A Theory of Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand as Functions of Market Tightness with Prices as Parameters PDF Download
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Author: Pascal Michaillat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business cycles
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This paper presents a parsimonious equilibrium business cycle model with trade frictions in the product and labor markets. The model features unemployment and unsold production and its general equilibrium can be represented very simply: as the intersection of an aggregate supply and an aggregate demand, with product market tightness acting as a price. The aggregate supply represents the expected amount of sales by firms given product market tightness and optimal hiring on the labor market. The aggregate demand represents optimal product consumption given product market tightness-consumers can also spend their income on an unproduced good. We use a search-and-matching structure to realistically represent trade frictions in the product and labor markets. In such a structure, it is not price or wage but market tightness that equalizes supply to demand. In fact, the frictions create situations of bilateral monopoly in price and wage setting that make price and wage indeterminate. To resolve this indeterminacy, we take price and wage as parameters, thus disconnecting price and wage determination from our analysis. Since the equilibrium representation is very transparent and tractable, we are able to obtain a broad range of comparative statics with respect to demand and supply shocks. The model is also suited to think about inventories, labor hoarding, income and wealth inequality. It can be extended to a dynamic environment.
Author: Pascal Michaillat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business cycles
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
This paper presents a parsimonious equilibrium business cycle model with trade frictions in the product and labor markets. The model features unemployment and unsold production and its general equilibrium can be represented very simply: as the intersection of an aggregate supply and an aggregate demand, with product market tightness acting as a price. The aggregate supply represents the expected amount of sales by firms given product market tightness and optimal hiring on the labor market. The aggregate demand represents optimal product consumption given product market tightness-consumers can also spend their income on an unproduced good. We use a search-and-matching structure to realistically represent trade frictions in the product and labor markets. In such a structure, it is not price or wage but market tightness that equalizes supply to demand. In fact, the frictions create situations of bilateral monopoly in price and wage setting that make price and wage indeterminate. To resolve this indeterminacy, we take price and wage as parameters, thus disconnecting price and wage determination from our analysis. Since the equilibrium representation is very transparent and tractable, we are able to obtain a broad range of comparative statics with respect to demand and supply shocks. The model is also suited to think about inventories, labor hoarding, income and wealth inequality. It can be extended to a dynamic environment.
Author: Fouad Sabry
Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
What is Supply and Demand In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market. It postulates that, holding all else equal, in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good or other traded item such as labor or liquid financial assets, will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded will equal the quantity supplied, resulting in an economic equilibrium for price and quantity transacted. The concept of supply and demand forms the theoretical basis of modern economics. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Supply and demand Chapter 2: Microeconomics Chapter 3: Macroeconomics Chapter 4: Perfect competition Chapter 5: General equilibrium theory Chapter 6: Economic surplus Chapter 7: IS-LM model Chapter 8: Supply-side economics Chapter 9: Elasticity (economics) Chapter 10: Economic equilibrium Chapter 11: Aggregate demand Chapter 12: Effective demand Chapter 13: Demand curve Chapter 14: Tax incidence Chapter 15: Long run and short run Chapter 16: Demand Chapter 17: Supply (economics) Chapter 18: Neoclassical synthesis Chapter 19: AD-AS model Chapter 20: History of macroeconomic thought Chapter 21: Sustainable development (II) Answering the public top questions about supply and demand. (III) Real world examples for the usage of supply and demand in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Supply and Demand.
Author: José Encarnación
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Labor market
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Author: Fouad Sabry
Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
What is Aggregate Supply In economics, aggregate supply (AS) or domestic final supply (DFS) is the total supply of goods and services that firms in a national economy plan on selling during a specific time period. It is the total amount of goods and services that firms are willing and able to sell at a given price level in an economy. Together with aggregate demand it serves as one of two components for the AS-AD model. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Aggregate supply Chapter 2: Macroeconomics Chapter 3: Stagflation Chapter 4: Supply and demand Chapter 5: Inflation Chapter 6: IS-LM model Chapter 7: Full employment Chapter 8: New Keynesian economics Chapter 9: Fiscal policy Chapter 10: Phillips curve Chapter 11: Aggregate demand Chapter 12: Supply shock Chapter 13: Long run and short run Chapter 14: AP Macroeconomics Chapter 15: Nobuo Okishio Chapter 16: Neoclassical synthesis Chapter 17: AD-AS model Chapter 18: Demand-led growth Chapter 19: Factor market Chapter 20: Fei-Ranis model of economic growth Chapter 21: Deflation (II) Answering the public top questions about aggregate supply. (III) Real world examples for the usage of aggregate supply in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Aggregate Supply.
Author: John Warwick Nevile
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Keynesian economics
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Author: Roger E. A. Farmer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
This paper is part of a broader project that provides a microfoundation to the General Theory of J.M. Keynes. I call this project 'old Keynesian economics' to distinguish it from new-Keynesian economics, a theory that is based on the idea that to make sense of Keynes we must assume that prices are sticky. I describe a multi-good model in which I interpret the definitions of aggregate demand and supply found in the General Theory through the lens of a search theory of the labor market. I argue that Keynes' aggregate supply curve can be interpreted as the aggregate of a set of first order conditions for the optimal choice of labor and, using this interpretation, I reintroduce a diagram that was central to the textbook teaching of Keynesian economics in the immediate post-war period.
Author: Fouad Sabry
Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 336
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What is Aggregate Demand In economics, aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time. It is often called effective demand, though at other times this term is distinguished. This is the demand for the gross domestic product of a country. It specifies the amount of goods and services that will be purchased at all possible price levels. Consumer spending, investment, corporate and government expenditure, and net exports make up the aggregate demand. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Aggregate demand Chapter 2: Keynesian economics Chapter 3: Macroeconomics Chapter 4: IS-LM model Chapter 5: New Keynesian economics Chapter 6: Fiscal policy Chapter 7: Fiscal multiplier Chapter 8: Deficit spending Chapter 9: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money Chapter 10: Consumption (economics) Chapter 11: Accelerator effect Chapter 12: Crowding out (economics) Chapter 13: Pigou effect Chapter 14: Balanced budget Chapter 15: Mundell-Fleming model Chapter 16: Multiplier (economics) Chapter 17: AD-AS model Chapter 18: Keynesian cross Chapter 19: Demand-led growth Chapter 20: Aggregate supply Chapter 21: Crowding-in effect (II) Answering the public top questions about aggregate demand. (III) Real world examples for the usage of aggregate demand in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Aggregate Demand.
Author: Dorian Owen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Macroeconomics
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Author: Andreas Pollak
Publisher: Mohr Siebeck
ISBN: 9783161493041
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
Designing a good unemployment insurance scheme is a delicate matter. In a system with no or little insurance, households may be subject to a high income risk, whereas excessively generous unemployment insurance systems are known to lead to high unemployment rates and are costly both from a fiscal perspective and for society as a whole. Andreas Pollak investigates what an optimal unemployment insurance system would look like, i.e. a system that constitutes the best possible compromise between income security and incentives to work. Using theoretical economic models and complex numerical simulations, he studies the effects of benefit levels and payment durations on unemployment and welfare. As the models allow for considerable heterogeneity of households, including a history-dependent labor productivity, it is possible to analyze how certain policies affect individuals in a specific age, wealth or skill group. The most important aspect of an unemployment insurance system turns out to be the benefits paid to the long-term unemployed. If this parameter is chosen too high, a large number of households may get caught in a long spell of unemployment with little chance of finding work again. Based on the predictions in these models, the so-called "Hartz IV" labor market reform recently adopted in Germany should have highly favorable effects on the unemployment rates and welfare in the long run.
Author: Barry N. Siegel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Economic policy
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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