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Author: Harry Clyde Sipe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Book Description
Author: Harry Clyde Sipe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Book Description
Author: Stephen Darwall
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674253620
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
Why should we avoid doing moral wrong? The inability of philosophy to answer this question in a compelling manner—along with the moral skepticism and ethical confusion that ensue—result, Stephen Darwall argues, from our failure to appreciate the essentially interpersonal character of moral obligation. After showing how attempts to vindicate morality have tended to change the subject—falling back on nonmoral values or practical, first-person considerations—Darwall elaborates the interpersonal nature of moral obligations: their inherent link to our responsibilities to one another as members of the moral community. As Darwall defines it, the concept of moral obligation has an irreducibly second-person aspect; it presupposes our authority to make claims and demands on one another. And so too do many other central notions, including those of rights, the dignity of and respect for persons, and the very concept of person itself. The result is nothing less than a fundamental reorientation of moral theory that enables it at last to account for morality's supreme authority—an account that Darwall carries from the realm of theory to the practical world of second-person attitudes, emotions, and actions.
Author: Stephen Darwall
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191639583
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Stephen Darwall presents a series of essays that explore and extend the Second-Person Standpoints argument that central moral concepts are irreducibly second personal, entailing mutual accountability and the authority to address demands to one another (and ourselves). He illustrates the second-personal frameworks power to illuminate a wide variety of issues in moral, political, and legal philosophy. Section I concerns morality: its distinctiveness among normative concepts, the metaethics of bipolar obligations (owed to someone); the relation between moral obligations form and the substance of our obligations; whether the fact that an action is wrong is itself a reason against action (as opposed to simply entailing that sufficient moral reasons independently exist); and whether morality requires general principles or might be irreducibly particularistic. Section II consists of two essays on autonomy: one discussing the relation between Kants autonomy of the will and the right to autonomy, and another arguing that what makes an agents desires and will reason-giving is not the basis of internal practical reasons in desire, but the dignity of persons and shared second-personal authority. Section III focuses on the nature of authority and the law. Two essays take up Joseph Razs influential normal justification thesis and argue that it fails to capture authoritys second-personal nature, without which authority cannot create exclusionaryand preemptivereasons.The final two essays concern law.The first sketches the insights that a second-personal approach can provide into the nature of law and the grounds of distinctions between different parts of law.The second shows how a second-personal framework can be used to develop the civil recourse theory in the law of torts.
Author: Bennett W. Helm
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192522035
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Communities of respect are communities of people sharing common practices or a (partial) way of life; they include families, clubs, religious groups, and political parties. This book develops a detailed account of such communities in terms of the rational structure of their members' reactive attitudes: emotions like resentment, gratitude, guilt, approbation, and indignation, whereby people hold each other responsible to certain norms. Helm argues that these communities are fundamental in three interrelated ways to understanding what it is to be a person. First, it is only by being a member of a community of respect that one can be a responsible agent having dignity; such an agent therefore has certain rights as well as the authority to demand that fellow members recognize her dignity and follow the norms of the community, compliance with which norms they likewise have the authority to demand from her. Second, by prescribing or proscribing both actions and values, communities of respect can shape the identities of their members in ways that others have the authority to enforce, thereby revealing an important interpersonal dimension of the identities of persons. Finally, all of this is grounded in a distinctively interpersonal form of practical rationality in virtue of which we jointly have reasons to recognize the dignity and authority of fellow members and so to comply with their authoritative demands, as well as to respect (and so comply with) the norms of the community. Hence we persons are essentially social creatures.
Author: Stephen Darwall
Publisher:
ISBN: 0199662614
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
Stephen Darwall expands upon his argument for a second-personal framework for morality, in which morality entails mutual accountability and the authority to address demands. He explores the role of the framework in relation to cultural ideas of respect and honor; the development of "modern" moral philosophy; and interpersonal relations.
Author: Mark J. Cherry
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306468662
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 400
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Book Description
Debate regarding organ sales is largely innocent of the history of thought on the matter. This volume seeks to remedy this shortcoming. Positions for or against a market in human organs are nested within moral intuitions, ontological or political theoretical premises, or understandings of special moral concerns, such as permissible uses of the body, which have a long history of analysis. The essays compass the views of Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Locke, Kant, Hegel, Mill and Christianity, as well as particular methodological approaches, such as the phenomenology of the body, natural law theory, legal theory and libertarian critique of legal theory. These discussions cluster a number of conceptually independent philosophical concerns: (1) What is the appropriate understanding of the relationship between persons and their bodies? (2) What does it mean to `own' an organ? (3) Do governments have moral authority to regulate how persons use their own body parts? (4) What are the costs and benefits of a market in human organs? Such questions are related by an urgent public health challenge: the considerable disparity between the number of patients who could significantly benefit from organ transplantation and the number of human organs available for transplantation. This volume explores the theoretical, normative, and historical foundations for alternative policies for procurement and transplantation of human organs.
Author: U. S. Army Sergeants Major Academy
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN: 9781482331929
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 102
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Book Description
This manual was prepared to further develop and refine the doctrine of the functional relationship which must exist between officers and NCOs at all levels within the Army. Included is the essential doctrine necessary for commissioned officers and noncommissioned officers to begin the process of clarifying their duties, responsibilities, and authority. The manual should be used in conjunction with other interpersonal skills and existing leadership doctrine. Chapter 1 presents a brief historical view of the traditional relationship among officers and NCOs. It presents facts and establishes a basis for discussing some of the major problems which exist in the Army today. Chapter 2 identifies the basic components that exist within an organization in which the officer and the NCO must effectively function. This is done using a systems approach which utilizes the Army organization effectiveness model. Chapter 3 explains the methods and channels of communication in the chain of command and supporting channels. Emphasis is placed on the NCO support channel and the need and use of feedback within the communication process. Chapter 4 is an explanation of the concepts of authority, responsibility, and duty. Authority is discussed followed by an overview of power as the means for establishing effective authority. In the discussion of responsibility, the responsibility of the individuals and the responsibility of commanders are defined and clarified. Finally, the concept of duty is developed with a distinction made between a duty and a task. Chapter 5 presents a model incorporating the traditional Army philosophy of supervision. Although perhaps confusing because the model is new, field testing has shown that it is useful and useable as a technique for training NCOs and officers. Examples are presented which transfer the principles of the model to common, easily understood situations. Lastly, the chapter focuses on developing teamwork and teambuilding processes. Chapter 6 outlines the primary functional duty areas of the officer corps and the NCO corps. Chapter 7 traces the emergence of the noncommissioned officers corps as a profession. It stresses the importance of ethics within the NCO corps and the need for continual policing of itself. Lastly, the text is summarized.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Book Description
Author: Lawrence J. Gitman
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781947172555
Category : Business
Languages : en
Pages : 732
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Book Description
Introduction to Business covers the scope and sequence of most introductory business courses. The book provides detailed explanations in the context of core themes such as customer satisfaction, ethics, entrepreneurship, global business, and managing change. Introduction to Business includes hundreds of current business examples from a range of industries and geographic locations, which feature a variety of individuals. The outcome is a balanced approach to the theory and application of business concepts, with attention to the knowledge and skills necessary for student success in this course and beyond.
Author: Nathaniel Branden
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 0684832488
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 260
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Book Description
The bestselling author of "The Psychology of Self-Esteem" presents an illuminating guide to self-realization through self-reliance and a vision of a society transformed by a new ethical individualism.
