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Author: Michael J. Wade
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022612987X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
All organisms live in clusters, but such fractured local populations, or demes, nonetheless maintain connectivity with one another by some amount of gene flow between them. Most such metapopulations occur naturally, like clusters of amphibians in vernal ponds or baboon troops spread across the African veldt. Others have been created as human activities fragment natural landscapes, as in stands of trees separated by roads. As landscape change has accelerated, understanding how these metapopulations function—and specifically how they adapt—has become crucial to ecology and to our very understanding of evolution itself. With Adaptation in Metapopulations, Michael J. Wade explores a key component of this new understanding of evolution: interaction. Synthesizing decades of work in the lab and in the field in a book both empirically grounded and underpinned by a strong conceptual framework, Wade looks at the role of interaction across scales from gene selection to selection at the level of individuals, kin, and groups. In so doing, he integrates molecular and organismal biology to reveal the true complexities of evolutionary dynamics from genes to metapopulations.
Author: Michael J. Wade
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022612973X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 269
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Book Description
Across the globe, populations of plants and animals live in clusters, but maintain a connectivity a population of populations. There are naturally occurring metapopulations, such as clusters of groupers spread across coral reefs, and there are metapopulations humans have helped create by fragmenting landscapes: stands of trees separated by roads, prairies separated by agricultural farms. As the dynamics of landscape change have accelerated, and understanding of how metapopulations functions has played a critical role in ecology and evolutionary biology. Adaptation in Metapopulations synthesizes the role of genetic interactions in adaptive evolution and their influence on the effectiveness of different types of selection. Drawing on extensive field work and lab experiments, cohered with a strong conceptual arc, the work also integrates molecular and organismal biology, as Wade explores adaptation at multiple scales, and shows how evolutionary dynamics scale from the gene to the metapopulation. "
Author: Ilkka A. Hanski
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123234484
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 718
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Book Description
Spatial dynamics, landscape, population.
Author: Linnean Society of London
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Metapopulation Dynamics: Empirical and Theoretical Investigations covers the 1989 proceedings of a metapopulation dynamics workshop held at Lammi Biological Station, Helsinki, Finland. It is divided into 18 chapters that cover various approaches to spatially structured population and community dynamics. After briefly discussing the history of metapopulation ideas and the major conceptual links, the book covers types of studies that have been conducted on single-species and multispecies metapopulations. Then, it examines the relationships between metapopulation dynamics, the equilibrium theory ...
Author: Robert N. Brandon
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400860660
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
By focusing on the crucial role of environment in the process of adaptation, Robert Brandon clarifies definitions and principles so as to help make the argument of evolution by natural selection empirically testable. He proposes that natural selection is the process of differential reproduction resulting from differential adaptedness to a common selective environment. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Author: Jin Yoshimura
Publisher: Berlin ; New York : Springer-Verlag
ISBN:
Category : Adaptation (Biology)
Languages : en
Pages : 216
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Book Description
The classical theory of natural selection, as developed by Fisher, Haldane, and 'Wright, and their followers, is in a sense a statistical theory. By and large the classical theory assumes that the underlying environment in which evolution transpires is both constant and stable - the theory is in this sense deterministic. In reality, on the other hand, nature is almost always changing and unstable. We do not yet possess a complete theory of natural selection in stochastic environ ments. Perhaps it has been thought that such a theory is unimportant, or that it would be too difficult. Our own view is that the time is now ripe for the development of a probabilistic theory of natural selection. The present volume is an attempt to provide an elementary introduction to this probabilistic theory. Each author was asked to con tribute a simple, basic introduction to his or her specialty, including lively discussions and speculation. We hope that the book contributes further to the understanding of the roles of "Chance and Necessity" (Monod 1971) as integrated components of adaptation in nature.
Author: Elizabeth S. Watts
Publisher: Mouton de Gruyter
ISBN:
Category : Adaptation (Biology).
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
Author: Jodi A. Hilty
Publisher:
ISBN: 1610919513
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
Wildlife species across the globe face a dire predicament as their traditional migratory routes are cut off by human encroachment and they are forced into smaller and smaller patches of habitat. As key species populations dwindle, ecosystems lose resilience and face collapse, and along with them, the ecosystem services we depend on. Healthy ecosystems need healthy wildlife populations. One possible answer? Wildlife corridors that connect fragmented landscapes. This second edition of Corridor Ecology: Linking Landscapes for Biodiversity Conservation and Climate Adaptation captures advances in the field over the past ten years. It features a new chapter on marine corridors and the effects of climate change on habitat, as well as a discussion of corridors in the air for migrating flying species. Practitioners, land managers, and scholars of ecology will find it an indispensable resource.
Author: Daniel Alexander Peterson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Fish populations
Languages : en
Pages : 91
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Book Description
Gene flow within a metapopulation depends on the reproductive success of dispersers after immigration, but few empirical studies have measured the reproductive contributions of dispersers from distinct natal populations. The local adaptation frequently observed within metapopulations of anadromous salmonids could exert strong selection against immigrants with phenotypes adapted to ecologically distinct habitats. Used was genetic parentage analysis to directly measure the reproductive success of dispersers from multiple natal habitats relative to philopatric individuals within a group of geographically proximate but ecologically and genetically distinct subpopulations of stream- and beach-spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Results indicate that dispersers between stream-spawning populations and philopatric individuals experienced similar reproductive success, while immigrants from the beach habitat to the streams produced fewer returning adult offspring than either philopatric individuals or stream-to-stream dispersers. The difference in reproductive contribution between beach-to-stream dispersers and the other two dispersal categories was estimated to be one returning adult offspring per individual. Thus, the difference in reproductive success of dispersers between habitat types represents a strong barrier to gene flow between these sockeye salmon ecotypes. Experimental and observational studies of the homing and spawning behavior of hatchery-raised salmon have indicated that their search for high-quality spawning habitat can overcome their homing tendency. Nevertheless, the extent to which dispersal between populations is motivated by habitat selection versus navigational errors during the homing process is not well understood, especially in wild populations. Examined were whether dispersing individuals exhibited more exploratory behavior than philopatric individuals within a metapopulation of wild sockeye salmon, which would suggest that dispersal may be influenced by comparisons between potential spawning areas. The daily locations of all adult salmon spawning in two proximate streams were tracked and determined the dispersal status for each individual by comparing its chosen spawning stream with that of its parents (as determined by genetic parentage reconstruction). Dispersers were often observed in their natal stream (8-11% of individuals) or at its mouth (29-58% of individuals) before spawning in the other stream, whereas philopatric individuals were rarely observed in their non-natal stream (0-2% of individuals) or at its mouth (1-7% of individuals). These results suggest either that the mechanism of dispersal encourages exploration or that individuals that explore are more likely to disperse. In either case, dispersers are exposed to multiple spawning habitats, potentially allowing annual variation in local environmental or demographic conditions to influence the patterns of gene flow within a metapopulation.
Author: Ilkka Hanski
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780198540656
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Book Description
Written by a world renowned biologist, this volume offers a comprehensive synthesis of current research in this rapidly expanding area of population biology. It covers both the essential theory and a wide range of empirical studies, including the author's groundbreaking work on the Glanville fritillary butterfly. It also includes practical applications to conservation biology. The book describes theoretical models for metapopulation dynamics in highly fragmented landscapes and emphasizes spatially realistic models. It presents the incidence function model and includes several detailed examples of its application. Accessible to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, Metapopulation Ecology will be a valuable resource for researchers in population biology, conservation biology, and landscape ecology.
Author: Susan Mopper
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781475709049
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Providing an essential foundation for evolutionary theory, this comprehensive volume examines patterns of genetic variation within natural insect populations, and explores the underlying mechanisms that lead to the genetic divergence of coexisting organisms. In particular, the text investigates current research on finescale genetic structure in natural insect populations. Internationally renowned scientists offer a wealth of current information not previously published. Part I present case studies of adaptive genetic structure in natural insect populations, including a critical discussion of the strenghts and weaknesses of the experimental methods employed. Part II addresses the ecological mechanisms that produce adaptive genetic structure in natural insect populations. Part III describes how behavioral and life-history patterns influence genetic structure. Finally, Part IV combines theoretical and empirical approaches linking genetic structure at the population level with larger-scale patterns of variation, such as host race formation and speciation. This broad-ranging, interdisciplinary source of information supplies a thorough examination of the mechanisms that promote and impede genetic structure in natural insect populations. It is a book that will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students, and to researchers in the fields of ecology, evolution, insect and plant systems, entomology, and population genetics.
