Accurate Measurement of Charge Generation at Interfaces of Organic Solar Cell Devices Printed from Non-Halogenated Solvents PDF Download
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Author: Awwad Nasser Alotaibi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Organic photovoltaic cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are promising as printable and massively scalable solar energy sources. The highest performing device architecture, the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is constructed by printing a single active layer consisting of a mixture of organic electron donating and accepting molecules, and its efficiencies are approaching 20%. The charge generation and recombination processes in BHJ active layers govern device performance in OSCs but separating these two processes is difficult due to the morphological complexity. Time delay collection field (TDCF) is an advanced charge extraction technique that quantitatively separates charge generation and recombination processes at operation-relevant fields, but device capacitances limit the effectiveness of this technique. We introduce an altered experiment, 'Overpulse TDCF', that overcomes this issue to successfully extract all generated charges prior to recombination in a BHJ. In this technique, a high voltage pulse accelerates electrode charging by nearly an order of magnitude, thus extracting charges more swiftly than they can recombine. This enables accurate quantification of charge generation efficiency in systems that exhibit even the most diffusive transport as well as studying charge recombination at early times. We demonstrate this capability on PCDTBT:PCBM OSC devices where recombination occurs even at 100s of ns. Using Overpulse TDCF enables the field-independent charge generation properties to be revealed in this system and accurate field dependence of CT-state separation in other systems. On the other hand, solvent processing conditions of BHJ active layers have shown to govern the final OSC nanostructure. In order to manipulate the morphology for a better understanding of its effect on charge generation, we have changed the processing solvent during the fabrication of the investigated systems in this work by using two different solvents, which plays an important role in defining the overall morphology. Where we used halogenated and non-halogenated solvents to track the effect of the morphology on the charge generation and recombination, the non-halogenated solvent gave us a new record with a power conversion efficiency of 7.7%. We correlate the device physics using OP-TDCF with nanomorphology via x-ray techniques, expanding our understanding of how the two aspects are interconnected. Moving forward, this technique will enable understanding the detailed processes of charge generation and recombination to work toward further progress in materials design and device fabrication.
Author: Awwad Nasser Alotaibi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Organic photovoltaic cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are promising as printable and massively scalable solar energy sources. The highest performing device architecture, the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is constructed by printing a single active layer consisting of a mixture of organic electron donating and accepting molecules, and its efficiencies are approaching 20%. The charge generation and recombination processes in BHJ active layers govern device performance in OSCs but separating these two processes is difficult due to the morphological complexity. Time delay collection field (TDCF) is an advanced charge extraction technique that quantitatively separates charge generation and recombination processes at operation-relevant fields, but device capacitances limit the effectiveness of this technique. We introduce an altered experiment, 'Overpulse TDCF', that overcomes this issue to successfully extract all generated charges prior to recombination in a BHJ. In this technique, a high voltage pulse accelerates electrode charging by nearly an order of magnitude, thus extracting charges more swiftly than they can recombine. This enables accurate quantification of charge generation efficiency in systems that exhibit even the most diffusive transport as well as studying charge recombination at early times. We demonstrate this capability on PCDTBT:PCBM OSC devices where recombination occurs even at 100s of ns. Using Overpulse TDCF enables the field-independent charge generation properties to be revealed in this system and accurate field dependence of CT-state separation in other systems. On the other hand, solvent processing conditions of BHJ active layers have shown to govern the final OSC nanostructure. In order to manipulate the morphology for a better understanding of its effect on charge generation, we have changed the processing solvent during the fabrication of the investigated systems in this work by using two different solvents, which plays an important role in defining the overall morphology. Where we used halogenated and non-halogenated solvents to track the effect of the morphology on the charge generation and recombination, the non-halogenated solvent gave us a new record with a power conversion efficiency of 7.7%. We correlate the device physics using OP-TDCF with nanomorphology via x-ray techniques, expanding our understanding of how the two aspects are interconnected. Moving forward, this technique will enable understanding the detailed processes of charge generation and recombination to work toward further progress in materials design and device fabrication.
Author: Nurdan Demirci Sankir
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119283736
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Book Description
Printable Solar Cells The book brings together the recent advances, new and cutting edge materials from solution process and manufacturing techniques that are the key to making photovoltaic devices more efficient and inexpensive. Printable Solar Cells provides an overall view of the new and highly promising materials and thin film deposition techniques for printable solar cell applications. The book is organized in four parts. Organic and inorganic hybrid materials and solar cell manufacturing techniques are covered in Part I. Part II is devoted to organic materials and processing technologies like spray coating. This part also demonstrates the key features of the interface engineering for the printable organic solar cells. The main focus of Part III is the perovskite solar cells, which is a new and promising family of the photovoltaic applications. Finally, inorganic materials and solution based thin film formation methods using these materials for printable solar cell application is discussed in Part IV. Audience The book will be of interest to a multidisciplinary group of fields, in industry and academia, including physics, chemistry, materials science, biochemical engineering, optoelectronic information, photovoltaic and renewable energy engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical and manufacturing engineering.
Author: Santosh K. Kurinec
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119407680
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 759
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Book Description
This book covers the recent advances in photovoltaics materials and their innovative applications. Many materials science problems are encountered in understanding existing solar cells and the development of more efficient, less costly, and more stable cells. This important and timely book provides a historical overview, but concentrates primarily on the exciting developments in the last decade. It includes organic and perovskite solar cells, photovoltaics in ferroelectric materials, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, materials with improved photovoltaic efficiencies as well as the full range of semiconductor materials for solar-to-electricity conversion, from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon to cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium sulfide selenides, dye sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and environmentally-friendly copper zinc tin sulfide selenides.
Author: Wolfgang Tress
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319100971
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 474
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Book Description
This book covers in a textbook-like fashion the basics or organic solar cells, addressing the limits of photovoltaic energy conversion and giving a well-illustrated introduction to molecular electronics with focus on the working principle and characterization of organic solar cells. Further chapters based on the author’s dissertation focus on the electrical processes in organic solar cells by presenting a detailed drift-diffusion approach to describe exciton separation and charge-carrier transport and extraction. The results, although elaborated on small-molecule solar cells and with focus on the zinc phthalocyanine: C60 material system, are of general nature. They propose and demonstrate experimental approaches for getting a deeper understanding of the dominating processes in amorphous thin-film based solar cells in general. The main focus is on the interpretation of the current-voltage characteristics (J-V curve). This very standard measurement technique for a solar cell reflects the electrical processes in the device. Comparing experimental to simulation data, the author discusses the reasons for S-Shaped J-V curves, the role of charge carrier mobilities and energy barriers at interfaces, the dominating recombination mechanisms, the charge carrier generation profile, and other efficiency-limiting processes in organic solar cells. The book concludes with an illustrative guideline on how to identify reasons for changes in the J-V curve. This book is a suitable introduction for students in engineering, physics, material science, and chemistry starting in the field of organic or hybrid thin-film photovoltaics. It is just as valuable for professionals and experimentalists who analyze solar cell devices.
Author: Aparna Thankappan
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128129166
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 521
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Book Description
Perovskite Photovoltaics: Basic to Advanced Concepts and Implementation examines the emergence of perovskite photovoltaics, associated challenges and opportunities, and how to achieve broader development. Consolidating developments in perovskite photovoltaics, including recent progress solar cells, this text also highlights advances and the research necessary for sustaining energy. Addressing different photovoltaics fields with tailored content for what makes perovskite solar cells suitable, and including commercialization examples of large-scale perovskite solar technology. The book also contains a detailed analysis of the implementation and economic viability of perovskite solar cells, highlighting what photovoltaic devices need to be generated by low cost, non-toxic, earth abundant materials using environmentally scalable processes. This book is a valuable resource engineers, scientists and researchers, and all those who wish to broaden their knowledge on flexible perovskite solar cells. - Includes contributions by leading solar cell academics, industrialists, researchers and institutions across the globe - Addresses different photovoltaics fields with tailored content for what makes perovskite solar cells different - Provides commercialization examples of large-scale perovskite solar technology, giving users detailed analysis on the implementation, technical challenges and economic viability of perovskite solar cells
Author: M. Parans Paranthaman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319203312
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
This book reviews the current status of semiconductor materials for conversion of sunlight to electricity, and highlights advances in both basic science and manufacturing. Photovoltaic (PV) solar electric technology will be a significant contributor to world energy supplies when reliable, efficient PV power products are manufactured in large volumes at low cost. Expert chapters cover the full range of semiconductor materials for solar-to-electricity conversion, from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon to cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium sulfide selenides, dye sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and environmentally friendly copper zinc tin sulfide selenides. The latest methods for synthesis and characterization of solar cell materials are described, together with techniques for measuring solar cell efficiency. Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells presents the current state of the art as well as key details about future strategies to increase the efficiency and reduce costs, with particular focus on how to reduce the gap between laboratory scale efficiency and commercial module efficiency. This book will aid materials scientists and engineers in identifying research priorities to fulfill energy needs, and will also enable researchers to understand novel semiconductor materials that are emerging in the solar market. This integrated approach also gives science and engineering students a sense of the excitement and relevance of materials science in the development of novel semiconductor materials. · Provides a comprehensive introduction to solar PV cell materials · Reviews current and future status of solar cells with respect to cost and efficiency · Covers the full range of solar cell materials, from silicon and thin films to dye sensitized and organic solar cells · Offers an in-depth account of the semiconductor material strategies and directions for further research · Features detailed tables on the world leaders in efficiency demonstrations · Edited by scientists with experience in both research and industry
Author: Stergios Logothetidis
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1782420436
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 483
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Book Description
Organic flexible electronics represent a highly promising technology that will provide increased functionality and the potential to meet future challenges of scalability, flexibility, low power consumption, light weight, and reduced cost. They will find new applications because they can be used with curved surfaces and incorporated in to a number of products that could not support traditional electronics. The book covers device physics, processing and manufacturing technologies, circuits and packaging, metrology and diagnostic tools, architectures, and systems engineering. Part one covers the production, properties and characterisation of flexible organic materials and part two looks at applications for flexible organic devices. - Reviews the properties and production of various flexible organic materials. - Describes the integration technologies of flexible organic electronics and their manufacturing methods. - Looks at the application of flexible organic materials in smart integrated systems and circuits, chemical sensors, microfluidic devices, organic non-volatile memory devices, and printed batteries and other power storage devices.
Author: Fei Huang
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1849739870
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 422
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Book Description
An international perspective on the latest research in polymer solar cell technology.
Author: Joseph M. Marshall
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401006326
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 361
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Book Description
The primary objective of this NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) was to present an up-to-date overview of various current areas of interest in the field of photovoltaic and related photoactive materials. This is a wide-ranging subject area, of significant commercial and environmental interest, and involves major contributions from the disciplines of physics, chemistry, materials, electrical and instrumentation engineering, commercial realisation etc. Therefore, we sought to adopt an inter disciplinary approach, bringing together recognised experts in the various fields while retaining a level of treatment accessible to those active in specific individual areas of research and development. The lecture programme commenced with overviews of the present relevance and historical development of the subject area, plus an introduction to various underlying physical principles of importance to the materials and devices to be addressed in later lectures. Building upon this, the ASI then progressed to more detailed aspects of the subject area. We were also fortunately able to obtain a contribution from Thierry Langlois d'Estaintot of the European Commission Directorate, describing present and future EC support for activities in this field. In addition, poster sessions were held throughout the meeting, to allow participants to present and discuss their current activities. These were supported by what proved to be very effective feedback sessions (special thanks to Martin Stutzmann), prior to which groups of participants enthusiastically met (often in the bar) to identify and agree topics of common interest.
Author: Monica Lira-Cantu
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128109963
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
The Future of Semiconductor Oxides in Next-Generation Solar Cells begins with several chapters covering the synthesis of semiconductor oxides for NGSCs. Part II goes on to cover the types and applications of NGSCs currently under development, while Part III brings the two together, covering specific processing techniques for NGSC construction. Finally, Part IV discusses the stability of SO solar cells compared to organic solar cells, and the possibilities offered by hybrid technologies. This comprehensive book is an essential reference for all those academics and professionals who require thorough knowledge of recent and future developments in the role of semiconductor oxides in next generation solar cells. - Unlocks the potential of advanced semiconductor oxides to transform Next Generation Solar Cell (NGSC) design - Full coverage of new developments and recent research make this essential reading for researchers and engineers alike - Explains the synthesis and processing of semiconductor oxides with a view to their use in NGSCs
