A Homogenous Combustion Catalyst for Fuel Efficiency Improvements in Diesel Engines Fuelled with Diesel and Biodiesel PDF Download
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Author: Mingming Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
[Truncated abstract] The ferrous picrate based homogeneous combustion catalyst has been claimed to promote diesel combustion and improve fuel efficiency in diesel engines. However, the reported fuel savings were controversial. Moreover, a lack of understanding of the working mechanism of the catalyst in diesel combustion processes so far has hindered its widespread applica-tion. On the other hand, the effect of the catalyst on biodiesel combustion has never been scientifically studied and presents a new area regarding the application of the catalyst. The present research aims to systematically study the effect of the catalyst on the fuel efficiency of diesel and biodiesel in diesel engines and to understand its working mechanisms. The specific objectives of this research include a systematic study on the effect of the catalyst on fuel efficiency and combustion characteristics of diesel and biodiesel in diesel engines, an investigation into the working mechanisms of the catalyst in diesel and bio-diesel combustion processes through both experimental and mathematical modelling studies on single droplets, and a study on the chemical kinetic effect of iron atoms on the diesel combustion processes. To accomplish these objectives, the influence of the catalyst on fuel efficiency of diesel and biodiesel as a function of engine speed, load and catalyst dosing ratio was first studied using both a laboratory small single cylinder engine and a large industrial scale four cylinders engine. Then both mathematical modelling and experi-mental studies on the combustion characteristics, including ignition delay periods, burnout time, burning rates and flame temperature, of single droplets of diesel and biodiesel were performed. Lastly, a kinetic modelling study of the effect of iron on the ignition and combustion characteristics of diesel was carried out using CHEMKIN PRO. Diesel engine tests have shown that the use of the catalyst reduced the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Up to 4.2% fuel saving in the small laboratory diesel engine and up to 5.6% in the large industrial scale diesel engine under tested conditions were achieved. The reduction of the BSFC was greater at light loads. In addition, the use of the catalyst reduced the BSFC of the biodiesel up to 2.8% under the tested conditions. It has been found that the addition of the catalyst shortened the ignition delay and combustion duration of diesel and biodiesel in the engine, resulting in slightly higher peak cylinder pressures and faster heat release rates. The study of combustion characteristics of single droplets has indicated that the catalyst shortened the burnout time, increased the burning rate and flame temperature of the drop-lets of both diesel and biodiesel. At the catalyst dosing ratio of 1:10000 (by volume) in the diesel and biodiesel, the flame temperatures of the catalyst dosed droplets were about 40K-50K higher than those of the droplets without the catalyst while the burning rate was 0.05-0.1 mm2s-1 higher. With the assistance of flame emissions spectroscopy, iron atoms were detected to present in the flame of the combustion of the catalyst and it was found that the pure ferrous picrate decomposed at approximately 523K using thermogravimetric analysis...
Author: Mingming Zhu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biodiesel fuels
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
[Truncated abstract] The ferrous picrate based homogeneous combustion catalyst has been claimed to promote diesel combustion and improve fuel efficiency in diesel engines. However, the reported fuel savings were controversial. Moreover, a lack of understanding of the working mechanism of the catalyst in diesel combustion processes so far has hindered its widespread applica-tion. On the other hand, the effect of the catalyst on biodiesel combustion has never been scientifically studied and presents a new area regarding the application of the catalyst. The present research aims to systematically study the effect of the catalyst on the fuel efficiency of diesel and biodiesel in diesel engines and to understand its working mechanisms. The specific objectives of this research include a systematic study on the effect of the catalyst on fuel efficiency and combustion characteristics of diesel and biodiesel in diesel engines, an investigation into the working mechanisms of the catalyst in diesel and bio-diesel combustion processes through both experimental and mathematical modelling studies on single droplets, and a study on the chemical kinetic effect of iron atoms on the diesel combustion processes. To accomplish these objectives, the influence of the catalyst on fuel efficiency of diesel and biodiesel as a function of engine speed, load and catalyst dosing ratio was first studied using both a laboratory small single cylinder engine and a large industrial scale four cylinders engine. Then both mathematical modelling and experi-mental studies on the combustion characteristics, including ignition delay periods, burnout time, burning rates and flame temperature, of single droplets of diesel and biodiesel were performed. Lastly, a kinetic modelling study of the effect of iron on the ignition and combustion characteristics of diesel was carried out using CHEMKIN PRO. Diesel engine tests have shown that the use of the catalyst reduced the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). Up to 4.2% fuel saving in the small laboratory diesel engine and up to 5.6% in the large industrial scale diesel engine under tested conditions were achieved. The reduction of the BSFC was greater at light loads. In addition, the use of the catalyst reduced the BSFC of the biodiesel up to 2.8% under the tested conditions. It has been found that the addition of the catalyst shortened the ignition delay and combustion duration of diesel and biodiesel in the engine, resulting in slightly higher peak cylinder pressures and faster heat release rates. The study of combustion characteristics of single droplets has indicated that the catalyst shortened the burnout time, increased the burning rate and flame temperature of the drop-lets of both diesel and biodiesel. At the catalyst dosing ratio of 1:10000 (by volume) in the diesel and biodiesel, the flame temperatures of the catalyst dosed droplets were about 40K-50K higher than those of the droplets without the catalyst while the burning rate was 0.05-0.1 mm2s-1 higher. With the assistance of flame emissions spectroscopy, iron atoms were detected to present in the flame of the combustion of the catalyst and it was found that the pure ferrous picrate decomposed at approximately 523K using thermogravimetric analysis...
Author: You Ma
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Book Description
A ferrous picrate based homogeneous combustion catalyst has shown significant effectiveness in improving the fuel economies in compression ignition (diesel) engines. However, there has been a lack of knowledge of the effect and the working mechanisms of the catalyst in reducing the pollutant emissions, which has hindered the widespread application of the catalytic technology in diesel engines. The present research aimed to systematically assess the efficacy of the ferrous picrate catalyst in emission reductions from diesel engines and to further the understanding of the mechanisms behind the catalytic effect in diesel combustion processes. More specifically, this thesis work has successfully addressed the following specific research objectives: To confirm and quantify the effect of the catalyst in improving fuel consumptions and reducing pollutant emissions (UHC, CO, NOx and smoke) from a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel; To investigate the effect of the catalyst on the key characteristics of soot particles from diesel engine combustions, including soot oxidation properties, soot nanostructure and particle size, soot chemical and elemental compositions; To ascertain the morphology and the ultimate fate of iron in the catalyst during diesel combustion process; and To reveal the mechanisms of the working of the catalyst in diesel soot formation during the combustion processes. To assess the effectiveness of the catalyst, a series of tests was performed on a laboratory diesel engine and a large-scale diesel engine facility as a function of engine speed, load and catalyst dosage. The beneficial effects were also examined with the engine fuelled with biodiesel fuel to realise the full potential of the catalyst. The tests consistently demonstrated a fuel saving of 1.1% - 3.8% over the range of conditions examined. The mechanisms of the catalyst in diesel engine combustions were studied by determining the differences in the characteristics of soot particles using a combination of several advanced analytical techniques, including TGA, SEM/TEM-EDS, FT-IR, NMR and elemental analyser. The evolution of iron in the catalyst during diesel combustion was also investigated to provide additional evidence for the understanding of the role of the catalyst in diesel combustion processes. Laboratory diesel engine tests with diesel fuel have showed the addition of the catalyst was able to reduce up to 39.5% smoke, 22.5% CO and 15.3% unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), as well as 3.8% specific fuel consumptions. As a consequence of the improved combustion efficiency, NOx was found to be elevated by up to 8.3% under the experimental conditions. Results from large-scale diesel engine tests showed that the use of the catalyst reduced up to 20.7% CO and 22.8% UHC at the cost of 5.3% increase in NOx. In biodiesel combustion, the smoke, CO and UHC emissions were reduced by up to 24.4%, 17.3% and 3.8% with the fuel consumptions saved by up to 2.8%, by the addition of the catalyst. It was also found that the NOx and CO2 from the biodiesel combustion were increased by up to 4.5% and 2.5% due to the enhanced combustion efficiency associated with the use of the catalyst...
Author: Jinyue Yan
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118388585
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 4038
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Book Description
The Handbook of Clean Energy Systems brings together an international team of experts to present a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems. Consolidating information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources, the handbook covers a broad range of topics in this interdisciplinary research field including both fossil and renewable energy systems. The development of intelligent energy systems for efficient energy processes and mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants is explored in depth, and environmental, social and economic impacts are also addressed. Topics covered include: Volume 1 - Renewable Energy: Biomass resources and biofuel production; Bioenergy Utilization; Solar Energy; Wind Energy; Geothermal Energy; Tidal Energy. Volume 2 - Clean Energy Conversion Technologies: Steam/Vapor Power Generation; Gas Turbines Power Generation; Reciprocating Engines; Fuel Cells; Cogeneration and Polygeneration. Volume 3 - Mitigation Technologies: Carbon Capture; Negative Emissions System; Carbon Transportation; Carbon Storage; Emission Mitigation Technologies; Efficiency Improvements and Waste Management; Waste to Energy. Volume 4 - Intelligent Energy Systems: Future Electricity Markets; Diagnostic and Control of Energy Systems; New Electric Transmission Systems; Smart Grid and Modern Electrical Systems; Energy Efficiency of Municipal Energy Systems; Energy Efficiency of Industrial Energy Systems; Consumer Behaviors; Load Control and Management; Electric Car and Hybrid Car; Energy Efficiency Improvement. Volume 5 - Energy Storage: Thermal Energy Storage; Chemical Storage; Mechanical Storage; Electrochemical Storage; Integrated Storage Systems. Volume 6 - Sustainability of Energy Systems: Sustainability Indicators, Evaluation Criteria, and Reporting; Regulation and Policy; Finance and Investment; Emission Trading; Modeling and Analysis of Energy Systems; Energy vs. Development; Low Carbon Economy; Energy Efficiencies and Emission Reduction. Key features: Comprising over 3,500 pages in 6 volumes, HCES presents a comprehensive overview of the latest research, developments and practical applications throughout all areas of clean energy systems, consolidating a wealth of information which is currently scattered across a wide variety of literature sources. In addition to renewable energy systems, HCES also covers processes for the efficient and clean conversion of traditional fuels such as coal, oil and gas, energy storage systems, mitigation technologies for the reduction of environmental pollutants, and the development of intelligent energy systems. Environmental, social and economic impacts of energy systems are also addressed in depth. Published in full colour throughout. Fully indexed with cross referencing within and between all six volumes. Edited by leading researchers from academia and industry who are internationally renowned and active in their respective fields. Published in print and online. The online version is a single publication (i.e. no updates), available for one-time purchase or through annual subscription.
Author: Gabriele Di Blasio
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981168751X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 251
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Book Description
This book discusses the impact of fuels characteristics and their effects on the combustion processes in internal combustion engines. It includes the analysis of a variety of biofuels (alcohol fuels and biodiesel) and biogases (natural gas, hydrogen, etc.), providing valuable information related to consequent effects on performance and emissions. The contents focus on recent results and current trends of fuel utilization in the transport sector. State-of-the-art of clean fuels application are also discussed. Thighs book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine instrumentation, and environmental research.
Author: Breda Kegl
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447153251
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 265
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Book Description
With a focus on ecology, economy and engine performance, diesel engines are explored in relation to current research and developments. The prevalent trends in this development are outlined with particular focus on the most frequently used alternative fuels in diesel engines; the properties of various type of biodiesel and the concurrent improvement of diesel engine characteristics using numeric optimization alongside current investigation and research work in the field. Following of a short overview of engine control, aftertreatment and alternative fuels, Green Diesel Engine explores the effects of biodiesel usage on injection, fuel spray, combustion, and tribology characteristics, and engine performance. Additionally, optimization procedures of diesel engine characteristics are discussed using practical examples and each topic is corroborated and supported by current research and detailed illustrations. This thorough discussion provides a solid foundation in the current research but also a starting point for fresh ideas for engineers involved in developing/adjusting diesel engines for usage of alternative fuels, researchers in renewable energy, as well as to engineers, advanced undergraduates, and postgraduates.
Author: Basha, J. Sadhik
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799825418
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
In today’s global context, there has been extensive research conducted in reducing harmful emissions to conserve and protect our environment. In the automobile and power generation industries, diesel engines are being utilized due to their high level of performance and fuel economy. However, these engines are producing harmful pollutants that contribute to several global threats including greenhouse gases and ozone layer depletion. Professionals have begun developing techniques to improve the performance and reduce emissions of diesel engines, but significant research is lacking in this area. Recent Technologies for Enhancing Performance and Reducing Emissions in Diesel Engines is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on technical and environmental enhancements to the emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engines. While highlighting topics such as biodiesel emulsions, nanoparticle additives, and mathematical modeling, this publication explores the potential additives that have been incorporated into the performance of diesel engines in order to positively affect the environment. This book is ideally designed for chemical and electrical engineers, developers, researchers, power generation professionals, mechanical practitioners, scholars, ecologists, scientists, graduate students, and academicians seeking current research on modern innovations in fuel processing and environmental pollution control.
Author: Molelekoa James Mosesane
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
The increasing cost of petroleum fuels (petro-fuels) and fuel consumption worldwide has inspired numerous developments of cheaper and greener alternative fuel economies in various countries. Likewise, this work focuses on the investigation of a homogeneous combustion catalyst, the Fuel Performance Catalyst (FPC) as a supplement to petro-diesel, biodiesels and the respective blends for applications in South African UD engine trucks. The FPC is a ferrous picrate-water-butanol mixture, infused with stabilisers of short-chained alkali benzenes (xylenes and tetra-methyl benzenes). This work addresses a gap in knowledge on the influence of the FPC on fuel (biodiesel, petro-diesel and biodiesel-petro-diesel blends (B0, B10, B20, B30, B100)) physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, pour point and flash point) and its fuel saving capacity.
Author: Diego Luna
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036502785
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 142
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Book Description
Although the compression ignition (C.I.) engine, invented by Rudolf Diesel, was originally intended to work with pure vegetable oils as fuel, more than a century ago, it was adapted to be used with a fuel of fossil origin, obtained from oil. Therefore, there would be no technical difficulties in returning to the primitive design of using biofuels of renewable origin, such as vegetable oils. The main drawback is found in the one billion C.I. engines which are currently in use, which would have to undergo a modification in the injection system in order to adapt them to the higher viscosity of vegetable oils in comparison to that of fossil fuels. Thus, the gradual incorporation of biofuels as substitutes of fossil fuels is mandatory.
Author: Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1837681376
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
Biodiesel, the sustainable fuel of the future, holds the key to a cleaner, greener world. Advanced Biodiesel - Technological Advances, Challenges, and Sustainability Considerations takes you on a compelling journey through cutting-edge advancements in biodiesel technology, offering an unparalleled exploration of its production, refining, and transformative applications. This book unveils the collective wisdom and vision of pioneers in the field who are shaping the future of sustainable energy. Whether you are a seasoned researcher, an aspiring scientist, or simply an eco-conscious individual, this book is an invaluable resource to inspire and guide your efforts to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and pave the way for a more sustainable, environmentally responsible world. Discover the future of energy; embrace Advanced Biodiesel - Technological Advances, Challenges, and Sustainability Considerations today and join the movement towards a brighter, cleaner tomorrow.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In accordance with meeting DOE technical targets this research was aimed at developing and optimizing new fuel injection technologies and strategies for the combustion of clean burning renewable fuels in diesel engines. In addition a simultaneous minimum 20% improvement in fuel economy was targeted with the aid of this novel advanced combustion system. Biodiesel and other renewable fuels have unique properties that can be leveraged to reduce emissions and increase engine efficiency. This research is an investigation into the combustion characteristics of biodiesel and its impacts on the performance of a Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) engine, which is a novel engine configuration that incorporates technologies and strategies for simultaneously reducing NOx and particulate emissions while increasing engine efficiency. Generating fundamental knowledge about the properties of biodiesel and blends with petroleum-derived diesel and their impact on in-cylinder fuel atomization and combustion processes was an important initial step to being able to optimize fuel injection strategies as well as introduce new technologies. With the benefit of this knowledge experiments were performed on both optical and metal LTC engines in which combustion and emissions could be observed and measured under realistic conditions. With the aid these experiments and detailed combustion models strategies were identified and applied in order to improve fuel economy and simultaneously reduce emissions.
