Anaerobic Co-digestion of Dairy Manure with Canola Meal PDF Download
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Author: Eric Michieka Atandi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Canola meal as feed
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Author: Eric Michieka Atandi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Canola meal as feed
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Author: Esteban Manuel Zamudio Cañas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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The largest waste stream from agricultural livestock activity is manure. Efforts herein focus on the improvement of anaerobic digestion of animal wastes which creates a stable solid residue and recovers energy in the form of methane. Co-digestion of chicken litter (CL) and dairy manure (DM) was studied using stirred reactors at mesophilic temperature (35 °C) to evaluate the feasibility of co-digesting these two substrates by varying the organic loading rate (OLR) using increasing amounts of chicken litter. The results indicate that chicken litter and dairy manure can be successfully co-digested with chicken litter present at up to 33% of Volatile Solids (VS) in the feedstock (OLR 1.5("0.03) gVS L[subscript reactor] −1 day−1). Synergistic and/or antagonistic effects were not observed in terms of methane production. It was also found that reactors reach a dynamic stability 7 days after increasing the organic loading rate. While both total and free ammonia tolerance of the bioreactors solids improved by combining these two substrates, true adaptation was only observed for free ammonia which increased as the proportion of CL was increased. No improvement in pathogen indicator removal was detected. Other co-digestion experiments were performed in batch reactors using filtered dairy manure solids (FDMS), grease trap waste (GTW), and sawdust (S). Manure solids (0.417 and 0.842 mm) was present at up to 70% as VS in feedstock and increased total methane production by 114"2 %, but decreased efficiency (methane yield) by 59"14 %. Grease trap waste alone was difficult to degrade, but co-digestion improved efficiency and VS removal of dairy manure alone by 111"9 % and 76"4%, respectively, for all additions tested. In contrast, sawdust could not be degraded reducing efficiency in all additions tested. Finally, adaptation to different temperatures was evaluated in batch reactors. Microbial population could adapt to lower temperatures down to 19 °C with an acceptable decrease in methane production, but longer retention times were needed. At a 20 days retention time, methane production decreased by only 10% when the temperature decreased from 35 to 25 °C.
Author: Terrence Sauvé
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : University of Ottawa theses
Languages : en
Pages : 350
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Author: Sai Krishna Reddy Yadanaparthi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural wastes as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Dairy and potato are two important agricultural commodities in Idaho. Both the dairy and potato processing industries produce a huge amount of waste which could cause environmental pollution. To minimize the impact of potential pollution associated with dairy manure (DM) and potato waste (PW), anaerobic co-digestion has been considered as one of the best treatment process. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and potato waste in terms of process stability, biogas generation, construction and operating costs, and potential revenue. For this purpose, I conducted 1) a literature review, 2) a lab study on anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure and potato waste at three different temperature ranges (ambient (20-25°C), mesophilic (35-37°C) and thermophilic (55-57°C) with five mixing ratios (DM:PW-100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60), and 3) a financial analysis for anaerobic digesters based on assumed different capital costs and the results from the lab co-digestion study. The literature review indicates that several types of organic waste were co-digested with DM. Dairy manure is a suitable base matter for the co-digestion process in terms of digestion process stability and methane (CH4) production (Chapter 2). The lab tests showed that co-digestion of DM with PW was better than digestion of DM alone in terms of biogas and CH4 productions (Chapter 3). The financial analysis reveals DM and PW can be used as substrate for full size anaerobic digesters to generate positive cash flow within a ten year time period. Based on this research, the following conclusions and recommendations were made: The ratio of DM:PW-80:20 is recommended at thermophilic temperatures and the ratio of DM:PW-90:10 was recommended at mesophilic temperatures for optimum biogas and CH4 productions. In cases of anaerobic digesters operated with electricity generation equipment (generators), low cost plug flow digesters (capital cost of $600/cow) operating at thermophilic temperatures are recommended. The ratio of DM:PW-90:10 or 80:20 is recommended while operating low cost plug flow digesters at thermophilic temperatures. In cases of anaerobic digesters operated without electricity generation equipment (generators), completely mixed or high or low cost plug flow digesters can be used. The ratio of DM:PW-80:20 is recommended for completely mixed digesters operated at thermophilic temperatures. The ratio of DM:PW-90:10 or 80:20 is recommended for high cost plug flow digesters (capital cost of $1,000/cow) operated at thermophilic temperatures. All of the four co-digested mixing ratios (i.e. DM:PW-90:10 or 80:20 or 60:40 or 40:60) are good for low cost plug flow digesters (capital cost of $600/cow) operated at thermophilic temperatures. The ratio of DM:PW-90:10 is recommended for positive cash flow within the ten year period if the low cost plug flow digesters are operated at mesophilic temperatures.
Author: Nicholas Kennedy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural wastes as fuel
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
"The Anaerobic Digestion Systems Series provides research-based information to improve decision-making for incorporating, augmenting, and maintaining anaerobic digestion systems for manures and food by-products. This publication focuses on pre-consumer food wastes that can sustainably be used as substrates for co-digestion with dairy manure and increase the value of co-products. Topics covered include complementary and problematic substrates, the substrate procurement process, regulations, and solutions for co-digestion processing issues."--Abstract.
Author: Matthew J. Rankin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Animal waste
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
"Anaerobic digestion is a microbiological process that converts biodegradable organic material into biogas, consisting primarily of methane and carbon dioxide. Anaerobic digestion technologies have been integrated into wastewater treatment facilities nationwide for many decades to increase the economic viability of the treatment process by converting a waste stream into two valuable products: biogas and fertilizer. Thus, anaerobic digestion offers potential economic and environmental benefits of organic waste diversion and renewable energy generation. The use of biogas has many applications, including cogeneration, direct combustion, upgrading for conversion to feed a fuel cell, and compression for injection into the natural gas grid or for vehicular use. The potential benefits of waste diversion and renewable energy generation are now being realized by major organic waste generators in New York State, in particular the food manufacturing and dairy industries, thus warranting an analysis of the energy generation potential for these waste products. Anaerobic codigestion of dairy manure and food-based feedstocks reflects a cradle-to-cradle approach to organic waste management. Given both of their abundance throughout New York State, waste-to-energy processes represent promising waste management strategies. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the current technical and economic feasibility of anaerobically codigesting existing dairy manure and food manufacturing waste feedstocks in New York State to produce high quality biogas for renewable energy generation. The first element to determining the technical feasibility of anaerobic codigestion potential in New York State was to first understand the feedstock availability. A comprehensive survey of existing organic waste streams was conducted. The key objective was to identify the volume and composition of dairy manure and liquid-phase food manufacturing waste streams available in New York State to make codigestion of multiple feedstocks in centralized anaerobic codigestion facilities an economically attractive alternative to traditional waste disposal pathways (e.g. landfill and wastewater treatment facilities). A technical and environmental assessment of processing food manufacturing wastes and dairy manure for production of electricity via cogeneration, while dependent on biogas quantity and quality as well as the proximity of the waste generators to the centralized codigestion facility, suggests that a real possibility exists for integrating dairy operations with food manufacturing facilities, dependent on the values of the parameters indicated in this thesis. The results of the environmental analysis show that considerable electricity generation and greenhouse gas emissions reductions are possible, depending primarily on feedstock availability and proximity to the centralized anaerobic digester. The initial results are encouraging and future work is warranted for analyzing the site-specific technical and economic viability of codigesting dairy manure and food manufacturing wastes to produce high quality biogas for renewable energy generation in New York State."--Abstract.
Author: David I. Page
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anaerobic bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Author: Richard Paul Egg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cattle
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Abstract : Evaluations of the anaerobic treatment of sugarcane stillage and dairy manure in a low cost tubular digester were performed in small scale batch experiments and using mathematical simulations. A local sensitivity analysis of the model was performed, and key input parameters were adjusted until the predicted COD removal was consistent with data obtained using two full-scale digesters. Simulations were performed to evaluate COD removal and biogas production for nine different mixtures of stillage and manure at four different temperatures ranging from 15°C to 30°C. Digestion of stillage alone was not effective, but when codigested with 20% or more manure, COD removals of >80% and substantial biogas production were predicted. COD removal and biogas production increased with temperature. The batch experiments and model simulations suggest that codigestion of stillage and manure in a tubular anaerobic digester may reduce the environmental impacts of stillage disposal while producing valuable biogas and organic fertilizer.
Author: Hui Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an efficient waste processing option for livestock operations, as it produces renewable energy while reducing the environmental impact of animal waste. However, economic limitations and inefficient operation cause failures and prevent wide adoption of AD technology. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of operational factors and substrate additives on the performance of manure based anaerobic digesters. Results from the first chapter developed a mathematical equation relating density and TS content for both pre-digested and post-digested manure, providing a quick and simple method to estimate TS content. These equations could be used for pump selection, quick assessment for operational purposes, digester impacts, and models. Results from the second study showed that higher mixing speed (700 revolution per min) inhibited the biogas production rate, and longer mixing duration did not lead to higher methane production per unit of VS destroyed. The authors suggest mixing at low speeds in dairy manure ADs to prevents solids settling. The third chapter evaluated the impact of tannins on biogas production. Results shows that dietary tannin inhibited biogas production with increasing tannin additions. Total biogas production was reduced by 22% with 18 g kg-1 dietary tannin, while only 10% reduction resulted from feeding 4.5 g kg-1 dietary tannins. However, adding the same amount of tannin to the manure digester directly did not significantly reduce the biogas production. Results from the last study showed that wood additives did not have impact on methane production, but biochar that made from poplar wood chips reduced the H2S by 78%. Sulfate adsorption experiments suggested that the mechanism of removal was not likely to be sorption of the sulfate ion by biochar before it was converted to H2S by sulfur reducing bacteria. Biochar produced from 400°C and 700°C had no significant difference in adsorption capacity when used to remove H2S post production in the gas phase comparing with commercially available media, but biochars had a more rapid breakthrough time. Removal of H2S by biochar has the potential to reduce operating costs associated with AD systems and the biogas end use technologies.
