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Author: Ralf Koppmann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470994150
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512
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Book Description
Every day, large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products caused by oxidation of VOCs is one of the largest unknowns in the quantitative prediction of the earth’s climate on a regional and global scale, and on the understanding of local air quality. To be able to model and control their impact, it is essential to understand the sources of VOCs, their distribution in the atmosphere and the chemical transformations which remove these compounds from the atmosphere. In recent years techniques for the analysis of organic compounds in the atmosphere have been developed to increase the spectrum of detectable compounds and their detection limits. New methods have been introduced to increase the time resolution of those measurements and to resolve more complex mixtures of organic compounds. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes the current state of knowledge of the chemistry of VOCs as well as the methods and techniques to analyse gaseous and particulate organic compounds in the atmosphere. The aim is to provide an authoritative review to address the needs of both graduate students and active researchers in the field of atmospheric chemistry research.
Author: Ralf Koppmann
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470994150
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 512
Get Book Here
Book Description
Every day, large quantities of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted into the atmosphere from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The formation of gaseous and particulate secondary products caused by oxidation of VOCs is one of the largest unknowns in the quantitative prediction of the earth’s climate on a regional and global scale, and on the understanding of local air quality. To be able to model and control their impact, it is essential to understand the sources of VOCs, their distribution in the atmosphere and the chemical transformations which remove these compounds from the atmosphere. In recent years techniques for the analysis of organic compounds in the atmosphere have been developed to increase the spectrum of detectable compounds and their detection limits. New methods have been introduced to increase the time resolution of those measurements and to resolve more complex mixtures of organic compounds. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes the current state of knowledge of the chemistry of VOCs as well as the methods and techniques to analyse gaseous and particulate organic compounds in the atmosphere. The aim is to provide an authoritative review to address the needs of both graduate students and active researchers in the field of atmospheric chemistry research.
Author: Amy M. Sage
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Georges Le Bras
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642592163
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
Oxidation and removal of atmospheric constituents involve complex sequences of reactions which can lead to the production of photo-oxidants such as ozone. In order to understand and model these complex reaction sequences, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms and accurate estimates of kinetic parameters for relevant gas-phase atmospheric reactions. This book presents recent advances in the field and includes the following topics: e.g. the oxidation of simple organic compounds, NOx kinetics and mechanisms, OH radical production and rate constants for the OH attack on more complex organic compounds, peroxy and alkoxy radical reactions, photo-oxidation of aromatic and biogenic compounds, and the interaction between radical species.
Author: Hasse Christian Knap
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
Author: Jack G. Calvert
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780199771547
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 570
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Book Description
This text reviews many of the aspects of the chemistry of the aromatic hydrocarbons and a consensus evaluation of the data by seven of the leading atmospheric scientists. The book covers topics ranging from the relative importance of the compounds in ozone and haze development to methods of estimating elemantary rate coefficients based on structural features of the compounds to mechanisms of aerosol generation and atmostpheric reaction of the polycyclic compounds to photochemical processes. It identifies features of the aromatic hydrocarbons requiring further study and appendicies give the structural formulas and nomenclature of the compounds reviewed in the book.
Author: John R Barker
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813271841
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 616
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Book Description
This series presents authoritative invited summaries of research on atmospheric chemistry in a changing world. These range from comprehensive reviews of major subject areas to focused accounts by individual research groups. The topics may include laboratory studies, field measurements, in situ monitoring and remote sensing, studies of composition, chemical modeling, theories of atmospheric chemistry and climate, feedback mechanisms, emissions and deposition, biogeochemical cycles, and the links between atmospheric chemistry and the climate system at large.Volume 2 comprises chapters describing research on multiphase chemistry affecting air quality in China, on multiphase chemistry of organic compounds leading to secondary organic aerosol formation, on biogeochemical cycles involving ammonia, on oxidation of aromatic compounds, on reactions of Criegee intermediates (important in oxidation of alkenes), and on laboratory and field measurements of isotopic fractionation in the atmosphere.
Author: James Freeman Hunter
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 110
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Book Description
.Organic molecules have many important roles in the atmosphere, acting as climate and biogeochemical forcers, and in some cases as toxic pollutants. The lifecycle of atmospheric organic carbon is extremely complex, with reaction in multiple phases (gas, particle, aqueous) and at multiple timescales. The details of the lifecycle chemistry (especially the amount and properties of particles) have important implications for air quality, climate, and human and ecosystem health, and need to be understood better. Much of the chemical complexity and uncertainty lies in the reactions and properties of low-volatility oxidized intermediates that result from the oxidation of volatile organic precursors, and which have received comparatively little study thus far. This thesis describes three projects that link together the entire chain of oxidation (volatile to intermediate to condensed) in an effort to improve our understanding of carbon lifecycle and aerosol production. Laboratory studies of atmospherically relevant aerosol precursors show that the slow oxidation of intermediates is critical to explaining the yield and properties of aerosol under highly oxidized ("aged") conditions, and that the production of organic particles is significantly increased when intermediates are fully oxidized. This aging process is a strong function of molecular structure, and depends on aerosol concentration through the phenomenon of condensational trapping. Further laboratory studies of a series of (poly)cyclic 10 carbon alkanes show that structural effects are largely explained through fragmentation reactions, and that more generally, carbon-carbon bond scission is a ubiquitous and important reaction channel for oxidized intermediates. Finally, direct measurement of oxidized intermediate compounds in field studies shows that these compounds are abundant and important in the ambient atmosphere, with concentrations and properties in between those of volatile and particulate organic compounds. Together with other co-located measurements and complementary techniques, this enables estimates of emission, oxidation, and deposition to be constructed. The results from this thesis can be used to inform more sophisticated models of atmospheric organic carbon cycling, and to improve prediction of organic particulate matter concentrations.
Author: Epameinondas Tsiligiannis
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789180097239
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Walter Klöpffer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527611622
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
This compilation on the degradation of 1,100 commercially important chemical products is the first publication to make this knowledge publicly accessible in one book. The data and annotations have been painstakingly assembled over a 10-year period in a collaboration between academia and regulatory authorities. The work explains in detail the methods, including computational ones, for the environmental assessment of volatile and semi-volatile substances, and is rounded off with data tables of degradation rates. A key resource for manufacturers and regulators of such substances.
Author: T Graedel
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323149847
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
Chemical Compounds in the Atmosphere deals with the chemistry of organic and inorganic compounds found in the atmosphere, including rare gases and compounds of oxygen and hydrogen, halogenated aromatic compounds, and organometallic compounds. The sources and concentrations of atmospheric trace gases are discussed, along with their chemical reactions and ultimate fates. The compounds are divided into groups on the basis of chemical constituent or chemical structure. Comprised of 10 chapters, this book opens with an overview of atmospheric composition and atmospheric chemistry, followed by a discussion on inorganic compounds present in the troposphere such as rare gases and compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The next chapters focus on hydrocarbons such as alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes; carbonyl compounds such as ketones and aldehydes; oxygenated and nitrogen- and sulfur-containing organic compounds; organic halogenated compounds such as mercaptans and thiocyanates; and organometallic compounds such as organophosphorus pesticides. The final chapter is a synthesis of data on atmospheric compounds mentioned in this text, with emphasis on their occurrence, sources, oxidation, and lifetimes. The chemistry of acid rain is also considered. This monograph will be of value to those engaged in atmospheric measurements, theoretical and laboratory studies of chemical parameters relevant to the atmosphere, and air quality assessments.
