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Author: Ipek Kurtboke
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040005004
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
The discovery and development of antibiotics has been one of the most significant advances in medicine. In a golden era lasting from the 1940s to the late 1960s, antibiotic research provided mankind with a wide range of structurally diverse and effective agents for the treatment of microbial infections. Since then, actinomycetes, most notably members of the genus Streptomyces, have uninterruptedly proved to be a particularly rich source of antibiotics and other therapeutic and biotechnologically important compounds. This book brings together expert actinomycetologists to communicate the importance of finding novel antibiotic producing actinomycetes in extreme and marine environments in the light of molecular advances.
Author: Ipek Kurtboke
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1040005004
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
The discovery and development of antibiotics has been one of the most significant advances in medicine. In a golden era lasting from the 1940s to the late 1960s, antibiotic research provided mankind with a wide range of structurally diverse and effective agents for the treatment of microbial infections. Since then, actinomycetes, most notably members of the genus Streptomyces, have uninterruptedly proved to be a particularly rich source of antibiotics and other therapeutic and biotechnologically important compounds. This book brings together expert actinomycetologists to communicate the importance of finding novel antibiotic producing actinomycetes in extreme and marine environments in the light of molecular advances.
Author: Sheng Qin
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889450139
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
Actinobacteria are highly diverse prokaryotes that are ubiquitous in soil, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Although various studies have focused on the ecology of this phylum, data are still scant on the diversity, abundance and ecology of actinobacteria endemic to special and extreme environments, such as gut, plant, alkaline saline soil, deep sea sediments, hot springs and other habitats. Actinobacteria are well-known producers of a vast array of secondary metabolites, many of which have useful applications in medicine and agriculture. Furthermore, actinobacteria also have diverse functions in different environments apart from antibiotic production. For example, actinobacteria are reported to contribute to the break-down and recycling of organic compounds. They play a significant role in fixation of nitrogen, improvement plant growth, biodegradation, bioremediation and environmental protection. Therefore, understanding the actinobacterial diversity and distribution in such special environments is important in deciphering the ecological roles of these microorganisms and for biotechnological bioprospecting. Recent advances in cultivation, DNA sequencing technologies and -omics (metagenomics, metaproteomics etc) methods have greatly contributed to the rapid advancement of our understanding of microbial diversity, function and they interactions with environment. Furthermore, comparative genomic studies can provide overall information about actinobacterial speciation, evolution, metabolism and environment adaptation mechanisms. This research topic comprising reviews and original articles highlights the recent advances regarding the unexpectedly diverse/rare group of actinobacteria with special selective isolation methods or culture-independent methods, as well as their biological activities, ecophysiologica function and mechanisms from diverse special and extreme environments.
Author: Wen-Jun Li
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889459330
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Actinobacteria are well-known producers of a vast array of secondary metabolites. Compared with actinobacteria from temperate habitats, the community structure, diversity, biological activities and mechanisms of environmental adaptation of those actinobacteria in special and extreme environments are relatively unstudied and unclear, and their functions and utilization are even less reported. These actinobacteria are potential new sources of novel natural products and functions for exploitation in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Recent advances in cultivation, DNA sequencing technologies and -omics methods have greatly contributed to the rapid advancement of our understanding of microbial diversity, taxonomy, function and they interactions with environment. Following the success of the Research Topic “Actinobacteria in special and extreme habitats: diversity, functional roles and environmental adaptations” organized in 2015, we are happy to launch a second edition. This Research Topic second edition, comprising reviews and original articles, highlights recent discoveries on rare actinobacterial diversity, phylogenomics, biological compounds, ecological function and environmental adaptations of actinobacteria in special and extreme habitats; and broadens our knowledge of actinobacterial diversity and their ecophysiological function.
Author: A. A. Mohamed Hatha
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781536170467
Category : Actinobacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 294
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Book Description
"Actinomycetes are a versatile group of Gram positive bacteria widely distributed in the terrestrial and aquatic environments. The specialty of the actinomycetes is that they have a mycelial appearance unlike most bacteria. This group of bacteria is well known for their ability to produce a range of bioactive molecules, including antibiotics and various kinds of enzymes. As they are known for their ability to produce various antibiotics, the actinomycetes are widely explored by various research groups in search of novel drug molecules. Since the cultivation and maintenance of actinobacteria are not that easy as in the case of other bacteria, they are rather underexplored. With the frequent emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria, which are outpacing the discovery of new antibiotics, there is a renewed interest in actinomycetes from special habitats such as extreme habitats in the marine environment, salt pans, geothermal springs, permanently frozen polar environments etc. Endophytic actinomycetes are also attracting the attention of current researchers in this field. This book titled "A Closer Look at Actinomycetes" is a compilation of articles which deals with interesting topics such as "actinomycetes as microbial drug factories", endophytic fungi from special habitats of Pakistan as well as strategies for exploration of actinomycetes diversity and the taxonomy of actinomycetes should be of great interest to those who are interested in Actinomycetes research. People with interest in general microbiology will also find it an interesting read"--
Author: Wael N. Hozzein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Microbiology
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
Actinobacteria are highly diverse prokaryotes that are ubiquitous in soil, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Although various studies have focused on the ecology of this phylum, data are still scant on the diversity, abundance and ecology of actinobacteria endemic to special and extreme environments, such as gut, plant, alkaline saline soil, deep sea sediments, hot springs and other habitats. Actinobacteria are well-known producers of a vast array of secondary metabolites, many of which have useful applications in medicine and agriculture. Furthermore, actinobacteria also have diverse functions in different environments apart from antibiotic production. For example, actinobacteria are reported to contribute to the break-down and recycling of organic compounds. They play a significant role in fixation of nitrogen, improvement plant growth, biodegradation, bioremediation and environmental protection. Therefore, understanding the actinobacterial diversity and distribution in such special environments is important in deciphering the ecological roles of these microorganisms and for biotechnological bioprospecting. Recent advances in cultivation, DNA sequencing technologies and -omics (metagenomics, metaproteomics etc) methods have greatly contributed to the rapid advancement of our understanding of microbial diversity, function and they interactions with environment. Furthermore, comparative genomic studies can provide overall information about actinobacterial speciation, evolution, metabolism and environment adaptation mechanisms. This research topic comprising reviews and original articles highlights the recent advances regarding the unexpectedly diverse/rare group of actinobacteria with special selective isolation methods or culture-independent methods, as well as their biological activities, ecophysiologica function and mechanisms from diverse special and extreme environments.
Author: Dharumadurai Dhanasekaran
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535122487
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
This book presents an introductory overview of Actinobacteria with three main divisions: taxonomic principles, bioprospecting, and agriculture and industrial utility, which covers isolation, cultivation methods, and identification of Actinobacteria and production and biotechnological potential of antibacterial compounds and enzymes from Actinobacteria. Moreover, this book also provides a comprehensive account on plant growth-promoting (PGP) and pollutant degrading ability of Actinobacteria and the exploitation of Actinobacteria as ecofriendly nanofactories for biosynthesis of nanoparticles, such as gold and silver. This book will be beneficial for the graduate students, teachers, researchers, biotechnologists, and other professionals, who are interested to fortify and expand their knowledge about Actinobacteria in the field of Microbiology, Biotechnology, Biomedical Science, Plant Science, Agriculture, Plant pathology, Environmental Science, etc.
Author: Paul Robert Jensen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Actinomycetales
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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Book Description
Author: Ravindra Pogaku
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461462088
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 405
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Book Description
Environmental sustainability and development is of critical importance. Technological advances in the production of new energy sources are making their way into our lives in more and more depth every day. However, there is an urgent need to address the technological challenges and advancement of the various chemical and bio-processes to maintain the dynamic sustainability of our energy needs. Toward that end, an attempt is being made to look at recent advances, key issues still faced and where possible, offer suggestions on alternative technologies to optimize sustainable processes. Still considered a new area of science, energy sources themselves are still being 'discovered'...meaning, what is financially viable in the current marketplace is changing. For example, energy from plants has not been financially viable in the past because of the high cost of growing, harvesting, breaking down cell walls, disposal of waste products, etc. Materials used to derive energy from sustainable resources is changing, making previously high-cost processes more efficient. It is crucial that the industry as a while works in tandem to develop crops that new technological advances make financially feasible. This book will cover recent advances in the chemicals, bioprocesses and other materials used in growing and extracting energy from sustainable products. Membrane/cell wall digestion issues will also be covered as well as recovering mamixal amounts of energy from sources to limit waste. Finally a section on safety and control will be presented with has been poorly covered in other publications.
Author: Alejandra Prieto-Davó
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 127
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Book Description
In the past 150 years, marine microbial ecology has followed and exciting journey. Beginning with the isolation of a few marine bacteria, it went on to establish the omnipresence of these microorganisms in the marine environment as well as their crucial roles in global nutrient and carbon cycles. Advances in molecular techniques have allowed the study of the microbial realm including the exploration of the whole ocean's microbial genes. It is underneath the ocean and covering over 70% of our planet that lays an incredible reservoir of 1x109 bacteria per gram of marine sediment. This environment represents a new frontier for microbial diversity, including that of marine actinomycetes. These Gram-positive, high G+C content, filamentous bacteria have been extensively studied due to their widely known ability to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. The diversity of cultured actinomycete bacteria was compared between near-shore and offshore marine sediments. Results revealed that even though the requirement of seawater for growth is not a common trait among marine-derived actinomycetes, there are high levels of marine adaptation among some lineages. At the same time, marine sediment communities include considerable actinomycete diversity that does not occur on land (33-35% marine specific Operational Taxonomic Units at 98% sequence identity) including distinct marine OTU clades whose richness increases in offshore sediments. High terrestrial influence was observed out to 100 km from shore, at the same time, statistical analyses suggest higher actinomycete diversity at offshore locations. Cultivation independent studies on the Families Streptomycetaceae and Micromonosporaceae revealed a broader snapshot of their diversity in the marine sediment samples. This study also exposed the importance of a polyphasic approach towards the assessment of actinomycete diversity in marine sediments. Distinct OTUs were observed when compared to cultivated Sterptomycetaceae and Micromonosporaceae diversity, yet the phylogenetic distribution of both communities (cultivated and environmental) did not significantly differ from each other. This method supported observations reported during the cultivation-dependent study suggesting a more extensive diversity of members of these actinomycete families in offshore marine sediments. Cultivation efforts rendered novel groups of marine-derived actinomycetes. The phylogenetic novelty of these groups and the diversity of bioactive natural products they produce, including three new chemical types, are discussed.
Author: K. Horikoshi
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9784431702634
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Book Description
Many organisms in deep-sea environments are extremophiles thriving in extreme conditions: high pressure, high or low temperature, or high concentrations of inorganic compounds. This book presents the microbiology of extremophiles living in the deep sea and describes the isolation, cultivation, and taxonomic identification of microorganisms retrieved from the Mariana Trench, the world's deepest point. Also explained are techniques for recovering pressure-loving bacteria, the barophiles (piezophiles), and for whole genome analysis of Bacillus halodurans C-125. Physiological analysis of the pressure effect in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli is used to answer the question of how deep-sea organisms survive under high hydrostatic pressure. These research results are useful in both basic science and industrial applications. Readers discover a new microbial world in the ocean depths, with state-of-the-science information on extremophiles.
