Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American men
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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"Prostate cancer, a disease of the prostate, is the second most leading cause of death among men in the United States and it is the leading cause of death among black men. Black men are at higher risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer than any other race. The purpose of this study is to discuss the knowledge and perceptions a group of black men of African descent have in relation to prostate cancer, screening and health practices."--leaf 4.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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African American men have the highest incidence and mortality from prostate cancer in the world. Multiple reasons have been postulated to explain these findings, although the definitive reasons for them are unknown. While both environmental and genetic factors may contribute to prostate cancer susceptibility, results from multiple studies consistently implicate a strong genetic component to this cancer. However, a specific gene that is consistently and reproducibly associated with prostate cancer risk in any population has not been identified. Association studies examining the frequency of common but specific genetic variants in study populations with and without a particular disease (i.e., case-control) is a powerful way to detect the influence of common genetic variants capable of affecting disease risk. While these types of studies are powerful, they are not without limitations, including the tendency to be confounded due to population stratification (a critical issue in admixed populations like African Americans), and the requirement for large, well-matched, and well-characterized study populations. While there has been extensive use of case control studies to identify genetic risk variants in Caucasian populations, corresponding studies in the African American prostate cancer population have been less extensive, typically being much smaller than their Caucasian counterparts, with little or no effort to address the critical issue of population stratification as a confounder. It is now quite clear that unless cases are well matched to controls in terms of genetic heterogeneity in such studies, spurious associations will and undoubtedly have been observed and reported. In this study, the author uses Ancestry Informative Markers (AIM) to match African American prostate cancer cases and controls for the purposes of performing association studies without confounding by population stratification.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
African American men have the highest incidence and mortality from prostate cancer in the world. Multiple reasons have been postulated to explain these findings although the definitive reasons for this are unknown. While both environmental and genetic factors may contribute to prostate cancer susceptibility, results from multiple studies consistently implicate a strong genetic component of this cancer. However, a specific gene which is consistently and reproducibly associated with prostate cancer risk in any population has not been identified. Association studies examining the frequency of common but specific genetic variants in study populations with and without a particular disease (i.e. case-control) is a powerful way to detect the influence of common genetic variants capable of affecting disease risk. While these types of studies are powerful, they are not without limitations, including the tendency to be confounded due to population stratification (a critical issue in admixed populations like African American), and the requirement for large, well matched, and well characterized study populations. While there has been extensive use of case control studies to identify genetic risk variants in Caucasian populations, corresponding studies in the African American prostate cancer population have been less extensive, typically being much smaller than the Caucasian counterparts, with little or no efforts to address the critical issue of population stratification as a confounder. It is now quite clear that unless cases are well matched to controls in terms of genetic heterogeneity in such studies, spurious associations will and undoubtedly have been observed and reported. In this study we use Ancestry Informative Markers (AIM) to match African American prostate cancer cases and controls for the purposes of performing association studies without confounding by population stratification.
Author: Amelie G. Ramirez
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 303029286X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
This open access book gives an overview of the sessions, panel discussions, and outcomes of the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference, held in February 2018 in San Antonio, Texas, USA, and hosted by the Mays Cancer Center and the Institute for Health Promotion Research at UT Health San Antonio. Latinos – the largest, youngest, and fastest-growing minority group in the United States – are expected to face a 142% rise in cancer cases in coming years. Although there has been substantial advancement in cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment over the past few decades, addressing Latino cancer health disparities has not nearly kept pace with progress. The diverse and dynamic group of speakers and panelists brought together at the Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos conference provided in-depth insights as well as progress and actionable goals for Latino-focused basic science research, clinical best practices, community interventions, and what can be done by way of prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in Latinos. These insights have been translated into the chapters included in this compendium; the chapters summarize the presentations and include current knowledge in the specific topic areas, identified gaps, and top priority areas for future cancer research in Latinos. Topics included among the chapters: Colorectal cancer disparities in Latinos: Genes vs. Environment Breast cancer risk and mortality in women of Latin American origin Differential cancer risk in Latinos: The role of diet Overcoming barriers for Latinos on cancer clinical trials Es tiempo: Engaging Latinas in cervical cancer research Emerging policies in U.S. health care Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos proves to be an indispensable resource offering key insights into actionable targets for basic science research, suggestions for clinical best practices and community interventions, and novel strategies and advocacy opportunities to reduce health disparities in Latino communities. It will find an engaged audience among researchers, academics, physicians and other healthcare professionals, patient advocates, students, and others with an interest in the broad field of Latino cancer.
Author: Cheryl A. Still
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Author: Clareann H. Bunker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
We hypothesized that the elevated risk for prostate cancer, observed in African Americans compared with whites, is present in all populations of African descent suggesting that genetic and/or shared metabolic and lifestyle factors, rather than environmental factors, are the main determinants of risk. The specific aims were to conduct a population based prostate cancer screening of the male residents, aged 50-79, on the Caribbean island of Tobago (recruitment goal, 2346 men) in order to estimate the screening detected prevalence rate of prostate cancer, and to conduct a pilot case control study (200 men) of conventional risk factors and molecular markers. This study, which we believe is the first involving screening a large Afro- Caribbean population diagnosed prostate cancer among the first 1645 screened men, aged 50-79, residing on the island of Tobago. Our data from this study support our hypothesis that, as observed in African American men, Afro-Caribbean men experience a high risk for prostate cancer. Results from the pilot case control studies suggest that sex hormone related polymorphisms and surrogate hormone measures are related to prostate cancer. This Tobago population of West African descent shares considerable genetic ancestry with African Americans and provides a uniquely valuable opportunity for the study of prostate cancer risk. The data emerging from this study is expanding our understanding of the contribution and interaction of environmental, genetic and metabolic factors to risk for prostate cancer. We expect that these findings will enable us to reduce the risk for prostate cancer among men of West African descent.
Author: Charles R. Williams
Publisher: Hilton Pub
ISBN: 9780971606753
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 138
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Book Description
Rev. Charles R. Williams lived the American dream. Spending most of his childhood in his birthplace, Indianapolis, it was his family's move to Chicago -- where he was influenced by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. -- that inspired him to leadership and implanted in him a sense of destiny. Williams first demonstrated his organizational, promotional and leadership skills in the Navy during the Vietnam War. After coordinating a national convention for the NAACP, his skills earned recognition and he eventually ascended to the leadership of Indiana Black Expo, the largest in America. At the height of success, Charles was diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer. The man who brainstormed the concept for one of the most successful health fairs in the nation -- responsible for saving hundreds if not thousands of lives -- ironically must confront the consequence of neglecting his own warning signs and his failure to get early medical attention. That Black Men Might Live explores Charles Williams's struggle with prostate cancer, his confrontation with mortality and impotence, his mission to alert and inform African American men about this disease, how the women in his life reacted and how women everywhere can join in the awareness campaign. That Black Men Might Live urges every Black man to prioritize health needs for himself, his family and his community. That Black Men Might Live is a prayer for life. Book jacket.
Author: National Institute Of Justice (Nij)
Publisher: BiblioGov
ISBN: 9781249920069
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) is the research, development and evaluation agency of the US Department of Justice. The NIJ is dedicated to improving knowledge and understanding of crime and justice issues through science. NIJ provides objective and independent knowledge and tools to reduce crime and promote justice, particularly at the state and local levels. Each year, the NIJ publishes and sponsors dozens of research and study documents detailing results, analyses and statistics that help to further the organization's mission. These documents relate to topics like biometrics, corrections technology, gun violence, digital forensics, human trafficking, electronic crime, terrorism, tribal justice and more. This document is one of these publications.
Author: Andrew W. Bruce
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447113985
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
Carcinoma of the prostate increasingly dominates the attention of urologists for both scientific and clinical reasons. The search for an explanation and the prediction of the variable behaviour of the malignant prostatic cell continues unabated. The search for more precise tumour staging and more effective treatment is equally vigorous. Editors Andrew Bruce and John Trachtenberg have assembled acknowledged leaders in prostate cancer to present those areas of direct interest to the clinician. There are a number of other topics that might have been considered but most of these, such as experimental tumour models or biochemical factors affecting cell growth, still lack immediate application for the clinician. Carcinoma of the prostate continues to have its highest incidence in the western world, and the difference in comparison with the incidence in the Far East appears to be real and not masked by diagnostic or other factors. A number of other epidemiological aspects need careful analysis: Is the incidence increasing? Is the survival improving? Is the prognosis worse in the younger patient? Epidemiological data are easily misused and misinterpreted so that a precise analysis of the known facts makes an important opening chapter to this book.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 87
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Book Description
Globally, prostate cancer is the most common invasive malignancy and the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Prostate cancer incidence is significantly higher in the United States compared to most other countries, due to dietary and environmental factors. Well-established risk factors for prostate cancer include increasing age, African ancestry, and a family history of prostate cancer1. African Americans have a higher incidence at a younger age, more aggressive forms of the disease, and shortest survival for all major cancers, and disparities persist despite an improved understanding of early detection, genetics, and socioeconomic risk factors1. Ethnicity/race is the major risk factor, after adjusting for age in this type of cancer. In prostate cancer, the tumor microenvironment (stroma) is considered to be a niche which favors tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis2. Interaction with cancer cells can lead to genetic changes in stroma cells. Active stromal components mostly contain smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, and inflammatory cells3. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are functionally and structurally different from fibroblasts, which exist adjacent to the normal epithelium. These cells, when mixed with normal prostate epithelial cells, can induce their malignant transformation4. Microarray analyses have identified pathways that are significantly associated with tumor and stromal tissues in prostate cancer5. 20% of these pathways are extracellular matrix components, cell adhesion molecules, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition5. In addition previous studies analyzing microarray data showed significantly modified gene expression between African American and Caucasian American stromal tissue6. Tissue microarrays are a useful technique for profiling protein expression in a large number of samples and is applied in this thesis project for the purpose of the microarray results optimization, validation, and its racial disparity outcomes in prostate cancer, as well as to determine if products of differentially expressed genes in tumor versus stroma of prostate cancer tissues follow the same pattern as transcript levels. We were going to quantify the proteins of interest using immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of African American and Caucasian American prostate cancer samples.
