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Author: Christin Patzschke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 698
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Book Description
Adsorption-based methods, such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or vacuum swing adsorption (VSA), are promising for capturing CO2 from natural gas or flue gas. CO2 adsorbents take a variety of forms, but one approach is the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). These have attracted tremendous attention over the past decade due their porosity, high surface area, high pore volume, tuneable pore sizes and topologies. Previous studies on adsorbents of this type, such as CPO-27(Mg), HKUST-1, MOF-177 or MIL-101, have reported good CO2 adsorption capacities. Moreover, through introducing specific polar groups onto the organic linker or by grafting components onto coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS) of specific MOFs, increases in the CO2 affinity have been observed, particularly at low pressure. This project investigated the potential of MOFs for post-combustion carbon capture and high pressure separation processes. Two classes of MOFs were chosen:1)MOFs containing CUS, which allow further postsynthetic modification (PSM) by grafting/impregnating these materials with amines.2)Flexible MOFs, due to their good selectivities and high CO2 capacities.Enhanced CO2 capacities were sought by two approaches or a combination of both: (i) prefunctionalisation of MIL-53 and MIL-101 (where substituent groups are incorporated into the linker unit before MOF construction) and (ii) postsynthetic modification (PSM) of MIL-100 and MIL-101 (where substituents like ethylenediamine (ED), diethylenetriamine (DETA), 2nd generation polypropylenimine actamine dendrimer (DAB-AM-8) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) are added after MOF construction).
Author: Christin Patzschke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 698
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Book Description
Adsorption-based methods, such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA) or vacuum swing adsorption (VSA), are promising for capturing CO2 from natural gas or flue gas. CO2 adsorbents take a variety of forms, but one approach is the use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). These have attracted tremendous attention over the past decade due their porosity, high surface area, high pore volume, tuneable pore sizes and topologies. Previous studies on adsorbents of this type, such as CPO-27(Mg), HKUST-1, MOF-177 or MIL-101, have reported good CO2 adsorption capacities. Moreover, through introducing specific polar groups onto the organic linker or by grafting components onto coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUS) of specific MOFs, increases in the CO2 affinity have been observed, particularly at low pressure. This project investigated the potential of MOFs for post-combustion carbon capture and high pressure separation processes. Two classes of MOFs were chosen:1)MOFs containing CUS, which allow further postsynthetic modification (PSM) by grafting/impregnating these materials with amines.2)Flexible MOFs, due to their good selectivities and high CO2 capacities.Enhanced CO2 capacities were sought by two approaches or a combination of both: (i) prefunctionalisation of MIL-53 and MIL-101 (where substituent groups are incorporated into the linker unit before MOF construction) and (ii) postsynthetic modification (PSM) of MIL-100 and MIL-101 (where substituents like ethylenediamine (ED), diethylenetriamine (DETA), 2nd generation polypropylenimine actamine dendrimer (DAB-AM-8) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) are added after MOF construction).
Author: Thomas Michael McDonald
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 101
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Book Description
The work herein describes an investigation of metal-organic frameworks as adsorbents for selectively removing carbon dioxide (CO2) from low-pressure gas mixtures. Metal-organic frameworks are permanently porous, crystalline solid phase materials composed of organic molecules connected together by metal-based nodes into ordered structures. Generally exhibiting very high gravimetric surface areas, the pore surfaces of metal-organic frameworks can be rationally designed to allow for highly specific interactions between the adsorbent and guest species. Through chemical modifications of the pore surfaces, metal-organic frameworks were designed to adsorb CO2 over other small molecules. Chapter 1 begins with background information on carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and the role it can potentially play in slowing anthropogenic CO2 emissions. An analysis of desirable metal-organic frameworks properties is presented along with a summary of the most significant work in the field of developing new metal-organic frameworks as CO2 adsorbents. Finally, a summary of amine-functionalized solid adsorbents that have directly influenced the synthesis and characterization methods reported in this investigation is presented. Chapter 2 reports the synthesis and characterization of the metal-organic framework mmen-CuBTTri. At the time it was first synthesized, mmen-CuBTTri exhibited some of the best CO2 adsorption properties of any metal-organic framework, including the highest selectivity for CO2 over N2 yet measured. The sorbent was the first to demonstrate that aliphatic amines could significantly improve the CO2 adsorption properties of metal-organic frameworks with open metal sites. Furthermore, despite an enthalpy of CO2 adsorption of nearly -100 kJ/mol at zero coverage, it was shown that the sorbent could be effectively cycled with modest temperature swings. Chapter 3 reports the original synthesis and characterization of mmen-Mg2(dobpdc). Utilizing the same diamine as the sorbent in Chapter 2, it was demonstrated that the nature of metal-organic framework support, and not just the amine functional groups, affects the CO2 adsorption properties. In this case, the high density of amines within the pores resulted in a material that could effectively remove CO2 at very low concentrations; it was the first metal-organic framework studied for its ability to remove CO2 directly from air. Furthermore, mmen-Mg2(dobpdc) was the first amine-functionalized solid sorbent to exhibit steps in its pure component CO2 isotherm. Finally, it was shown that the adsorption properties of the material, especially the regeneration energy, make it competitive with aqueous amine solutions. Chapter 4 builds upon the work of Chapter 3. The adsorption mechanism of mmen-Mg2(dobpdc), which was studied by infrared spectroscopy, solid state NMR spectroscopy, and in situ powder X-ray diffraction measurements was revealed to be a previously unprecedented cooperative insertion mechanism. The origin of the unusual isotherm steps was revealed to be a phase transition of the amines attached to the pore surface. In Chapter 4, a method of controlling the position of isotherm steps is described. Finally, the superior carbon capture characteristics of phase change adsorbents are enumerated. Chapter 5 is a departure from the previous chapters and describes a simple and convenient method of utilizing a commercially available thermogravimetric analyzer to assess the porosity and activation conditions of metal-organic frameworks. The importance of identifying proper activation is discussed and a suggested protocol for researchers to use is given. Lastly, the ability of the method to improve the reported gas adsorption properties of the metal-organic framework Mn-BTT is reported.
Author: Jean Rouquerol
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080970362
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 647
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Book Description
The declared objective of this book is to provide an introductory review of the various theoretical and practical aspects of adsorption by powders and porous solids with particular reference to materials of technological importance. The primary aim is to meet the needs of students and non-specialists who are new to surface science or who wish to use the advanced techniques now available for the determination of surface area, pore size and surface characterization. In addition, a critical account is given of recent work on the adsorptive properties of activated carbons, oxides, clays and zeolites. - Provides a comprehensive treatment of adsorption at both the gas/solid interface and the liquid/solid interface - Includes chapters dealing with experimental methodology and the interpretation of adsorption data obtained with porous oxides, carbons and zeolites - Techniques capture the importance of heterogeneous catalysis, chemical engineering and the production of pigments, cements, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Author: Leonard R. MacGillivray
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118931580
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1210
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Book Description
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline compounds consisting of rigid organic molecules held together and organized by metal ions or clusters. Special interests in these materials arise from the fact that many are highly porous and can be used for storage of small molecules, for example H2 or CO2. Consequently, the materials are ideal candidates for a wide range of applications including gas storage, separation technologies and catalysis. Potential applications include the storage of hydrogen for fuel-cell cars, and the removal and storage of carbon dioxide in sustainable technical processes. MOFs offer the inorganic chemist and materials scientist a wide range of new synthetic possibilities and open the doors to new and exciting basic research. Metal-Organic Frameworks Materials provides a solid basis for the understanding of MOFs and insights into new inorganic materials structures and properties. The volume also reflects progress that has been made in recent years, presenting a wide range of new applications including state-of-the art developments in the promising technology for alternative fuels. The comprehensive volume investigates structures, symmetry, supramolecular chemistry, surface engineering, recognition, properties, and reactions. The content from this book will be added online to the Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry: http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/eibc
Author: David J. Fisher
Publisher: Materials Research Forum LLC
ISBN: 1644900858
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 140
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Book Description
Metal-Organic Framework Materials (MOFs) are well suited for absorbing carbon dioxide. MOFs can form highly-porous structures with great adsorption capacities. They also offer good catalytic properties and much research refers to the relationship between catalytic performance and framework structure. In addition to simple CO2 absorption, there are other interesting applications, such as the direct electrochemical reduction into useful chemicals and fuels, the conversion of CO2 into methanol, the electrochemical reduction of CO2, or electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution (thus boosting the ‘hydrogen economy’). The book references 295 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading. Keywords: Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide Capture, Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs, Adsorbents for CO2, Porous Solids, Catalytic Performance, Synthesis of MOFs, Conversion of CO2 into Methanol, Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution, Hydrogen Economy, Gas Adsorption, Gas Separation, Organic Ligands, Metal Ion Clusters.
Author: Dinara Andirova
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adsorption
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) belong to a class of crystalline materials where metal constituting building blocks are connected by organic ligands to form well-defined nanoporous structures. These materials exhibit uniform pores, extremely high surface area, and potential for chemical tunability rendering MOFs available for many applications such as gas storage and separations, drug delivery, and catalysis. In the first part of this work structural optimization of MOFs for practical CO2 capture processes have been studied. It has been reported that the adsorption properties of MOFs in practical CO2 capture tend to be harmed by the presence of moisture possibly due to the hydrophilic nature of the coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUSs) present within the frameworks. Here, the CUSs were functionalized with amine-containing molecules to prevent its structural degradation in a humid CO2 capture environment. Specifically, it was demonstrated that amine groups could be grafted on the metal sites of the magnesium dioxybenzenedicarboxylate (Mg/DOBDC) without changing the framework structure of the material. The amine modified framework showed better structural preservation and retained CO2 capture capacity after exposure to strident humid conditions. In the second part of this work, synthesis of layered metal organic frameworks was investigated. Layered materials are solids with strong in-plane chemical bonds and weak out-of-plane bonds,which are stacked to form 3D materials. Currently this field is expanding from layered clays, graphene, silicates to studies of layered MOF s. Here, a layered MOF where each layer is composed of cobalt-carboxylate building units connected via organic ligands of benzene 1,4-dicarboxylic acid was synthesized. The interlayer space provides the ability for introduction of additional ligands and simple post-synthesis interlayer ligand exchange with larger or smaller molecules. Such ligand introduction was performed using simple amine groups. It was found that crystalline materials could be generated with well-defined layers and addition of amine ligands might be exhibiting a templating role in the crystallization. This type of modification could open up chemistry of MOFs providing structures where both micropores and mesopores could exist and introduce a post-synthesis method of exchanging interlayer ligands therefore manipulating the gallery space between the layers. These layered MOF structures have a promising potential in CO2 selective separation from mixed gas streams. In the third part of the work, metal oxide nanoparticles were obtained utilizing structures of MOFs as precursor materials. It was found that crystalline cobalt oxide nanoparticles could be generated where particle size could be controlled with different calcination temperatures. The obtained nanoparticles also retained the original morphology of starting MOF crystals.
Author: Nithin Kundachira Subramani
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811687552
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Polymer-based advanced functional materials are one of most sought after products of this global high performance material demand as polymer-based materials guarantee both processing ease and mechanical flexibilities. This volume provides a comprehensive and updated review of major innovations in the field of polymer-based advanced functional materials which focuses on constructive knowledge on advanced multifunctional materials and their resultant techno-commercial applications. The contents aim at restricting the coverage to energy and environment related applications as the said two are the most emerging application domains of polymer-based advanced functional materials. It highlights the cutting-edge and recent research findings of polymer based advanced functional materials in energy and environment sectors wherein each chapter focuses on a specific energy and environment related application of polymer-based advanced functional materials, their preparation technique, nature enhancement achieved and allied factors. This volume would be of great interest to researchers, academicians and professionals, involved in polymers, chemistry, energy and environmental research, and other allied domains.
Author: Inamuddin
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030293378
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
This book presents materials and physical methods for carbon dioxide sequestration. Materials include nanosponges, titanium oxide/zeolite hybrids, classical absorbents, metal oxides, ionic liquids, alkaline soils and metal organic frameworks. Methods include cryogenic capture, adsorption, solvent dissolution and soil sequestration.
Author: Leonard R. MacGillivray
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111803516X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
Metal-organic frameworks represent a new class of materials that may solve the hydrogen storage problem associated with hydrogen-fueled vehicles. In this first definitive guide to metal-organic framework chemistry, author L. MacGillivray addresses state-of-art developments in this promising technology for alternative fuels. Providing professors, graduate and undergraduate students, structural chemists, physical chemists, and chemical engineers with a historical perspective, as well as the most up-to-date developments by leading experts, Metal-Organic Frameworks examines structure, symmetry, supramolecular chemistry, surface engineering, metal-organometallic frameworks, properties, and reactions.
Author: Moises A Carreon
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9813207728
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 376
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Book Description
This book aims at illustrating several examples of different membrane compositions ranging from inorganic, polymeric, metallic, metal organic framework, and composite which have been successfully deployed to separate industrially relevant gas mixtures including hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, olefins/parafins among others. Each book chapter highlights some of the current and key fundamental and technological challenges for these membranes that must be overcome in order to envision its application at industrial level.
