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Author: Peter Indefrey
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889450112
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 143
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Book Description
For speaking, words in the lexicon are somehow activated from conceptual representations but we know surprisingly little about how this works precisely. Which of the attributes of the concept DOG (e.g. BARKS, IS WALKED WITH A LEASH, CARNIVORE, ANIMATE) have to be activated in a given situation to be able to select the word ‘dog’? Are there things we know about dogs that are always activated for naming and others that are only activated in certain contexts or even never? To date, investigations on lexical access in speaking have largely focused on the effects of distractor nouns on the naming latency of a target noun. We have learned that distractors from the same semantic category (e.g. ‘cat’) hinder naming, but associatively related distractors (‘leash’) may facilitate or hinder naming. However, associatively related words can have all kinds of semantic relationships to a target word, and, with few exceptions, the effects of specific semantic relationships other than membership in the same category as the target concept have not been systematically investigated. This special issue aims at moving forward towards a more detailed account of how precisely conceptual information is used to access the lexicon in speaking and what corresponding format of conceptual representations needs to be assumed.
Author: Peter Indefrey
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889450112
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 143
Get Book Here
Book Description
For speaking, words in the lexicon are somehow activated from conceptual representations but we know surprisingly little about how this works precisely. Which of the attributes of the concept DOG (e.g. BARKS, IS WALKED WITH A LEASH, CARNIVORE, ANIMATE) have to be activated in a given situation to be able to select the word ‘dog’? Are there things we know about dogs that are always activated for naming and others that are only activated in certain contexts or even never? To date, investigations on lexical access in speaking have largely focused on the effects of distractor nouns on the naming latency of a target noun. We have learned that distractors from the same semantic category (e.g. ‘cat’) hinder naming, but associatively related distractors (‘leash’) may facilitate or hinder naming. However, associatively related words can have all kinds of semantic relationships to a target word, and, with few exceptions, the effects of specific semantic relationships other than membership in the same category as the target concept have not been systematically investigated. This special issue aims at moving forward towards a more detailed account of how precisely conceptual information is used to access the lexicon in speaking and what corresponding format of conceptual representations needs to be assumed.
Author: Robert Schreuder
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027282854
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
In the study of bilingualism, the lexical level of language is of prime importance because, in practical terms, vocabulary acquisition is an essential prerequisite for the development of skill in language use; from a theoretical point of view, the mental lexicon, as a bridge between form and meaning, plays a crucial role in any model of language processing. A central issue in this volume is at which level of the bilingual speaker's lexicon languages share representations and how language-specific representations may be linked. The contributors favor a dynamic, developmental perspective on bilingualism, which takes account of the change of the mental lexicon over time and pays considerable attention to the acquisition phase. Several papers deal with the level of proficiency and its consequences for bilingual lexical processing, as well as the effects of practice. This discussion raises numerous questions about the notion of (lexical) proficiency and how this can be established by objective standards, an area of study that invites collaboration between researchers working from a theoretical and from a practical background.
Author: Bert Peeters
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 058547446X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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Book Description
Questions about the exact nature of linguistic as opposed to non-linguistic knowledge have been asked for as long as humans have studied language, be it as linguists, philosophers, psychologists, semioticians or cognitive scientists. This work argues both for and against the distinction between lexical knowledge and encyclopedic knowledge.
Author: Elena Nicoladis
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110341247
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
This book pioneers the study of bilingualism across the lifespan and in all its diverse forms. In framing the newest research within a lifespan perspective, the editors highlight the importance of considering an individual's age in researching how bilingualism affects language acquisition and cognitive development. A key theme is the variability among bilinguals, which may be due to a host of individual and sociocultural factors, including the degree to which bilingualism is valued within a particular context.Thus, this book is a call for language researchers, psychologists, and educators to pursue a better understanding of bilingualism in our increasingly global society.
Author: Gessica De Angelis
Publisher: Multilingual Matters
ISBN: 1847690033
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
Third or Additional Language Acquisition examines research on the acquisition of languages beyond the L2 within four main areas of inquiry: crosslinguistic influence, multilingual speech production models, the multilingual lexicon and the impact of bi/mul
Author: Vivian Cook
Publisher: Multilingual Matters
ISBN: 1853595845
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Portraits of the L2 User treats second language users in their own right rather than as failed native speakers. It describes a range of psychological and linguistic approaches to diverse topics about L2 users. It thus provides an innovative overview of current second language acquisition theories, results and methods, seen from a common perspective.
Author: Aneta Pavlenko
Publisher: Multilingual Matters
ISBN: 1847691250
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 267
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Book Description
How are words organized in the bilingual mind? How are they linked to concepts? How do bi- and multilinguals process words in their multiple languages? Contributions to this volume offer up-to-date answers to these questions and provide a detailed introduction to interdisciplinary approaches used to investigate the bilingual lexicon.
Author: Akira Kurematsu
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000657868
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
Automatic Speech Translation introduces recent results of Japanese research and development in speech translation and speech recognition. Topics covered include: fundamental concepts of speech recognition; speech pattern representation; phoneme-based HMM phoneme recognition; continuous speech recognition; speaker adaptation; speaker-independent speech recognition; utterance analysis, utterance transfer, utterance generation; contextual processing; speech synthesis and an experimental system of speech translation. This book presents the complicated technological aspects of machine translation and speech recognition, and outlines the future directions of this rapidly developing area of technology.
Author: Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191077402
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 929
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Book Description
This volume offers a thorough, systematic, and crosslinguistic account of evidentiality, the linguistic encoding of the source of information on which a statement is based. In some languages, the speaker always has to specify this source - for example whether they saw the event, heard it, inferred it based on visual evidence or common sense, or was told about it by someone else. While not all languages have obligatory marking of this type, every language has ways of referring to information source and associated epistemological meanings. The continuum of epistemological expressions covers a range of devices from the lexical means in familiar European languages and in many languages of Aboriginal Australia to the highly grammaticalized systems in Amazonia or North America. In this handbook, experts from a variety of fields explore topics such as the relationship between evidentials and epistemic modality, contact-induced changes in evidential systems, the acquisition of evidentials, and formal semantic theories of evidentiality. The book also contains detailed case studies of evidentiality in language families across the world, including Algonquian, Korean, Nakh-Dagestanian, Nambikwara, Turkic, Uralic, and Uto-Aztecan.
Author: Aleksandra I︠U︡rʹevna Aĭkhenvalʹd
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198759517
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 929
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Book Description
The first volume to offer a thorough and systematic account of evidentiality and the expression of information source, Illustrated with extensive data from a range of typologically diverse languages, Introductory chapter offers practical advice for fieldworkers investigating evidentially, Interdisciplinary in nature with insights from typology, semantics, pragmatics, language description, anthropology, cognitive psychology, and psycholinguistics Book jacket.
