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Author: Liu, Guo
Publisher: University of Waterloo
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
UV disinfection performance was investigated under the influence of representative particle sources, including wastewater particles from secondary effluent in a wastewater treatment plant, river particles from surface water, floc particles from coagulated surface water, floc particles from coagulated process water in a drinking water treatment plant, and soil particles from runoff water (planned). Low-pressure (LP) and medium-pressure (MP) UV dose-response of spiked indicator bacteria E. coli was determined using a standard collimated beam apparatus with respect to different particle sources. Significant impacts of wastewater suspended solids (3.13~4.8 NTU) agree with the past studies on UV inactivation in secondary effluents. An average difference (statistical significance level of 5% or a=5%) of the log inactivation was 1.21 for LP dose and 1.18 for MP dose. In river water, the presence of surface water particles (12.0~32.4 NTU) had no influence on UV inactivation at all LP doses. However, when the floc particles were introduced through coagulation and flocculation, an average difference (a=5%) of the log inactivation was 1.25 for LP doses and 1.12 for MP doses in coagulated river water; an average difference (a=5%) of the log inactivation was 1.10 for LP doses in coagulated process water. Chlorination was compared in parallel with UV inactivation in terms of particulate impacts. However, even floc-associated E. coli were too sensitive to carry out the chlorination experiment in the laboratory, indicating that chlorine seems more effective than UV irradiation on inactivation of particle-associated microorganisms. In addition, a comprehensive particle analysis supported the experimental results relevant to this study.
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Author: Liu, Guo
Publisher: University of Waterloo
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
UV disinfection performance was investigated under the influence of representative particle sources, including wastewater particles from secondary effluent in a wastewater treatment plant, river particles from surface water, floc particles from coagulated surface water, floc particles from coagulated process water in a drinking water treatment plant, and soil particles from runoff water (planned). Low-pressure (LP) and medium-pressure (MP) UV dose-response of spiked indicator bacteria E. coli was determined using a standard collimated beam apparatus with respect to different particle sources. Significant impacts of wastewater suspended solids (3.13~4.8 NTU) agree with the past studies on UV inactivation in secondary effluents. An average difference (statistical significance level of 5% or a=5%) of the log inactivation was 1.21 for LP dose and 1.18 for MP dose. In river water, the presence of surface water particles (12.0~32.4 NTU) had no influence on UV inactivation at all LP doses. However, when the floc particles were introduced through coagulation and flocculation, an average difference (a=5%) of the log inactivation was 1.25 for LP doses and 1.12 for MP doses in coagulated river water; an average difference (a=5%) of the log inactivation was 1.10 for LP doses in coagulated process water. Chlorination was compared in parallel with UV inactivation in terms of particulate impacts. However, even floc-associated E. coli were too sensitive to carry out the chlorination experiment in the laboratory, indicating that chlorine seems more effective than UV irradiation on inactivation of particle-associated microorganisms. In addition, a comprehensive particle analysis supported the experimental results relevant to this study.
Author: Raymond Edward Joseph Cantwell
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494394007
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 624
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Book Description
When UV light is applied to disinfect drinking water, particles in the water can conceivably protect embedded microorganisms from disinfection. Earlier studies have investigated how turbidity and particles affect light scattering, and particle-associated protection of cultured microorganisms. Little attention has been devoted to the ability of natural particles in water supplies to protect indigenous microorganisms. This thesis focuses on humic-coating of bacteria, the optical properties of particles and particle-related protection of indigenous microorganisms. A bench-scale proof-of-concept study found that both commercial (AHA) and aquatic humic acid (Suwannee River natural organic matter) appears to coat the surface of cultured bacteria hindering the effectiveness of UV disinfection. Both AHA and Suwannee River NOM were found to offer statistically significant (alpha = 0.05) protection of both E. coli and B. subtilis at concentrations of 50 and 120 mg/L. The concentrations of humic matter used in the study (10 to 120 mg/L) exceed those commonly found in surface waters. The bulk LV254 absorbance by particulate material in 10 surface waters was found to be the same order of magnitude as particles from the secondary effluent of a municipal wastewater treatment facility. This implies that since wastewater particles can offer protection to embedded microorganisms from UV light, it is possible for surface water particles to offer similar protection, at least in terms of the optical properties of the particle material. Particle-related protection of indigenous coliforms in untreated surface water from 3 sources (turbidity from 0.8 to 5.4 NTU) was observed with protection attributed to particles> 11 microm. However, despite this protection, at least 2.5-log inactivation of indigenous coliform bacteria was observed in all waters considered. In another untreated surface water (up to 1.3 NTU), no strong evidence of protection of indigenous coliforms or aerobic spores was found. A final objective of this study was to use 14 months of hourly UVT data to evaluate the USEPA's Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidance Manual recommendations for UVT data collection and analysis for design of UV systems. In terms of sampling frequency, both hourly and daily (but not weekly) UVT data collection provided reliable data for UV reactor design.
Author: Abdelazim M. Negm
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319950711
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 535
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Book Description
This unique volume presents up-to-date information and the latest research findings on unconventional water resources in Egypt and their connections to agriculture. It investigates how to cope with the severe shortage of water and how to improve the irrigation system’s efficiency. The main aspects addressed include: · History of drainage and drainage projects in Egypt · Towards the integration of irrigation and drainage water · Assessment of drainage systems and environmental impact assessment of irrigation projects · Maximizing the reuse of agricultural drainage water and agricultural waste to improve irrigation efficiency · Developing alternative water resources, such as desalination, for greenhouses · Drainage water quality assessment, microbial hazards and improvement of green and cost-effective technologies for treatment of agricultural drainage water and wastewater for reuse in irrigation · Towards the sustainable reuse of water resources in Egypt · Options for securing water resources in Egypt, and challenges and opportunities for policy planners This book and the companion volume Conventional Water Resources and Agriculture in Egypt are vital resources for researchers, environmental managers and water policy planners – and for all those seeking information on wastewater reuse, green and cost-effective technologies for improving water quality.
Author: Willy J. Masschelein
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1351355708
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
Several general books are available on ultraviolet light and its applications. However, this is the first comprehensive monograph that deals with its application to water and wastewater treatment. There is a rapidly growing interest in using UV light in water sanitation due to the increased knowledge of the potential health and environmental impacts of disinfection byproducts. Ultraviolet Light in Water and Wastewater Sanitation integrates the fundamental physics applicable to water and wastewater sanitation, the engineering aspects, and the practical experience in the field. The text analyzes the concerns associated with this application of UV light and brings together comprehensive information on the presently available UV technologies applicable to water and wastewater treatment including: lamp technologies, criteria of evaluation and choice of technology; fundamental principles; performance criteria for disinfection; design criteria and methods; synergistic use of UV and oxidants (advanced oxidation); and functional requirements and potential advantages and drawbacks of the technique. Ultraviolet Light in Water and Wastewater Sanitation is the only treatise currently available combining fundamental knowledge, recommendations for design, evaluations of performance, and future prospects for this application. Water and wastewater treatment professionals, water utility employees, governmental regulators, and chemists will find this book an essential and unique reference for a technology which has received growing regulatory acceptance.
Author: M.N.V. Prasad
Publisher: Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN: 0081029772
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 490
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Book Description
Disinfection Byproducts in Drinking Water: Detection and Treatment presents cutting-edge research on how to understand the procedures, processes and considerations for detecting and treating disinfection by-products from drinking water, swimming pool water, and wastewater. The book begins with an overview of the different groups of Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs), such as: Trihalomethanes (THM), Halo acetic acids, and Haloacetonitrile (HAN). This coverage is quickly followed by a clear and rigorous exposition of the latest methods and technologies for the characterization, occurrence, formation, transformation and removal of DBPs in drinking water. Other chapters focus on ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, electron spin resonance, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Researchers will find a valuable resource to a breath of topics for DBP detection and treatment, including various recent techniques, such as microfiltration, nanofiltration membrane and nanotechnology. Explains the latest research in detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches Covers cutting-edge research, including membrane based technologies, nanotechnology treatment technologies and bioremediation treatment technologies Provides background information regarding contamination sources
Author: Gregory A. Snicer
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 1583210059
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Author: Michael Richard Templeton
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494157572
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Viruses are frequently attached onto or enmeshed within a variety of particles in natural waters and wastewaters, however relatively little is known about the impact of this viral particle-association on water treatment processes. This thesis focuses on the impact of particle-associated viruses on ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, a disinfectant currently gaining widespread popularity in the drinking water industry in North America. Particles smaller than 2 microns (mum) in diameter were shown to be large enough to enmesh and protect bacteriophages MS2 and T4 (model viruses) from UV light. This is smaller than the minimum particle size of 7-10 mum for the shielding of coliform bacteria from the UV disinfection of wastewater reported by earlier studies. In addition, particulate chemical composition, specifically UV-absorbing content such as organic or iron compounds, was a critical factor in the survival of particle-associated bacteriophage exposed to UV light. Particles such as humic acid floc, activated sludge floc, and iron precipitate particles were observed to protect attached phage from UV light. Dual-media filtration, which often precedes UV disinfection in surface water treatment, was shown to be an effective means of reducing the number of particle-associated phage. The breakthrough of particle-associated phage through an anthracite-sand filter was highest during periods of increased particle breakthrough (i.e. filter effluent turbidity> 0.3 NTU), especially at the end of the filter cycle. UV disinfection of phage in the filter effluent was negatively impacted during the end of filter cycle breakthrough conditions in some cases. In addition, it was observed that un-filterable humic acid particles smaller than 0.45 mum and/or humic acid coating of bacteriophage surfaces may have UV-protective effects. The research findings also re-emphasize that viral disinfection studies should account for particle-associated viruses using techniques such as the physico-chemical blending method that was used in this research, since failure to do so can result in significant underestimation of the true virus concentrations. Further, multiple viral surrogates should be used in experimental studies whenever possible, since viruses vary significantly in their sizes, shapes, and surface charges, all of which can influence the adsorption of viruses to particles.
Author: Erin D. Mackey
Publisher: American Water Works Association
ISBN: 1583211748
Category : Cryptosporidium
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
This study evaluates long-term performance and feasibility of UV disinfection and develops criteria for selecting technology designed to prevent against Cryptosporidium . Chapters provide background information, describe the materials and methods used, discuss the inactivations of microorganisms by
Author: Science Applications International Corporation
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Author: National Water Research Institute (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Water
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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