An Evaluation of Diet, Energy Expenditure, Exercise Training, Menstruation, and Bone Among Female Adolescent Endurance Runners PDF Download
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Author: Michelle Theresa Barrack
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109661507
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
If genetic and behavioral factors do not allow for normal accrual during the adolescent years, lifetime low bone mass may ensue. Observational studies target female young adult endurance runners as a population at risk of developing low bone mass however, few studies have evaluated adolescent runners. Therefore over the course of three studies, female adolescent endurance runners' bone mineral accrual patterns well as behavioral factors associated with bone turnover and bone mass change were evaluated. The first study compared cross-sectional bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and BMD Z-score values between 93 endurance runners and 90 non-endurance runner competitive adolescent athletes categorized into four age groups (13-14y, 15y, 16y, and 17-18y). Non-endurance runner athletes exhibited a normal accrual pattern, as those age 17-18y compared to 13-14y exhibited significantly higher total body and lumbar spine BMD and BMC values. However, total body, total hip, and lumbar spine BMD and BMC values were not significantly different between runners in the younger compared to older age groups. The second study was a 3-year follow-up evaluation of 40 female adolescent runners that had completed initial measures during the Fall 2004 cross-country season. Approximately 90% of runners with low bone mass at baseline had low bone mass at the follow-up. Change in BMI and lean tissue mass, age at menarche, and the total number of menses girls had between baseline and follow-up emerged as positive predictors of BMC change, while chronological age, years with primary or secondary amenorrhea, total miles run between baseline and follow-up, and baseline weight concern values were negative predictors. The third study followed 40 additional female adolescent runners over a 7-day period to evaluate dietary intake, energy expenditure, and their relationship with bone turnover. Runners with abnormal bone turnover had a significantly lower energy intake and a higher prevalence of menstrual irregularity and low bone mass than those with normal turnover. These findings indicate that female runners may represent a population at risk of accruing inadequate bone mineral during adolescence, an outcome that appears related to factors consistent with a chronic energy deficit.
Author: Michelle Theresa Barrack
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109661507
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
If genetic and behavioral factors do not allow for normal accrual during the adolescent years, lifetime low bone mass may ensue. Observational studies target female young adult endurance runners as a population at risk of developing low bone mass however, few studies have evaluated adolescent runners. Therefore over the course of three studies, female adolescent endurance runners' bone mineral accrual patterns well as behavioral factors associated with bone turnover and bone mass change were evaluated. The first study compared cross-sectional bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), and BMD Z-score values between 93 endurance runners and 90 non-endurance runner competitive adolescent athletes categorized into four age groups (13-14y, 15y, 16y, and 17-18y). Non-endurance runner athletes exhibited a normal accrual pattern, as those age 17-18y compared to 13-14y exhibited significantly higher total body and lumbar spine BMD and BMC values. However, total body, total hip, and lumbar spine BMD and BMC values were not significantly different between runners in the younger compared to older age groups. The second study was a 3-year follow-up evaluation of 40 female adolescent runners that had completed initial measures during the Fall 2004 cross-country season. Approximately 90% of runners with low bone mass at baseline had low bone mass at the follow-up. Change in BMI and lean tissue mass, age at menarche, and the total number of menses girls had between baseline and follow-up emerged as positive predictors of BMC change, while chronological age, years with primary or secondary amenorrhea, total miles run between baseline and follow-up, and baseline weight concern values were negative predictors. The third study followed 40 additional female adolescent runners over a 7-day period to evaluate dietary intake, energy expenditure, and their relationship with bone turnover. Runners with abnormal bone turnover had a significantly lower energy intake and a higher prevalence of menstrual irregularity and low bone mass than those with normal turnover. These findings indicate that female runners may represent a population at risk of accruing inadequate bone mineral during adolescence, an outcome that appears related to factors consistent with a chronic energy deficit.
Author: Catherine M. Gordon
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 148997525X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 187
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Book Description
This is the first book of its kind to focus solely on the female athlete triad - its origins, its recognition, and most importantly, its management. Since the symptoms themselves cover a range of medical specialties, chapters are written by experts in a number of relevant fields - sports medicine, orthopedics, endocrinology, and pediatrics - with an eye toward overall care of the young female athlete. Additionally, each chapter includes suggestions on how to educate and communicate with young athletes and their parents, as well as trainers and coaches, on how to manage the illness outside of the direct clinical setting. The female athlete triad is often seen in sports where low body weight is emphasized, such as gymnastics, figure skating, and running, though it can appear in any sport or activity. The interrelated symptoms - eating disorders, amenorrhea, and low bone mass - exist on a spectrum of severity and are serious and potentially life-threatening if not properly treated. Psychological problems, in addition to medical ones, are not uncommon. The Female Athlete Triad: A Clinical Guide discusses all of these areas for a well-rounded and in-depth approach to the phenomenon and will be a useful reference for any clinician working with female athletes across the lifespan.
Author: Kristen L. Wood
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781088349526
Category : Amenorrhea
Languages : en
Pages : 86
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Book Description
Abstract: Though components of the Female Athlete Triad were redefined, disordered eating patterns still pose a risk to energy status and health of female adolescent athletes. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between cognitive dietary restraint and energy availability, macro- and micronutrient intakes, food group intake, menstrual function, and bone density in female adolescent endurance runners (n=41, age 15.71 + 1.08 y). Independent-sample t-tests examined significant differences between those with elevated and non-elevated restraint. ANCOVA tested for significant differences in bone density between groups controlling for BMI. Linear regression examined relationships between restraint and diet intakes. Those with elevated restraint had significantly higher body weight (p=0.049), higher resting metabolic rate (p=0.042), higher daily energy expenditure (p=0.047), higher fiber intake (p=0.017), lower daily servings of grains (p=0.011), higher daily servings of fruits (p=0.005), and lower lumbar spine z-scores (p=0.032). Lumbar spine z-scores remained significantly lower after controlling for BMI (p=0.01). Restraint subscale score significantly predicted relative intakes of calories, carbohydrate, fiber, fat and daily servings of grains, fruits, vegetables, and sweets. These findings suggest there is an association between cognitive dietary restraint and certain measures of diet intake and Female Athlete Triad-related health in female adolescent endurance runners.
Author: S. Jean Emans
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 1975107454
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2131
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Book Description
Offering multidisciplinary guidance to all health care practitioners who provide clinical care for children and adolescents, the 7th Edition of Emans, Laufer, Goldstein’s Pediatric & Adolescent Gynecology has been extensively revised to keep you up to date in this complex field. You’ll find comprehensive coverage of the full spectrum of medical and surgical approaches to common and uncommon problems – everything from infants with vulvar rashes, to the child with early or late onset of puberty, to adolescents and young adults with ovarian cysts or STDs. More than 40 experts in the field, led by editors from Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, have contributed to ensure this classic text remains relevant and useful in daily practice.
Author: Lyle J. Micheli
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331956188X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 369
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Book Description
This reader-friendly book takes a practical approach to caring for the adolescent athlete. Logically organized by joint, the book identifies both chronic and acute injuries in addition to congenital conditions. It details fundamentals, including basic anatomy, joint examination, and patient history. Emphasis is placed on the recognition of injury patterns unique to adolescent athletes and tables are incorporated throughout to assist with diagnosis. This book also highlights return to play guidelines and includes summary pearls. Anatomical photos, x-rays, and MRI scans illustrate all key concepts.
Author: Katherine A. Beals
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439849390
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
Designed to address the nutritional needs of women over the age of 18 who partake in sports on a regular basis, Nutrition and the Female Athlete: From Research to Practice highlights nutritional concerns specific to active women. It discusses the link between nutrition and athletic performance and translates research into practical applications for
Author: Adam S. Tenforde, MD
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826144241
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 219
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Book Description
“This book gives a nice summary of the current state of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone stress injuries. It is particularly useful for sports medicine fellows and residents with an interest in athletes and active patients." ---Doody's Review Service, 3 stars Bone stress injuries are commonly seen in athletes and active individuals across a full spectrum of physical activity, age, and gender. While most overuse injuries can be addressed through non-operative care, injuries may progress to full fractures that require surgery if misdiagnosed or not correctly managed. Written by leaders in sports medicine including physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthopaedics, endocrinology and allied health professionals of biomechanics, physical therapy and dietetics, Bone Stress Injuries offers state-of-the-art guidelines and up-to-date science and terminology to practitioners. Using a holistic approach to understand the management of bone stress injuries, this book highlights specific considerations by injury, gender, and risk factor to ensure that a comprehensive treatment plan can be developed to optimize bone health, neuromuscular re-education, gait mechanics, and injury prevention. Organized into four parts, opening chapters cover the general need-to-know topics, including clinical history, imaging, and risk factors including biological and biomechanical factors. The book proceeds anatomically through the body from upper extremity to foot and ankle injuries, with each chapter underscoring diagnostic and treatment strategies specific to that region. Chapters dedicated to special populations discuss the differences in injury evaluation and management according to age, gender, and military background. Final chapters review the prevention of injuries and examine both common and novel treatment strategies, such as medications, nutrition, gait retraining, orthobiologics, and other interventions. Invaluable in its scope and approach, Bone Stress Injuries is the go-to resource for sports medicine physicians, physiatrists, and primary care providers who manage the care of athletes and individuals leading active lifestyles. Key Features: Promotes evidence-based practice for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of bone stress injuries Covers specific anatomy that is prone to bone stress injuries with dedicated chapters on upper and lower extremities, pelvis and hip, spine, and foot and ankle Considers evaluation and management differences according to specific populations of pediatric, male, female, and military personnel Discusses emerging strategies to treat bone stress injuries, such as gait retraining, orthobiologics, and other non-pharmacological treatments
Author: Claudio E. Kater
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889715841
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
Author: Doaa Osman
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783659705823
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
The female athlete triad (FAT) is a syndrome of three interrelated serious health disorders which include low energy availability with or without eating disorders, menstrual dysfunction and low bone mass. All female athletes are at risk for the triad or any of its components. However, FAT can also occur in non-athletic females who are not training or competing in a specific sport. Inadequate nutrition in combination with high caloric expenditure of sport training result in a sustained low energy availability which results in metabolic and hormonal disturbances such as menstrual irregularity and low bone mass. Early detection of FAT components is essential to prevent further development and worsening of the triad symptoms especially in adolescence because it is a critical period for optimizing bone mineral accrual. The physical therapists are an integral part of the interdisciplinary team that is involved in the care of female athletes. They have expertise in exercise metabolism, exercise prescription and sport biomechanics.Furthermore, the physical therapists bring additional expertise in the assessment and intervention of athletic and orthopedic injuries.
Author: Ken Green
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1134469934
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 612
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Book Description
The Routledge Handbook of Youth Sport is a comprehensive survey of the latest research into young people’s involvement in sport. Drawing on a wide diversity of disciplines, including sociology, psychology, policy studies, coaching, physical education and physiology, the book examines the importance of sport during a key transitional period of our lives, from the later teenage years into the early twenties, and therefore helps us develop a better understanding of the social construction of young people’s lives. The book covers youth sport in all its forms, from competitive game-contests and conventional sport to recreational activities, exercise and lifestyle sport, and at all levels, from elite competition to leisure time activities and school physical education. It explores youth sport across the world, in developing and developed countries, and touches on some of the most significant themes and issues in contemporary sport studies, including physical activity and health, lifelong participation, talent identification and development, and safeguarding and abuse. No other book brings together in one place such a breadth and depth of material on youth sport or the engagement of young people in physical activity. The Routledge Handbook of Youth Sport is therefore important reading for all advanced students, researchers, practitioners and policy-makers with an interest in youth sport, youth culture, sport studies or physical education.
