Analyzing Taxes on Business Income with the Marginal Effective Tax Rate Model PDF Download
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Author: David Dunn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Many countries tax business income. Often the statutory tax rate differs substantially from the effective tax rate because of the many features involved in calculating taxable income and the frequent use of credits and other taxes on investment. The marginal effective tax rate (METR) model was developed for calculating the effective tax rates implied by business tax systems in developing countries. METR reveals some interesting patterns for ordinary tax systems : 1) with zero inflation, the statutory tax rate closely approximates the effective tax rate for ordinary tax systems. But at moderate rates of inflation, this approximation deteriorates; 2) indexation restores the close relationship between the effective tax rate and the statutory rate; 3) investment incentives reduce the effective tax rates, but incentive strengths depend on some fine points in tax calculations; and 4) effective tax rates tend to fall when the initial investment is partially financed with debt. This paper's goal is to make METR more widely available to individuals responsible for analysis of taxes on business income. By working with the model while progressing through the paper, the reader should soon be able to design and perform his own studies using METR.
Author: David Dunn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Many countries tax business income. Often the statutory tax rate differs substantially from the effective tax rate because of the many features involved in calculating taxable income and the frequent use of credits and other taxes on investment. The marginal effective tax rate (METR) model was developed for calculating the effective tax rates implied by business tax systems in developing countries. METR reveals some interesting patterns for ordinary tax systems : 1) with zero inflation, the statutory tax rate closely approximates the effective tax rate for ordinary tax systems. But at moderate rates of inflation, this approximation deteriorates; 2) indexation restores the close relationship between the effective tax rate and the statutory rate; 3) investment incentives reduce the effective tax rates, but incentive strengths depend on some fine points in tax calculations; and 4) effective tax rates tend to fall when the initial investment is partially financed with debt. This paper's goal is to make METR more widely available to individuals responsible for analysis of taxes on business income. By working with the model while progressing through the paper, the reader should soon be able to design and perform his own studies using METR.
Author: Donald DePamphilis
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123854857
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 784
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Book Description
Two strengths distinguish this textbook from others. One is its presentation of subjects in the contexts wherein they occur. The other is its use of current events. Other improvements have shortened and simplified chapters, increased the numbers and types of pedagogical supplements, and expanded the international appeal of examples.
Author: Steven D. Hanson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Financial statements
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
Author: Benjamin Carton
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1484326016
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 61
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Book Description
The Global Integrated Monetary and Fiscal model (GIMF) is a multi-region, forward-looking, DSGE model developed at the International Monetary Fund for policy analysis and international economic research. This paper documents the incorporation of corporate income, cash-flow and destination based cash-flow taxes into the model. The analysis presented considers the transmission mechanism of these taxes and details how financial frictions interact with each of the taxes.
Author: Alan J. Auerbach
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139464515
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
This book was first published in 2007. Most countries levy taxes on corporations, but the impact - and therefore the wisdom - of such taxes is highly controversial among economists. Does the burden of these taxes fall on wealthy shareowners, or is it passed along to those who work for, or buy the products of, corporations? Can a country with high corporate taxes remain competitive in the global economy? This book features research by leading economists and accountants that sheds light on these and related questions, including how taxes affect corporate dividend policy, stock market value, avoidance, and evasion. The studies promise to inform both future tax policy and regulatory policy, especially in light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission that are having profound effects on the market for tax planning and auditing in the wake of the well-publicized accounting scandals in Enron and WorldCom.
Author: Peter B. Dixon
Publisher: Newnes
ISBN: 0444536353
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1143
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Book Description
In this collection of 17 articles, top scholars synthesize and analyze scholarship on this widely used tool of policy analysis, setting forth its accomplishments, difficulties, and means of implementation. Though CGE modeling does not play a prominent role in top US graduate schools, it is employed universally in the development of economic policy. This collection is particularly important because it presents a history of modeling applications and examines competing points of view. - Presents coherent summaries of CGE theories that inform major model types - Covers the construction of CGE databases, model solving, and computer-assisted interpretation of results - Shows how CGE modeling has made a contribution to economic policy
Author: James R. Hines
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226341755
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 285
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Book Description
Because the actions of multinational corporations have a clear and direct effect on the flow of capital throughout the world, how and why these firms behave the way they do is a major issue for national governments and their policymakers. With an unprecedented ability to adjust the scale, character, and location of their global operations, international corporations have become increasingly sensitive to the kind and degree of tax obligations imposed on them by both host and home countries. Tax rules affect the volume of foreign direct investment, corporate borrowing, transfer pricing, dividend and royalty payments, and research and development. National governments that tax the profits of international firms face important challenges in designing tax policies to attract them. This collection examines the global ramifications of tax policies, offering up-to-date, theoretically innovative, and empirically sound perspectives on a problem of immense significance to future economic growth around the globe.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Taxation
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Author: Mary E. Burfisher
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107132207
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 443
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Book Description
The book provides a hands-on introduction to computable general equilibrium (CGE) models, written at an accessible, undergraduate level.
Author: Jane Gravelle
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781978091900
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Book Description
Interest in corporate tax reform that lowers the rate and broadens the base has developed in the past several years. Some discussions by economists in opinion pieces have suggested there is an urgent need to lower the corporate tax rate, but not necessarily to broaden the tax base, an approach that presents some difficulties given current budget pressures. Others see the corporate tax as a potential source of revenue. Arguments for lowering the corporate tax rate include the traditional concerns about economic distortions arising from the corporate tax and newer concerns arising from the increasingly global nature of the economy. Some claims have been made that lowering the corporate tax rate would raise revenue because of the behavioral responses, an effect that is linked to an open economy. Although the corporate tax has generally been viewed as contributing to a more progressive tax system because the burden falls on capital income and thus on higher-income individuals, claims have also been made that the burden falls not on owners of capital, but on labor income. The analysis in this report suggests that many of the concerns expressed about the corporate tax are not supported by empirical evidence. Claims that behavioral responses could cause revenues to rise if rates were cut do not hold up on either a theoretical or an empirical basis. Studies that purport to show a revenue-maximizing corporate tax rate of 30% (a rate lower than the current statutory tax rate) contain econometric errors that lead to biased and inconsistent results; when those problems are corrected the results disappear. Cross-country studies to provide direct evidence showing that the burden of the corporate tax actually falls on labor yield unreasonable results and prove to suffer from econometric flaws that also lead to a disappearance of the results when corrected, in those cases where data were obtained and the results replicated. Many studies that have been cited are not relevant to the United States because they reflect wage bargaining approaches and unions have virtually disappeared from the private sector in the United States. Overall, the evidence suggests that the tax is largely borne by capital. Similarly, claims that high U.S. tax rates will create problems for the United States in a global economy suffer from a misrepresentation of the U.S. tax rate compared with other countries and are less important when capital is imperfectly mobile, as it appears to be. Although these new arguments appear to rely on questionable methods, the traditional concerns about the corporate tax appear valid. While an argument may be made that the tax is still needed as a backstop to individual tax collections, it does result in some economic distortions. These economic distortions, however, have declined substantially over time as corporate rates and shares of output have fallen. Moreover, it is difficult to lower the corporate tax without creating a way of sheltering individual income given the low tax rates on dividends and capital gains. A number of revenue-neutral changes are available that could reduce these distortions, allow for a lower corporate statutory tax rate, and lead to a more efficient corporate tax system. These changes include base broadening, reducing the benefits of debt finance through inflation indexing, taxing large pass-through firms as corporations, and reducing the tax at the firm level offset by an increase at the individual level. Nevertheless, the scope for reducing the tax rate in a revenue-neutral way may be limited.
