Are Invivo and Invitro Assessments of Comparative and Combined Toxicity of the Same Metallic Nanoparticles Compatible, Or Contradictory, Or Both? A Juxtaposition of Data Obtained in Respective Experiments with NiO and Mn3O4 Nanoparticles PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Abstract: Comparative and combined damaging effects of NiO and Mn3 O4 nanoparticles were estimated on cultures of several established human cell lines. The cytotoxicity indices used were: (a) reduction in cellular dehydrogenase activity, (b) decrease in the ATP-content, (c) for SH-SY5Y cells also decrease in the tyrosine hydroxylase content. The combined cytotoxicity was modeled using the Response Surface Methodology. When assessing the stability of metal oxide nanoparticles (MeO-NPs) in cultural media used by us, we found that the addition of the fetal bovine serum (FBS) to them renders NiO-NPs and, to even greater extent, Mn3 O4 -NPs exponentially slow soluble while without FBS their dissolution was virtually undetectable. At the same time, sedimentation of these MeO-NPs noticeably slowed down in the presence of the same FBS. We have found dependence of cell damage on concentrations of MeO-NPs and higher cytotoxicity of Mn3 O4 -NP compared with NiO-NP. Thus, comparative assessment of the NPs unspecific toxicity obtained in our animal experiments was reproduced by the " invitro " tests. However, with respect to manganese-specific brain damage " invivo " discovered previously, present experiments on neurons " invitro " showed only a certain enhancing effect of Mn3 O4 -NP on the action of NiO-NP, but the role of NiO-NP in the combination prevailed. Highlights: NiO and Mn3 O4 nanoparticles (NPs) toxicity was assessed on some established human cell lines and analyzed mathematically. Adding protein to culture increased the NP solubility and decreased aggregation thus making invitro modeling more adequate. Statistically significant dose-response dependency testify for these models' really revealing NPs toxic effects. Invitro models identify organ-specific combined toxicity is characterized invivo only to a limited extent.
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Languages : en
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Book Description
Abstract: Comparative and combined damaging effects of NiO and Mn3 O4 nanoparticles were estimated on cultures of several established human cell lines. The cytotoxicity indices used were: (a) reduction in cellular dehydrogenase activity, (b) decrease in the ATP-content, (c) for SH-SY5Y cells also decrease in the tyrosine hydroxylase content. The combined cytotoxicity was modeled using the Response Surface Methodology. When assessing the stability of metal oxide nanoparticles (MeO-NPs) in cultural media used by us, we found that the addition of the fetal bovine serum (FBS) to them renders NiO-NPs and, to even greater extent, Mn3 O4 -NPs exponentially slow soluble while without FBS their dissolution was virtually undetectable. At the same time, sedimentation of these MeO-NPs noticeably slowed down in the presence of the same FBS. We have found dependence of cell damage on concentrations of MeO-NPs and higher cytotoxicity of Mn3 O4 -NP compared with NiO-NP. Thus, comparative assessment of the NPs unspecific toxicity obtained in our animal experiments was reproduced by the " invitro " tests. However, with respect to manganese-specific brain damage " invivo " discovered previously, present experiments on neurons " invitro " showed only a certain enhancing effect of Mn3 O4 -NP on the action of NiO-NP, but the role of NiO-NP in the combination prevailed. Highlights: NiO and Mn3 O4 nanoparticles (NPs) toxicity was assessed on some established human cell lines and analyzed mathematically. Adding protein to culture increased the NP solubility and decreased aggregation thus making invitro modeling more adequate. Statistically significant dose-response dependency testify for these models' really revealing NPs toxic effects. Invitro models identify organ-specific combined toxicity is characterized invivo only to a limited extent.
Author: Michael J. Maroney
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 303928066X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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The chemistry of nickel in biological systems has been intensely investigated since the discovery of the essential role played by this transition metal in the enzyme urease, ca. 1975. Since then, several nickel-dependent enzymes have been discovered and characterized at the molecular level using structural, spectroscopic, and kinetic methods, and insight into reaction mechanisms has been elaborated using synthetic and computational models. The dual role of nickel as both an essential nutrient and as a toxin has prompted efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms of nickel toxicology and to uncover the means by which cells select nickel from among a pool of different and more readily available metal ions and thus regulate the intracellular chemistry of nickel. This latter effort highlights the importance of proteins involved in the extra- and intra-cellular sensing of nickel, the roles of nickel-selective proteins for import and export, and nickel-responsive transcription factors, all of which are important for regulating nickel homeostasis. In this Special Issue, the contributing authors have covered recent advances in many of these aspects of nickel biochemistry, including toxicology, bacterial pathogenesis, carcinogenesis, computational and synthetic models, nickel trafficking proteins, and enzymology.
Author: Simona Clichici
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789846161
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 247
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Book Description
In the last decade, nanomaterials have become a double-edged sword. On one hand, nanomaterials have proven their limitless potential not only for technological applications, but also for medical ones. On the other hand, the increasing use of these nanomaterials has raised concerns regarding their safety for environmental and human health, due to their potential toxicity. The toxic effects of nanomaterials depend on their type, surface geometry, diameter, length and function. This book intends to provide a comprehensive evidence-based overview of nanomaterial toxicity, from their synthesis and characterization, environmental impact, tests to assess their toxicity in vitro and in vivo, ways to modulate their impact on living organisms, to their beneficial use in biomedical applications.
Author: Krishnan Rajeshwar
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387728104
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Given the backdrop of intense interest and widespread discussion on the prospects of a hydrogen energy economy, this book aims to provide an authoritative and up-to-date scientific account of hydrogen generation using solar energy and renewable sources such as water. While the technological and economic aspects of solar hydrogen generation are evolving, the scientific principles underlying various solar-assisted water splitting schemes already have a firm footing. This book aims to expose a broad-based audience to these principles. This book spans the disciplines of solar energy conversion, electrochemistry, photochemistry, photoelectrochemistry, materials chemistry, device physics/engineering, and biology.
Author: Bing Yan
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811058644
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 383
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Book Description
This book brings together reviews from international experts who are exploring the biological activities of nanomaterials for medical applications or to better understand nanotoxicity. Topics include but are not limited to the following: 1) mechanistic understanding of nanostructure-bioactivity relationships; 2) the regulation of nanoparticles’ bioactivity by means of chemical modification; 3) the new methodologies and standard methods used to assess nanoparticles’ bioactivity; 4) the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle-biomolecule interactions and nanoparticle-cell interactions; and 5) biomedical applications of nanotechnology. The book will be a valuable resource for a broad readership in various subfields of chemical science, engineering, biology, environment, and medicine.
Author: Maria A. Mange
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080548598
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1329
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Book Description
The book is structured thematically, encompassing principles, processes and products, practice and applications. Discussion of processes that control heavy mineral assemblages throughout the rock cycle are presented by leading experts, whose key-note works are followed by specialist case studies. Each work also provides details on the geology of the study area, techniques and data treatment. The high number of contributions represent the collective experience and wisdom of generations of geologists, and provide an invaluable source of references to works carried out in many parts of the world. * Presents a unique and authoritative resource of immediate relevance and practical use to the researcher and applied geologist * Contains case studies demonstrating the broad range of applications of heavy minerals in a variety of modern and ancient geological settings, and in resource exploration * Includes examples of geological problems from employing heavy mineral analysis and establishing criteria that can be applied before deciding to undertake a study
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Category : Lead
Languages : en
Pages : 584
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Author: Andreas Michels
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198855176
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Magnetic Small-Angle Neutron Scattering provides the first extensive treatment of magnetic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The theoretical background required to compute magnetic SANS cross sections and correlation functions related to long-wavelength magnetization structures is laidout. The concepts are scrutinized based on the discussion of experimental neutron data. Regarding prior background knowledge, some familiarity with the basic magnetic interactions and phenomena as well as scattering theory is desired.Besides exposing the different origins of magnetic SANS, and furnishing the basics of the magnetic SANS technique in early chapters, a large part of the book is devoted to a comprehensive treatment of the continuum theory of micromagnetics, as it is relevant for the study of the elastic magneticSANS cross section. Analytical expressions for the magnetization Fourier components allow to highlight the essential features of magnetic SANS and to analyze experimental data both in reciprocal, as well as in real space. Later chapters provide an overview on the magnetic SANS of nanoparticles andso-called complex systems (e.g., ferrofluids, magnetic steels, spin glasses and amorphous magnets). It is this subfield where major progress is expected to be made in the coming years, mainly via the increased usage of numerical micromagnetic simulations (Chapter 7), which is a very promisingapproach for the understanding of the magnetic SANS from systems exhibiting nanoscale spin inhomogeneity.
Author: Nicholas Kurti
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9782881243004
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
One of the world's foremost authorities on magnetism, Professor Louis Neel was the recipient of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics. With all but ten of Neel's 150 original papers being written in French, the aim of this English edition is to bring this important work to a wider readership.
Author: Raghvendra Singh Yadav
Publisher: Mdpi AG
ISBN: 9783036583259
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book is a collection of review articles and research articles, which was published in the Special Issue "Multifunctional Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications" of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences.
