Altered Structure-function Relationships in Children Born Preterm and in Autism Spectrum Disorder PDF Download
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Author: Adonay Nunes Sastre
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 175
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Book Description
Sensation, perception, cognition and behavior depend on complex neural processes carried by the coordinated function of brain structures. This coordination is achieved through oscillatory activity and synchronization, and the main pathways can be captured with resting-state activity. Structural alterations might affect the functional coordination with other brain structures, and a structure-function approach can provide a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanism that characterizes human populations. This thesis will study altered structure-function relationships in Autism Spectrum Disorder and in children born preterm at school age. Functional activity is assessed with MEG or fMRI resting-state data and structural characteristics with MRI. Both populations present brain oscillatory and structural alterations related to the thalamic-cortical system. Recent evidence indicates that the development of brain networks connectivity is altered in ASD and in very preterm born children. Evidence remains scant, however, regarding the relationship between atypical brain network connectivity and altered structure-function relationships in these groups. In ASD, there is contradictory evidence on the nature of such alterations with some studies suggesting increased or decreased functional connectivity involving particular structural areas. In very preterm children, evidence regarding the overall nature of structure-function network alterations remains scarce. Both populations present structural alterations and atypical oscillatory activity, and this research will investigate how structure-function relationships in brain networks are altered in ASD and in very preterm children and their association with developmental difficulties. Specifically, in ASD it will be assessed the functional brain networks spatial maps variability and atypical structural developmental trajectories of cortical thickness, and in preterm, atypical oscillatory activity and synchrony, and altered thalamic structural measures.
Author: Adonay Nunes Sastre
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 175
Get Book Here
Book Description
Sensation, perception, cognition and behavior depend on complex neural processes carried by the coordinated function of brain structures. This coordination is achieved through oscillatory activity and synchronization, and the main pathways can be captured with resting-state activity. Structural alterations might affect the functional coordination with other brain structures, and a structure-function approach can provide a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanism that characterizes human populations. This thesis will study altered structure-function relationships in Autism Spectrum Disorder and in children born preterm at school age. Functional activity is assessed with MEG or fMRI resting-state data and structural characteristics with MRI. Both populations present brain oscillatory and structural alterations related to the thalamic-cortical system. Recent evidence indicates that the development of brain networks connectivity is altered in ASD and in very preterm born children. Evidence remains scant, however, regarding the relationship between atypical brain network connectivity and altered structure-function relationships in these groups. In ASD, there is contradictory evidence on the nature of such alterations with some studies suggesting increased or decreased functional connectivity involving particular structural areas. In very preterm children, evidence regarding the overall nature of structure-function network alterations remains scarce. Both populations present structural alterations and atypical oscillatory activity, and this research will investigate how structure-function relationships in brain networks are altered in ASD and in very preterm children and their association with developmental difficulties. Specifically, in ASD it will be assessed the functional brain networks spatial maps variability and atypical structural developmental trajectories of cortical thickness, and in preterm, atypical oscillatory activity and synchrony, and altered thalamic structural measures.
Author: Olivia Saracho
Publisher: IAP
ISBN: 1623965136
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 438
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Book Description
Over the last 35 years, studies focusing in young children’s knowledge about the mental world have developed into an important area. This body of social knowledge is called theory of mind, which refers to the individuals’ ability to interpret and anticipate the other individuals’ thinking, feeling, and behavior based on their interpretation of the situation. Many researchers and theorists believe that a representational theory of mind offers a basis for various critical facets of social-cognitive performance, such as teaching and learning, lying and pretending, making and keeping friends, and social learning more generally. The purpose of this volume is to share a collection of research strands on theory of mind research. It describes its historical roots and suggests improved alternatives. The focus of the volume is to provide a review and critical analysis of the literature on a contemporary domain of knowledge on young children’s Theory of Mind. For several decades scholarly research on theory of mind has been flourishing and a collection of new publication outlets have emerged such as the ones reviewed in the volume, which offers a thorough critical analysis of the research in contemporary perspectives on research in theory of mind in early childhood education. The researchers who conducted the critical analyses of the reseearch focused on understanding the mind in relation to (1) young children, (2) several assessment procedures, (3) metacognitive and neuroscientific processes, (3) emotion and educational representations, (4) interaction of social and cultural elements, and (5) inferences and future research directions. The work of these scholars can help guide those researchers who are interested in pursuing studies in early childhood theory of mind in a specific area of study.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030910159X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 791
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Book Description
The increasing prevalence of preterm birth in the United States is a complex public health problem that requires multifaceted solutions. Preterm birth is a cluster of problems with a set of overlapping factors of influence. Its causes may include individual-level behavioral and psychosocial factors, sociodemographic and neighborhood characteristics, environmental exposure, medical conditions, infertility treatments, and biological factors. Many of these factors co-occur, particularly in those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged or who are members of racial and ethnic minority groups. While advances in perinatal and neonatal care have improved survival for preterm infants, those infants who do survive have a greater risk than infants born at term for developmental disabilities, health problems, and poor growth. The birth of a preterm infant can also bring considerable emotional and economic costs to families and have implications for public-sector services, such as health insurance, educational, and other social support systems. Preterm Birth assesses the problem with respect to both its causes and outcomes. This book addresses the need for research involving clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science disciplines. By defining and addressing the health and economic consequences of premature birth, this book will be of particular interest to health care professionals, public health officials, policy makers, professional associations and clinical, basic, behavioral, and social science researchers.
Author: Joseph J. Volpe
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323508650
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 1526
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Book Description
A clear, engaging writing style, hundreds of full-color images, and new information throughout make Volpe’s Neurology of the Newborn, 6th Edition, an indispensable resource for those who provide care for neonates with neurological conditions. World authority Dr. Joseph Volpe, along with Dr. Terrie E. Inder and other distinguished editors, continue the unparalleled clarity and guidance you’ve come to expect from the leading reference in the field – keeping you up to date with today’s latest advances in diagnosis and management, as well as the many scientific and technological advances that are revolutionizing neonatal neurology. Features a brand new, full-color design with hundreds of new figures, tables, algorithms, and micrographs. Includes two entirely new chapters: Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up and Stroke in the Newborn; a new section on Neonatal Seizures; and an extensively expanded section on Hypoxic-Ischemia and Other Disorders. Showcases the experience and knowledge of a new editorial team, led by Dr. Joseph Volpe and Dr. Terrie E. Inder, Chair of the Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, all of whom bring a wealth of insight to this classic text. Offers comprehensive updates from cover to cover to reflect all of the latest information regarding the development of the neural tube; prosencephalic development; congenital hydrocephalus; cerebellar hemorrhage; neuromuscular disorders and genetic testing; and much more. Uses an improved organization to enhance navigation.
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309108810
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 358
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Book Description
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitute a major public health problem, affecting one in every 150 children and their families. Unfortunately, there is little understanding of the causes of ASD, and, despite their broad societal impact, many people believe that the overall research program for autism is incomplete, particularly as it relates to the role of environmental factors. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders, in response to a request from the U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services, hosted a workshop called "Autism and the Environment: Challenges and Opportunities for Research." The focus was on improving the understanding of the ways in which environmental factors such as chemicals, infectious agents, or physiological or psychological stress can affect the development of the brain. Autism and the Environment documents the concerted effort which brought together the key public and private stakeholders to discuss potential ways to improve the understanding of the ways that environmental factors may affect ASD. The presentations and discussions from the workshop that are described in this book identify a number of promising directions for research on the possible role of different environmental agents in the etiology of autism.
Author: David Belin
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889639916
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Author: Costanza Colombi
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832513816
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
Author: Trevor W. Robbins
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319339133
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 503
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Book Description
This book covers wide areas of animal and human psychopharmacology with clinical utility in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological (e.g Alzheimer's disease) disorders. The main theme is to develop a new paradigm for drug discovery that questions the claim that animal models or assays fail adequately to predict Phase 3 clinical trials. A new paradigm is advocated that stresses the importance of intermediate staging points between these extremes that depend on suitable translation of findings from animal studies to Phase 1 or Phase 2 studies utilising experimental medicine.
Author: Robert G. Voigt
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781581106862
Category : Child development
Languages : en
Pages : 590
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Book Description
All-new clinical resource for managing children with developmental and behavioral concerns. Developed by leading experts in developmental and behavioral pediatrics, the all-new AAP Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics gives one place to turn for expert recommendations to deliver, coordinate, and/or monitor quality developmental/behavioral care within the medical home. The one resource with all the essentials for pediatric primary care providers. Evaluation and care initiation: Interviewing and counseling, Surveillance and screening, Psychoeducational testing, Neurodevelopment.
Author: Paul Rea
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128020628
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
Essential Clinical Anatomy of the Nervous System is designed to combine the salient points of anatomy with typical pathologies affecting each of the major pathways that are directly applicable in the clinical environment. In addition, this book highlights the relevant clinical examinations to perform when examining a patient’s neurological system, to demonstrate pathology of a certain pathway or tract. Essential Clinical Anatomy of the Nervous System enables the reader to easily access the key features of the anatomy of the brain and main pathways which are relevant at the bedside or clinic. It also highlights the typical pathologies and reasoning behind clinical findings to enable the reader to aid deduction of not only what is wrong with the patient, but where in the nervous system that the pathology is. Anatomy of the brain and neurological pathways dealt with as key facts and summary tables essential to clinical practice. Succinct yet comprehensive format with quick and easy access facts in clearly laid out key regions, common throughout the different neurological pathways. Includes key features and hints and tips on clinical examination and related pathologies, featuring diagnostic summaries of potential clinical presentations.
