ASTM Standards on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases PDF Download
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Author: American Society for Testing Materials. Committee D-27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric insulators and insulation
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Author: American Society for Testing Materials. Committee D-27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electric insulators and insulation
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Author: Ernst Peter Pagger
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031224604
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
This book describes the state-of-the-art use of biological insulating liquids in detail. In recent years, more and more transformers filled with esters have been put into operation. This is because people recognize the benefits of ester liquids in terms of their fire safety (high flash and fire points) and environmental characteristics, judging from their biodegradability, their low CO2 footprint (only valid for natural ester) and their beneficial interactions with solid insulation, etc. One of the main reasons is that the water adsorption and absorption characteristics of these liquids are excellent and very different compared to mineral oil. The today’s discussion about climate change and global warming is an additional driver for using natural ester. Another advantage is that transformers filled with biological insulating liquids can operate with an overload of up to 150%. This is advantageous in the case of volatile energy generation from wind and solar power and in the supply of electrical energy for electromobility. Liquid inside electrical equipment is the lifeblood that serves both as a dielectric and a cooling medium. Some properties of these liquids differ from mineral oil, which had to be considered in the transformer design. The dielectric liquid is always in direct contact with transformer materials; therefore, the interaction should be very well understood, especially when retrofilling an existing mineral oil filled device. There are several natural ester fluids derived from various seeds and fruits on the market, and their properties may differ more or less. In the book, the most important properties of the different biological insulating fluids and mineral oil are compared. Ester fluids have already found their way into various standards. The condition of the device can be verified very well from the contents of the insulating liquids. For analysis and testing, the same equipment and devices that are commonly used for mineral oil are used for ester liquid. The chemical and physical behaviors of ester fluids compared to mineral oil are different. This must always be considered when interpreting test results stemming from ester fluids. The book is a guideline for students, original equipment manufacturers, users, laboratories and authorities in the use of biological insulating liquids.
Author: William J. Slattery
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Standards, Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Author: William J. Slattery
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Standards, Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Author: William J. Slattery
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Standards, Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 470
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Book Description
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Office of Engineering and Information Processing Standards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Engineers
Languages : en
Pages : 416
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Book Description
Author: William J. Slattery
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Standards, Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
Author: Carolyn Farquhar Ulrich
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Periodicals
Languages : en
Pages : 2402
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Book Description
Author: Brajendra K. Sharma
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1315355892
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 644
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Book Description
A Comprehensive Review of Developing Environmentally Friendly Lubricants A push from environmentally savvy consumers along with recent changes in governmental regulations have paved the way for a marketplace of products with high levels of environmental performance. Fueled by the growing demand for biobased lubricants, Environmentally Friendly and Biobased Lubricants highlights the development of environmentally friendly additives that are compatible with environmental regulations and describes the approaches being used in this emerging area. Derived from research topics shared over the years at various technical sessions of the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers (STLE) Annual Meetings, the book includes a critical assessment of gaps and weaknesses in the field of environmentally friendly fluids and biobased lubricants. Each chapter is written by authors selected from the environmentally friendly fluids and biobased lubricants sessions of STLE and also incorporates input from prominent researchers invited to take part in the book. Expert contributors discuss the control, production, usage, and disposal of lubricants; factor in related policies, laws, and regulations around the world; and include case studies demonstrating the uses and values of commercially viable biobased lubricants. The book is divided into five sections that cover advanced environmentally friendly base oils and feedstocks, biobased hydraulic lubricants and biodegradability, chemically/enzymatically modified environmentally friendly base oils, vegetable oil–based environmentally friendly fluids, and additives for environmentally friendly fluids.
Author: ASTM.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780803115804
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 948
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Book Description
