Author: Sharianne G. Louie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 178

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Author: Yuqian Zhou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 456

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Author: Mark Douglas Aupperlee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Breast
Languages : en
Pages : 396

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Author: Shiqing Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Estrogen
Languages : en
Pages : 268

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Author: C.H. Knight
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146151973X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296

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All being done, we went to Mrs Shipmans, who is a great butter-woman; and I did see there the most of milke and cream, and the cleanest, that I ever saw in my life (29 May 1661). Among others, Sir Wm. Petty did tell me that in good earnest, he hath in his will left such parts of his estate to him that could invent such and such things -as among others, that could discover truly the way of milk coming into the breasts of a woman ... (22 March 1665). My wife tells me that she hears that my poor aunt James hath had her breast cut off here in tow- her breast having long been out of order (5 May 1665). From the Diary of Samuel Pepys, published as The Shorter Pepys (edited by R. Latham), Penguin Books (1987) The long-standing ultimate importance of research on the mammary gland is illustrated by the importance attached to cows' milk for human consumption, to human lactation and to breast cancer by Samuel Pepys and his contemporaries in the middle of the 17th century. Research has tended to develop in isolation in these three areas of continuing contemporary importance largely because in most countries, the underlying science of agricultural productivity is funded separately from the underlying science of human health and welfare.

Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Recent transgenic studies have demonstrated that targeted overexpression of the A and B isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR) to the mammary gland results in excessive ductal branching and alveolar growth respectively. Based on the above, we hypothesized that mammary-specific stem cells are present as a subgroup within those epithelial cells that express PR. To determine whether a stem cell population is contained within the PR expressing cell population (PR(+)), a PR-lacZ knockin mouse in combination with fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS) was utilized to separate PR(+) from PR( - ) mammary cells; both cell populations would then be evaluated for their regenerative capacity by transplantation into the cleared mammary fat pad of a host animal. FACS analysis applied to the PR-lacZ mammary gland provided a significantly enriched (70%) PR(+) mammary epithelial cell population that maintained lacZ expression in culture. Although, PR(+) and PR( - ) enriched mammary epithelial cell populations were transplanted into mammary fat pads, these host animals were lost to Tropical Storm 'Allison'; estimation of the regenerative potential of the above mammary epithelial cell populations will have to await the expansion of the PR-lacZ colony.

Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Transforming growth factor [beta]1 (TGF[beta]1) is a potent inhibitor of mammary epithelial proliferation. In human breast, estrogen receptor [alpha] (ER[alpha]) cells rarely co-localize with markers of proliferation, but their increased frequency correlates with breast cancer risk. To determine whether TGF[beta]1 is necessary for the quiescence of ER[alpha]-positive population, we examined mouse mammary epithelial gland at estrus. Approximately 35% of cells showed TGF[beta]1 activation, which co-localized with nuclear receptor-phosphorylated Smad 2/3, indicating that TGF[beta] signaling is autocrine. Furthermore, nuclear Smad co-localized with nuclear ER[alpha]. To test whether TGF[beta] was functional, we examined genetically engineered mice with different levels of TGF[beta]1. ER[alpha] co-localization with markers of proliferation (i.e. Ki-67 or BrdU) at estrus was significantly increased in the mammary glands of Tgf[beta]1 C57/bl/129SV heterozygote mice. This relationship was maintained following pregnancy, but was absent at puberty. Conversely, mammary epithelial expression of constitutively active TGF[beta]1 via the MMTV promoter suppressed proliferation of ER[alpha] positive cells. Thus, TGF[beta]1 activation functionally restrains ER[alpha] positive cells from proliferating in adult mammary gland. Accordingly, we propose that TGF[beta]1 dysregulation may promote proliferation of ER[alpha] positive cells associated with breast cancer risk in humans.

Author: Diana A. Sallam
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98

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Author: Sarah Jane Santos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cellular signal transduction
Languages : en
Pages : 282

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Author: Orla M. Conneely
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540734937
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 211

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Progestins play a key role in reproductive endocrinology and as pharmaceutical drugs for contraception and in combined hormone therapy. To further our understanding of progestin action in the mammary gland, an international symposium, attended by leading researchers from academia and industry, was held in Berlin, 21–23 March 2007. Genetic mouse models helped to elucidate the role of progestins, both in normal breast development and in disease. Mechanistic molecular studies inspired the design of new progestins with improved tissue selectivity. In addition, the clinical impact of progesterone receptor agonists and antagonists for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer was discussed.