Autism Spectrum Disorder within Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Catching Heterogeneity, Specificity and Comorbidity in Clinical Phenotypes and Neurobiological Bases PDF Download
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Author: Eugenia Conti
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889769526
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Author: Eugenia Conti
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889769526
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 220
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Book Description
Author: Michael Fitzgerald
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838810056
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex condition that has extreme heterogeneity, which makes it extremely challenging from a diagnostic and etiological point of view. To add to the complexity, ASD typically has co-morbidity and overlap with other conditions outlined in this book, including epilepsy, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and others. This book also examines monocyte cytokine profiles and catecholamines in ASD, genetic studies of autism, treatments, and controversial issues.
Author: Roberto Canitano
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889452662
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
This Research Topic has the aim to fill the gap of the many unresolved scientific issues on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) that are still in need of investigation, Targeted treatments based on the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of disease are still lacking. Further research is awaited and should be obtained through a significant effort on experimental treatment trials and neuroscience research. This Topic is divided in two main sections, one covering clinical issues and another on basic neurosciences of Autism Spectrum Disorders. A more detailed description of the contents of the articles is provided in the editorial at the beginning of the issue.
Author: Roberto Canitano
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889638693
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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Book Description
Author: Valsamma Eapen
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889196801
Category : Autism
Languages : en
Pages : 95
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Book Description
This Research Topic covers the pathogenetic processes in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that underpin the translation of genetic vulnerability to clinically significant symptoms. Available research data in ASD suggests that it is a neural connectivity disorder and that the social communication and related neurobehavioural symptoms result from reduced synchronization between key "social brain" regions. These interconnected neural systems can be understood through the relationship between functionally relevant anatomic areas and neurochemical pathways, the programming of which are genetically modulated during neurodevelopment and mediated through a range of epigenetic and environmental modulators. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms can provide an invaluable window for understanding the neural wiring that regulates higher brain functions and consequent clinical phenotypes. In keeping with the multi modal and diverse origins of ASD, this Research Topic explores the genetic underpinnings and environmental modulation in the aetiology; neural substrates, biomarkers and endophenotypes that underlie clinical characteristics; as well as neurochemical pathways and pathophysiological mechanisms that pave the way for therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, since genetically mediated deficits and consequent functional impairments involve activity-dependent synapse development that depends on postnatal learning and experience, the trajectory towards the final clinical expression could be modulated by early interventions that exploit the neuronal maturation and brain plasticity. However, identifying these diverse pathogenetic processes and tailoring interventions would require subtyping ASD into homogeneous subgroups. In this regard, this topic covers the current state of evidence in the literature through topic reviews as well as ongoing original work that provides tangible hypotheses and directions for future research.
Author: Valerie W Hu
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814602175
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 724
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Book Description
This book focuses on the emerging and expanding areas of research on ASD and their potential to lead to better diagnosis and more effective therapies. These areas include innovative and integrative approaches to genetic/genomic analyses and investigations of epigenetic contributions, including the role of noncoding RNAs, DNA methylation, alternative splicing, RNA editing, and faulty translation in gene regulation and expression, metabolic and immune dysfunction, co-morbidities, as well as hormonal and gene-environment interactions that may increase risk for ASD. Within each chapter, experts review cutting-edge research as well as provide their perspective on the future of research in their respective areas, including the challenges involved and the types of studies or advances that are necessary to move the field forward to achieve predicted translational goals. Contributors: Argel Aguilar-Valles, Evdokia Anagnostou, Emma Ashwin, Bonnie Auyeung, Kelly M Bakulski, Simon Baron-Cohen, Margaret L Bauman, Donna Betts, Chad A Bousman, Daniel B Campbell, Manuel F Casanova, Bhismadev Chakrabarti, Gursharan Chana, Abha Chauhan, Ved Chauhan, Jessica DeWitt, Keith W Dunaway, Alal Eran, Ian P Everall, M Daniele Fallin, Richard E Frye, Piers Gillett, Matthew Ginsberg, Christos G Gkogkas, Rhonda J Greenhaw, Simon G Gregory, Elena L Grigorenko, Feng Gu, Rebecca Harmer, Martha Herbert, Valerie W Hu, Karen L Jones, Petra Kern, Arkady Khoutorsky, Rebecca Knickmeyer, Isaac S Kohane, Louis M Kunkel, Janine M LaSalle, Michael V Lombardo, Deepali Mankad, Marvin Natowicz, Laura Nicholls, Christos Pantelis, Natalia Rakhlin, Radhika Ramadas, Daniel A Rossignol, Tewarit Sarachana, Stephen W Scherer, Gabriela Schmulevich, Ayten Shah, Frank R Sharp, Alison B Singer, Efstratios Skafidas, Estate M Sokhadze, Nahum Sonenberg, Boryana Stamova, Zohreh Talebizadeh, Renee Testa, Judy Van de Water, Irina Voineagu, Daniel Williams, Ryan K C Yuen, Daniela Zantomio. Contents:Dissecting the Genetic Architecture of ASD:Phenotype Definition: A Cornerstone of Autism Research, Diagnosis and Therapy (Valerie W Hu)From Molecular Pathways to ASD Therapy: Insights from Syndromic Forms of Autism (Laura Nicholls, Radhika Ramadas and Irina Voineagu)Language Impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorders (Natalia Rakhlin and Elena L Grigorenko)Whole Genome Sequencing in Autism: Clinical Translation (Ryan K C Yuen and Stephen W Scherer)The Impact of Integrative Unconventional Data Analysis Approaches on Advancing Autism Genetics Research (Zohreh Talebizadeh and Ayten Shah)Construction of a Genetic Classifier for ASD Using Gene Pathway Analysis (Gursharan Chana, Renee Testa, Piers Gillett, Daniel Williams, Chad A Bousman, Daniela Zantomio, Ian P Everall, Christos Pantelis and Efstratios Skafidas)Gene Dysregulation in ASD: From Transcription to Translation:Genome-Wide Expression Studies of Blood and Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines in Autism Spectrum Disorders (Boryana Stamova and Frank R Sharp)Searching in the “Dark”: Non-Coding RNA as a New Avenue of Autism Research (Tewarit Sarachana and Valerie W Hu)Targeting Noncoding RNA for Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders (Jessica DeWitt and Daniel B Campbell)A-to-I RNA Editing in Autism Spectrum Disorder (Alal Eran, Isaac S Kohane and Louis M Kunkel)Translational Control of Autism and Fragile-X Syndrome (Christos G Gkogkas, Argel Aguilar-Valles, Arkady Khoutorsky and Nahum Sonenberg)Epigenetic, Environmental, and Physiological Contributions to ASD:Epigenetics in Autism (Matthew Ginsberg and Marvin Natowicz)The Epigenetics of Autism — Running Beyond the Bases (Simon G Gregory)Genes and Environment in Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Integrated Perspective (Kelly M Bakulski, Alison B Singer and M Daniele Fallin)The Potential Brain Drain from Environmental Exposures on the Methylome and Genome Across Generations (Janine M LaSalle and Keith W Dunaway)Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in ASDs (Feng Gu, Ved Chauhan and Abha Chauhan)Maternal Autoantibodies in Autism Spectrum Disorder (Karen L Jones and Judy Van de Water)Why is Autism More Common in Males? (Simon Baron-Cohen, Michael V Lombardo, Bonnie Auyeung, Emma Ashwin, Bhismadev Chakrabarti and Rebecca Knickmeyer)Moving Towards Personalized Treatment of ASD and Lifespan Issues:Future Directions in Psychopharmacology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Deepali Mankad and Evdokia Anagnostou)Medical Co-Morbidities in Autism: Clues to Underlying Biological Mechanisms and/or Diagnostic Subtypes? (Margaret L Bauman)Translational Implications of a Whole-Body Approach to Brain Health in Autism: How Transduction Between Metabolism and Electrophysiology Points to Mechanisms for Neuroplasticity (Martha R Herbert)Achieving Optimal Outcomes in Autism: Treating Potentially Reversible Conditions Associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder (Richard E Frye and Daniel A Rossignol)Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Application in Autism Treatment (Manuel F Casanova and Estate M Sokhadze)Music Therapy: Personalized Interventions for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (Petra Kern)The Contributions of Art Therapy in Treatment, Assessment, and Research with People Who have Autism Spectrum Disorders (Donna Betts, Rebecca Harmer and Gabriela Schmulevich)Shifting Paradigms: An Examination of Our Understanding of Adult Autism (Rhonda J Greenhaw) Readership: Established investigators and students engaged in autism research; also the general population, especially families of individuals affected by ASD and their professional caregivers. Key Features:This book presents a prospective look forward at autism research in multiple rapidly evolving areas, thus helping to provide focus and directions for future studiesThis book provides perspectives on what translational outcomes (e.g., novel and targeted therapeutics) can be anticipated from such studiesStrong focus on patient-centered researchKeywords:Autism Spectrum Disorders;Genetics;Genomics;Transciptome;Gene Regulation;Epigenetics;Noncoding RNA;RNA Editing;Gene-Environment Interactions;Sex Bias in ASD;Metabolic Dysfunction;Novel Therapeutics;Art Therapy;Music Therapy;Adult Population
Author: Christine M. Freitag
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with onset in early childhood. While highly heterogeneous, the core manifestations always include persistent difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as a pattern of restricted interests, repetitive behaviours, and abnormal sensory processing [1]. In addition, psychiatric comorbidity is high [2], and there are genetic risk overlaps with some other mental and neurodevelopmental disorders. In the vast majority of cases, the condition persists into adulthood [3], albeit with various behavioural features and variable mental and somatic comorbidity over a given lifespan. ASD is associated with high societal, educational, and health care costs, and, in many cases, a dramatic impact on the quality of life of patients and their families. ASDs are highly heritable [4], and a multitude of genetic studies have been published. In addition, more recent reviews also emphasize the role of genetic and environmental factors in the pathophysiology of ASD [5,6], which are mediated by lasting epigenetic changes. The genetic architecture of ASD comprises common and rare variations as well as cytogenetic disturbances, such as copy number variations, translocations, inversions, and numerical chromosomal aberrations [7]. Based on the genes affected and the respective functional effects, the idea of personalised medicine is to eventually use that information for the development of targeted treatments or towards the ability to predict the response to a specific intervention, mainly pharmacological but also psychosocial, given the individual's genetic and environmental risk constellation. The current Special Issue aims to highlight some core aspects regarding basic and applied science approaches in advancing this field of science. Currently, psychopharmacological treatment in ASD can improve many comorbid neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or aggressive behaviour, and the core symptoms of restricted and repetitive behaviours [8,9]. No pharmacological options targeting social interaction and communication are available. Social communication and other strongly relevant targets of intervention in ASD [10], such as adaptive behaviour, cognitive and language development, or quality of life may be improved by early behavioural intervention [11]. Still, individual outcomes are highly variable, even with the same kind of psychosocial intervention approach. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this broad range of symptoms and abilities, as well as their longitudinal course, is a crucial first step towards the development of personalised treatments. Given the heterogeneity regarding the ASD phenotype and its underlying etiology, such as diverse genetic variation and additional environmental risks with the related neurobiological mechanisms, discovering new pharmacological treatments for the condition is a huge challenge. This challenge is at the heart of this Special Issue. Here, we have collected a set of contributions providing state-of-the-art coverage, ranging from the theoretical framework, linking genetics to human behaviour and therapy, to initial practical examples of how genetics can provide valuable insights into the personalized clinical management of autistic individuals. To introduce the papers of this Special Issue, a broad summary of the many challenges related to the development of personalised medicine in ASD is given here. In the final statement from the editors, the specific contributions of the articles included in this Special Issue will be summarised.
Author: Antonio Narzisi
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036502025
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
This book represents one of the most up-to-date collections of articles on clinical practice and research in the field of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The scholars who contributed to this book are experts in their field, carrying out cutting edge research in prestigious institutes worldwide (e.g., Harvard Medical School, University of California, MIND Institute, King’s College, Karolinska Institute, and many others). The book addressed many topics, including (1) The COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Epidemiology and prevalence; (3) Screening and early behavioral markers; (4) Diagnostic and phenotypic profile; (5) Treatment and intervention; (6) Etiopathogenesis (biomarkers, biology, and genetic, epigenetic, and risk factors); (7) Comorbidity; (8) Adulthood; and (9) Broader Autism Phenotype (BAP). This book testifies to the complexity of performing research in the field of ASD. The published contributions underline areas of progress and ongoing challenges in which more certain data is expected in the coming years. It would be desirable that experts, clinicians, researchers, and trainees could have the opportunity to read this updated text describing the challenging heterogeneity of Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Author: M. Créteil
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318026026
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
Accurate and exhaustive, this book provides a wide overview of the current knowledge on phenotypes, mechanisms and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. It covers topics on diagnostic issues, comorbid conditions and therapeutic strategies along with a detailed discussion on the actual understanding of the pathophysiology of autism disorders. More specifically, this book reviews in detail the current knowledge on the comorbidity between mental and medical disorders, describes abnormal cognitive and social development and gives a thorough overview on genetic as well as brain imaging abnormalities observed in autism spectrum disorders. In addition, the current literature on environmental risk factors which may provide an explanation for the increased prevalence of autism is being described. The last chapter gives an extensive review of early detection and early therapeutic interventions encompassing psycho-social and pharmacological strategies. Each chapter is easy to read and gives the reader access to the most important information on each topic covered. This book provides innovative reading material for medical students, psychologists, researchers and clinicians who need accurate information on the best available diagnostic and therapeutic strategies as well as on up-to-date research data.
Author: Jo Van Herwegen
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 131756359X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 379
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Book Description
Interest in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders has grown exponentially in recent years across a range of disciplines, including psychology, psychiatry, education and neuroscience. The research itself has become more sophisticated, using multidisciplinary methods to probe interdisciplinary questions. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Research Challenges and Solutions provides a thorough overview of the key issues involved in researching neurodevelopmental disorders. The volume includes 14 chapters, arranged over three sections. Chapters in the first section address general research challenges for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders. The second section draws upon specific disorders (such as Williams syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, ADHD, and Language Disorders) to consider the syndrome-specific issues or challenges that may be crucial to advancing our understanding of aspects of cognition and behavior associated with them. The final section considers how research evidence may be translated into practice to begin making an impact upon the lives of individuals who have neurodevelopmental disorders and their families. Each chapter in the book also includes ‘practical tips’ for either conducting research with individuals who have neurodevelopmental disorders or considering wider practical issues. The book will be indispensable reading for advanced students, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of developmental psychology, developmental psychopathology, special needs education, neuropsychology, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
