Author: Alan M. Hultquist
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 1846427711
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 97
Book Description
Praise for What is Dyslexia?: '...informative, based on the latest research and compassionate - three qualities that make this a must read for parents and children struggling with dyslexia.' - Paul M. Quinlan, Ph.D. from The Curtis Blake Center Praise for An Introduction to Dyslexia for Parents and Professionals by the same author: 'Hultquist writes in such measured, clear and uncluttered prose that no one can take the journey from diagnosis to remediation without feeling that one is in the hands of someone who really understands the issues surrounding a dyslexia diagnosis, not only for the one diagnosed but also for the whole family and the professionals working with them.' - Dyslexia Contact, Vol. 26, Feb 2007 What is Dyslexia? is designed to help adults explain dyslexia to children. The author provides information about all the most common types of dyslexia: trouble with sounds, trouble remembering how letters and words look, trouble finding words, and mixed dyslexia. He deals with the basic facts and adopts a style which is accessible to children without talking down to them. The book includes clear examples which children will be able to understand, as well as activities for parents to do with their children. The author emphasises that everyone has strengths and weaknesses and that having dyslexia is okay. This book will be valuable for parents of children with dyslexia, as well as other adults working with children with dyslexia.
What is Dyslexia?
Author: Alan M. Hultquist
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 1846427711
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 97
Book Description
Praise for What is Dyslexia?: '...informative, based on the latest research and compassionate - three qualities that make this a must read for parents and children struggling with dyslexia.' - Paul M. Quinlan, Ph.D. from The Curtis Blake Center Praise for An Introduction to Dyslexia for Parents and Professionals by the same author: 'Hultquist writes in such measured, clear and uncluttered prose that no one can take the journey from diagnosis to remediation without feeling that one is in the hands of someone who really understands the issues surrounding a dyslexia diagnosis, not only for the one diagnosed but also for the whole family and the professionals working with them.' - Dyslexia Contact, Vol. 26, Feb 2007 What is Dyslexia? is designed to help adults explain dyslexia to children. The author provides information about all the most common types of dyslexia: trouble with sounds, trouble remembering how letters and words look, trouble finding words, and mixed dyslexia. He deals with the basic facts and adopts a style which is accessible to children without talking down to them. The book includes clear examples which children will be able to understand, as well as activities for parents to do with their children. The author emphasises that everyone has strengths and weaknesses and that having dyslexia is okay. This book will be valuable for parents of children with dyslexia, as well as other adults working with children with dyslexia.
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 1846427711
Category : Family & Relationships
Languages : en
Pages : 97
Book Description
Praise for What is Dyslexia?: '...informative, based on the latest research and compassionate - three qualities that make this a must read for parents and children struggling with dyslexia.' - Paul M. Quinlan, Ph.D. from The Curtis Blake Center Praise for An Introduction to Dyslexia for Parents and Professionals by the same author: 'Hultquist writes in such measured, clear and uncluttered prose that no one can take the journey from diagnosis to remediation without feeling that one is in the hands of someone who really understands the issues surrounding a dyslexia diagnosis, not only for the one diagnosed but also for the whole family and the professionals working with them.' - Dyslexia Contact, Vol. 26, Feb 2007 What is Dyslexia? is designed to help adults explain dyslexia to children. The author provides information about all the most common types of dyslexia: trouble with sounds, trouble remembering how letters and words look, trouble finding words, and mixed dyslexia. He deals with the basic facts and adopts a style which is accessible to children without talking down to them. The book includes clear examples which children will be able to understand, as well as activities for parents to do with their children. The author emphasises that everyone has strengths and weaknesses and that having dyslexia is okay. This book will be valuable for parents of children with dyslexia, as well as other adults working with children with dyslexia.
An Introduction to Dyslexia for Parents and Professionals
Author: Alan M. Hultquist
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 184310833X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 111
Book Description
Provides basic information for parents and professionals about dyslexia. The book has a strong US focus.
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 184310833X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 111
Book Description
Provides basic information for parents and professionals about dyslexia. The book has a strong US focus.
The Gift of Learning
Author: Ronald D. Davis
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 9780399528095
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 388
Book Description
Using the proven methods he developed to overcome dyslexia, Ron Davis adapts those techniques to help sufferers triumph over a variety of common learning disabilities, including: •Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) •ADHD (the hyperactive variety) •Math deficiency (dyscalculia and acalculia) •Handwriting problems (dysgraphia and agraphia) Outlining clear instructions, the author demonstrates that through a series of mental and physical exercises called "Orientation Counseling" and learning tools called "Symbol Mastery," those struggling with these conditions can now learn how to correct them, embrace their gift, and enjoy learning.
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 9780399528095
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 388
Book Description
Using the proven methods he developed to overcome dyslexia, Ron Davis adapts those techniques to help sufferers triumph over a variety of common learning disabilities, including: •Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) •ADHD (the hyperactive variety) •Math deficiency (dyscalculia and acalculia) •Handwriting problems (dysgraphia and agraphia) Outlining clear instructions, the author demonstrates that through a series of mental and physical exercises called "Orientation Counseling" and learning tools called "Symbol Mastery," those struggling with these conditions can now learn how to correct them, embrace their gift, and enjoy learning.
The Dyslexia Empowerment Plan
Author: Ben Foss
Publisher: Ballantine Books
ISBN: 0345541251
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 338
Book Description
Finally, a groundbreaking book that reveals what your dyslexic child is experiencing—and what you can do so that he or she will thrive More than thirty million people in the United States are dyslexic—a brain-based genetic trait, often labeled as a “learning disability” or “learning difference,” that makes interpreting text and reading difficult. Yet even though children with dyslexia may have trouble reading, they don’t have any problems learning; dyslexia has nothing to do with a lack of intellect. While other books tell you what dyslexia is, this book tells you what to do. Dyslexics’ innate skills, which may include verbal, social, spatial, kinesthetic, visual, mathematical, or musical abilities, are their unique key to acquiring knowledge. Figuring out where their individual strengths lie, and then harnessing these skills, offers an entrée into learning and excelling. And by keeping the focus on learning, not on standard reading the same way everyone else does, a child with dyslexia can and will develop the self-confidence to flourish in the classroom and beyond. After years of battling with a school system that did not understand his dyslexia and the shame that accompanied it, renowned activist and entrepreneur Ben Foss is not only open about his dyslexia, he is proud of it. In The Dyslexia Empowerment Plan he shares his personal triumphs and failures so that you can learn from his experiences, and provides a three-step approach for success: • Identify your child’s profile: By mapping your child’s strengths and weaknesses and assisting her to better understand who she is, you can help your child move away from shame and feelings of inadequacy and move toward creating a powerful program for learning. • Help your child help himself: Coach your child to become his own best advocate by developing resiliency, confidence, and self-awareness, and focusing on achievable goals in areas that matter most to him. • Create community: Dyslexic children are not broken, but too often the system designed to educate them is. Dare to change your school so that your child has the resources to thrive. Understanding your rights and finding allies will make you and your child feel connected and no longer alone. Packed with practical ideas and strategies dyslexic children need for excelling in school and in life, this empowering guide provides the framework for charting a future for your child that is bright with hope and unlimited potential. Praise for The Dyslexia Empowerment Plan “A passionate and well-articulated guide . . . This extremely practical and motivational book will be welcomed by parents of dyslexic children.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review) “Accessible and reassuring.”—Library Journal “This step-by-step guide will become a go-to resource for parents.”—James H. Wendorf, executive director, National Center for Learning Disabilities “I study dyslexia in the lab and am a parent of a wonderful daughter who fits this profile. Ben Foss’s book should be considered essential to any collection on the subject. It was extremely useful, especially for a mom.”—Maria Luisa Gorno Tempini, M.D., Ph.D., professor of neurology, UCSF, Memory and Aging Center “As someone with a learning profile that made school tough, and as a parent, I know kids need the right support. Ben Foss knows how to get access to education because he’s been through it. I was thrilled to read this book. It offers a wise collection of insights that are both practical and touching.”—James Gandolfini, actor, The Sopranos
Publisher: Ballantine Books
ISBN: 0345541251
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 338
Book Description
Finally, a groundbreaking book that reveals what your dyslexic child is experiencing—and what you can do so that he or she will thrive More than thirty million people in the United States are dyslexic—a brain-based genetic trait, often labeled as a “learning disability” or “learning difference,” that makes interpreting text and reading difficult. Yet even though children with dyslexia may have trouble reading, they don’t have any problems learning; dyslexia has nothing to do with a lack of intellect. While other books tell you what dyslexia is, this book tells you what to do. Dyslexics’ innate skills, which may include verbal, social, spatial, kinesthetic, visual, mathematical, or musical abilities, are their unique key to acquiring knowledge. Figuring out where their individual strengths lie, and then harnessing these skills, offers an entrée into learning and excelling. And by keeping the focus on learning, not on standard reading the same way everyone else does, a child with dyslexia can and will develop the self-confidence to flourish in the classroom and beyond. After years of battling with a school system that did not understand his dyslexia and the shame that accompanied it, renowned activist and entrepreneur Ben Foss is not only open about his dyslexia, he is proud of it. In The Dyslexia Empowerment Plan he shares his personal triumphs and failures so that you can learn from his experiences, and provides a three-step approach for success: • Identify your child’s profile: By mapping your child’s strengths and weaknesses and assisting her to better understand who she is, you can help your child move away from shame and feelings of inadequacy and move toward creating a powerful program for learning. • Help your child help himself: Coach your child to become his own best advocate by developing resiliency, confidence, and self-awareness, and focusing on achievable goals in areas that matter most to him. • Create community: Dyslexic children are not broken, but too often the system designed to educate them is. Dare to change your school so that your child has the resources to thrive. Understanding your rights and finding allies will make you and your child feel connected and no longer alone. Packed with practical ideas and strategies dyslexic children need for excelling in school and in life, this empowering guide provides the framework for charting a future for your child that is bright with hope and unlimited potential. Praise for The Dyslexia Empowerment Plan “A passionate and well-articulated guide . . . This extremely practical and motivational book will be welcomed by parents of dyslexic children.”—Publishers Weekly (starred review) “Accessible and reassuring.”—Library Journal “This step-by-step guide will become a go-to resource for parents.”—James H. Wendorf, executive director, National Center for Learning Disabilities “I study dyslexia in the lab and am a parent of a wonderful daughter who fits this profile. Ben Foss’s book should be considered essential to any collection on the subject. It was extremely useful, especially for a mom.”—Maria Luisa Gorno Tempini, M.D., Ph.D., professor of neurology, UCSF, Memory and Aging Center “As someone with a learning profile that made school tough, and as a parent, I know kids need the right support. Ben Foss knows how to get access to education because he’s been through it. I was thrilled to read this book. It offers a wise collection of insights that are both practical and touching.”—James Gandolfini, actor, The Sopranos
Dyslexia Defused
Author: Nickie Simonetti
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1475863101
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 183
Book Description
For students who struggle with learning to read, time is of the essence. Dyslexia Defused: Reading Struggles and Reading Solutions offers an effective and efficient instructional plan to expedite mastery. Supplementing the strongest elements of research-based programs, the original strategies readily apply to all levels of reading instruction (developmental, corrective, remedial, and adult literacy). The novel and concise techniques address all task components: phonics, decoding, sight vocabulary, oral reading, fluency, contextual analysis, and comprehension. Furthermore, contributing factors that delay reading mastery and are most often overlooked in current reading programs are identified and treated. Finally, this book underscores the social and emotional impact of reading failure on the child and those who support him or her.
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1475863101
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 183
Book Description
For students who struggle with learning to read, time is of the essence. Dyslexia Defused: Reading Struggles and Reading Solutions offers an effective and efficient instructional plan to expedite mastery. Supplementing the strongest elements of research-based programs, the original strategies readily apply to all levels of reading instruction (developmental, corrective, remedial, and adult literacy). The novel and concise techniques address all task components: phonics, decoding, sight vocabulary, oral reading, fluency, contextual analysis, and comprehension. Furthermore, contributing factors that delay reading mastery and are most often overlooked in current reading programs are identified and treated. Finally, this book underscores the social and emotional impact of reading failure on the child and those who support him or her.
Move Forward with Dyslexia!
Author: Sjan Verhoeven
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781514668610
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 376
Book Description
This is a self-help book for dyslexic (young) adults, but it is also beneficial for parents of dyslexic children and professionals who counsel dyslexics. That dyslexics have a big problem with language is often all too obvious. Language is a predominant given in our society and determines almost all of our interactions with each other. If someone is not so good at automating language, this frequently results in uncertainty and tension. That is exactly why, when dyslexics learn to read and write, they develop fear of failure in the form of performance drive or procrastination at a rather young age. "Move forward with dyslexia" has been written for and about adults with dyslexia. The authors take a stand against the belief that dyslexia is a disorder. Dyslexia is largely due to a different way of thinking, which is called conceptual thinking in this book. It is that way of thinking that forms the basis for being successful and developing your own way of working in your studies or at work. With your own way of working it is possible to read faster, write better, communicate clearer and build bridges between conceptual thinkers and linear thinkers. The book gives the reader an understanding of what dyslexia is, what causes fear of failure and how these two phenomena go hand in hand. When the fear of failure is reduced, dyslexics also have less problems with their dyslexia. By perceiving dyslexia differently, dyslexics will be able to better accept their dyslexia and build a positive self-image. A positive self-image provides space and freedom in life and is a good foundation for having success. The book provides many stories and examples from dyslexics themselves to illustrate the authors findings, the latest scientific insights and all kind of alternative strategies to work and live more efficiently. Dyslexic readers on the Dutch edition: "For me as a dyslexic a feast of recognition! This book has given me more understanding for both myself as for the non-dyslexic other." Security coordinator, 38 years. "This book is easy to read, analytical, but also practical, and above all very positive. It is solution oriented and gives a lot of tools to help my dyslexic son." A mother, 46 years. "Wow, this is a book I would like to have read years earlier!" Anonymous on internet. "The book has shaken me completely from head to toe. After reading I felt that my mind calmed down. If I had read this book 40 years before, I could have done my work with much less energy wastage." Entrepreneur, 66 years. "This is the only non dusty book about dyslexia." Student, 23 years. Dutch Magazine for Remedial Teaching: "Move forward with dyslexia! is in many ways not just another book on this subject, but provides a broader and different perspective on dyslexia and how to approach it. In ten chapters the book describes clearly how this approach can lead to dyslexics accepting their dyslexia more easily, preventing or reducing fear of failure and thus building a positive self-image. It explains how different work strategies can help and how they can be taught. The book is scientific in its approach, yet it is still easy to read and orientated towards solutions."
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781514668610
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 376
Book Description
This is a self-help book for dyslexic (young) adults, but it is also beneficial for parents of dyslexic children and professionals who counsel dyslexics. That dyslexics have a big problem with language is often all too obvious. Language is a predominant given in our society and determines almost all of our interactions with each other. If someone is not so good at automating language, this frequently results in uncertainty and tension. That is exactly why, when dyslexics learn to read and write, they develop fear of failure in the form of performance drive or procrastination at a rather young age. "Move forward with dyslexia" has been written for and about adults with dyslexia. The authors take a stand against the belief that dyslexia is a disorder. Dyslexia is largely due to a different way of thinking, which is called conceptual thinking in this book. It is that way of thinking that forms the basis for being successful and developing your own way of working in your studies or at work. With your own way of working it is possible to read faster, write better, communicate clearer and build bridges between conceptual thinkers and linear thinkers. The book gives the reader an understanding of what dyslexia is, what causes fear of failure and how these two phenomena go hand in hand. When the fear of failure is reduced, dyslexics also have less problems with their dyslexia. By perceiving dyslexia differently, dyslexics will be able to better accept their dyslexia and build a positive self-image. A positive self-image provides space and freedom in life and is a good foundation for having success. The book provides many stories and examples from dyslexics themselves to illustrate the authors findings, the latest scientific insights and all kind of alternative strategies to work and live more efficiently. Dyslexic readers on the Dutch edition: "For me as a dyslexic a feast of recognition! This book has given me more understanding for both myself as for the non-dyslexic other." Security coordinator, 38 years. "This book is easy to read, analytical, but also practical, and above all very positive. It is solution oriented and gives a lot of tools to help my dyslexic son." A mother, 46 years. "Wow, this is a book I would like to have read years earlier!" Anonymous on internet. "The book has shaken me completely from head to toe. After reading I felt that my mind calmed down. If I had read this book 40 years before, I could have done my work with much less energy wastage." Entrepreneur, 66 years. "This is the only non dusty book about dyslexia." Student, 23 years. Dutch Magazine for Remedial Teaching: "Move forward with dyslexia! is in many ways not just another book on this subject, but provides a broader and different perspective on dyslexia and how to approach it. In ten chapters the book describes clearly how this approach can lead to dyslexics accepting their dyslexia more easily, preventing or reducing fear of failure and thus building a positive self-image. It explains how different work strategies can help and how they can be taught. The book is scientific in its approach, yet it is still easy to read and orientated towards solutions."
An Introduction to Dyslexia for Parents and Professionals
Author: Alan M. Hultquist
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 1846425271
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 111
Book Description
This book does exactly what it says on the tin! Hultquist deals with the causes, types and sub types of dyslexia. He explains how dyslexia is diagnosed and remediated and gives appendices on agencies, resources and practical classroom strategies. I would highly recommend this book to parents who have just received a dyslexia diagnosis in the family, to professionals working with those with dyslexia and to specialist teachers to have as a handy reference/refresher tool. For all these audiences, Hultquist writes in such measured, clear and uncluttered prose that no one can take the journey from diagnosis to remediation without feeling that one is in the hands of someone who really understands the issues surrounding a dyslexia diagnosis, not only for the one diagnosed but also for the whole family and the professionals working with them.' - Dyslexia Contact 'This short, to - the- point book is an absolute "must buy" for any parent with a child with dyslexia, or any teacher with a child with dyslexia in her class. I asked a parent of a child with dyslexia to read this book and give me an honest opinion. Her reply is as good a recommendation as any review I can write: "I could see my son straight away. I now understand why he has particular reading and writing difficulties. I hope his teacher reads this book and is able to take note of this author's advice.".' - Special Children Magazine 'This is only a short book, but it is a model of consciousness and clarity. It covers much ground and should fulfill its purpose as an introduction for both parents and teachers who wish to increase their understanding of dyslexia.' -The School Librarian Journal This practical guide provides basic need-to-know information for parents and professionals and answers frequently asked questions about dyslexia. Using illustrative case studies, Alan M. Hultquist addresses many of the issues surrounding dyslexia, including possible causes and subtypes, means of testing, remediation and the controversial matter of "staying back" to repeat a school year. He identifies possible methods of classroom accommodation for dyslexic students in a range of subject areas. The list of useful resources at the back of the book can be used by parents and professionals to help explain dyslexia to children, and to help them find further information and teaching tools. This complete introductory guide to dyslexia is a must-read for parents of children with dyslexia, especially parents with children who are newly diagnosed, and for all those who work with dyslexic children and their families.
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 1846425271
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 111
Book Description
This book does exactly what it says on the tin! Hultquist deals with the causes, types and sub types of dyslexia. He explains how dyslexia is diagnosed and remediated and gives appendices on agencies, resources and practical classroom strategies. I would highly recommend this book to parents who have just received a dyslexia diagnosis in the family, to professionals working with those with dyslexia and to specialist teachers to have as a handy reference/refresher tool. For all these audiences, Hultquist writes in such measured, clear and uncluttered prose that no one can take the journey from diagnosis to remediation without feeling that one is in the hands of someone who really understands the issues surrounding a dyslexia diagnosis, not only for the one diagnosed but also for the whole family and the professionals working with them.' - Dyslexia Contact 'This short, to - the- point book is an absolute "must buy" for any parent with a child with dyslexia, or any teacher with a child with dyslexia in her class. I asked a parent of a child with dyslexia to read this book and give me an honest opinion. Her reply is as good a recommendation as any review I can write: "I could see my son straight away. I now understand why he has particular reading and writing difficulties. I hope his teacher reads this book and is able to take note of this author's advice.".' - Special Children Magazine 'This is only a short book, but it is a model of consciousness and clarity. It covers much ground and should fulfill its purpose as an introduction for both parents and teachers who wish to increase their understanding of dyslexia.' -The School Librarian Journal This practical guide provides basic need-to-know information for parents and professionals and answers frequently asked questions about dyslexia. Using illustrative case studies, Alan M. Hultquist addresses many of the issues surrounding dyslexia, including possible causes and subtypes, means of testing, remediation and the controversial matter of "staying back" to repeat a school year. He identifies possible methods of classroom accommodation for dyslexic students in a range of subject areas. The list of useful resources at the back of the book can be used by parents and professionals to help explain dyslexia to children, and to help them find further information and teaching tools. This complete introductory guide to dyslexia is a must-read for parents of children with dyslexia, especially parents with children who are newly diagnosed, and for all those who work with dyslexic children and their families.
The Dyslexia Debate
Author: Julian G. Elliott
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521119863
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 295
Book Description
An examination of how we use the term 'dyslexia' and how this may undermine aid for struggling readers.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521119863
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 295
Book Description
An examination of how we use the term 'dyslexia' and how this may undermine aid for struggling readers.
Understanding Dyslexia and Other Learning Disabilities
Author: Linda Siegel
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781926966298
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 295
Book Description
In this accessibly written book, Linda Siegel challenges the use of complex and time-consuming testing that is currently used to diagnose learning disabilities. In their place, she outlines simple and pragmatic techniques for testing for disabilities in reading, mathematics, spelling, and writing.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781926966298
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 295
Book Description
In this accessibly written book, Linda Siegel challenges the use of complex and time-consuming testing that is currently used to diagnose learning disabilities. In their place, she outlines simple and pragmatic techniques for testing for disabilities in reading, mathematics, spelling, and writing.
Dyslexia and Spelling
Author: Kelli Sandman-Hurley
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 1784507601
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 130
Book Description
Written by an authority in the dyslexia field, this is the first accessible guide to the close interplay of spelling and dyslexia. Kelli Sandman-Hurley talks the teacher or parent through why kids with dyslexia find spelling so hard, and what we can learn from the spelling mistakes in their writing samples. Introducing key terminology around morphemes (smallest unit of meaning in words) and phonemes (smallest contrastive units in language) in an accessible and clear way, Sandman-Hurley goes on to explain how we can identify, and learn from, kids' spelling miscues, and use them to further inform our teaching and instruction. Shedding much-needed light on an under-explored tool for classroom or home learning, Dyslexia and Spelling is essential reading for teachers and parents alike.
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN: 1784507601
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 130
Book Description
Written by an authority in the dyslexia field, this is the first accessible guide to the close interplay of spelling and dyslexia. Kelli Sandman-Hurley talks the teacher or parent through why kids with dyslexia find spelling so hard, and what we can learn from the spelling mistakes in their writing samples. Introducing key terminology around morphemes (smallest unit of meaning in words) and phonemes (smallest contrastive units in language) in an accessible and clear way, Sandman-Hurley goes on to explain how we can identify, and learn from, kids' spelling miscues, and use them to further inform our teaching and instruction. Shedding much-needed light on an under-explored tool for classroom or home learning, Dyslexia and Spelling is essential reading for teachers and parents alike.