Author: Eric R. Arzubi, MD
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826144160
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Book Description
Neuropsychological assessments are now widely used to identify learning disabilities and shape educational interventions. However, many special education teachers, speech therapists, lawyers, pediatricians, psychiatrists, rehabilitation counselors, and a host of other "helping" professions know very little about how to interpret and act on information contained in neuropsychological assessments. The neuropsychological evaluations discussed in this text help shed light on a wide variety of psychiatric and medical conditions, including learning disabilities, severe and persistent mental illness, traumatic brain injury, neuropsychiatric disorders with accompanying chronic cognitive deficits, and acquired or congenital neurological conditions. This book emphasizes the breadth and depth of neuropsychological assessments and the many practical uses they have, such as treatment planning, diagnosis, interventions, and many more. The authors offer practical guidance on neuropsychological testing and assessment across the lifespan, from pediatric through geriatric patients. The book is designed specifically for those professionals with little to no training in neuropsychology that need to apply knowledge gleaned from neuropsychological assessments. Key topics discussed: Neuropsychological testing and psychoanalysis Using neuropsychological instruments in school settings: possibilities and limitations Using neuropsychological information in vocational rehabilitation planning Neuropsychology and speech/language therapy
A Guide to Neuropsychological Testing for Health Care Professionals
Author: Eric R. Arzubi, MD
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826144160
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Book Description
Neuropsychological assessments are now widely used to identify learning disabilities and shape educational interventions. However, many special education teachers, speech therapists, lawyers, pediatricians, psychiatrists, rehabilitation counselors, and a host of other "helping" professions know very little about how to interpret and act on information contained in neuropsychological assessments. The neuropsychological evaluations discussed in this text help shed light on a wide variety of psychiatric and medical conditions, including learning disabilities, severe and persistent mental illness, traumatic brain injury, neuropsychiatric disorders with accompanying chronic cognitive deficits, and acquired or congenital neurological conditions. This book emphasizes the breadth and depth of neuropsychological assessments and the many practical uses they have, such as treatment planning, diagnosis, interventions, and many more. The authors offer practical guidance on neuropsychological testing and assessment across the lifespan, from pediatric through geriatric patients. The book is designed specifically for those professionals with little to no training in neuropsychology that need to apply knowledge gleaned from neuropsychological assessments. Key topics discussed: Neuropsychological testing and psychoanalysis Using neuropsychological instruments in school settings: possibilities and limitations Using neuropsychological information in vocational rehabilitation planning Neuropsychology and speech/language therapy
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826144160
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Book Description
Neuropsychological assessments are now widely used to identify learning disabilities and shape educational interventions. However, many special education teachers, speech therapists, lawyers, pediatricians, psychiatrists, rehabilitation counselors, and a host of other "helping" professions know very little about how to interpret and act on information contained in neuropsychological assessments. The neuropsychological evaluations discussed in this text help shed light on a wide variety of psychiatric and medical conditions, including learning disabilities, severe and persistent mental illness, traumatic brain injury, neuropsychiatric disorders with accompanying chronic cognitive deficits, and acquired or congenital neurological conditions. This book emphasizes the breadth and depth of neuropsychological assessments and the many practical uses they have, such as treatment planning, diagnosis, interventions, and many more. The authors offer practical guidance on neuropsychological testing and assessment across the lifespan, from pediatric through geriatric patients. The book is designed specifically for those professionals with little to no training in neuropsychology that need to apply knowledge gleaned from neuropsychological assessments. Key topics discussed: Neuropsychological testing and psychoanalysis Using neuropsychological instruments in school settings: possibilities and limitations Using neuropsychological information in vocational rehabilitation planning Neuropsychology and speech/language therapy
Physician's Field Guide to Neuropsychology
Author: Karen M. Sanders
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781493987207
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This unique volume teaches those in the medical fields about the scientific value of neuropsychology in assessing cognition, the 6th vital sign, as part of well integrated collaborative care. It offers physicians a comprehensive tour of the many dimensions neuropsychology can add to primary and specialized medical care across the lifespan. Noted experts examine cognitive ramifications of a wide range of medical, psychological, and neuropsychological conditions, among them brain tumors, stroke, epilepsy, pediatric and adult TBI, schizophrenia, and adult ADHD. The book’s generous selection of case examples demonstrates the benefits of cognitive assessment in building accurate diagnoses, better understanding of patient needs, and more appropriate treatment and management strategies, as well as other neuropsychologist roles in consulting, referral, and forensic areas. In addition, tables, callout boxes, review questions, and other features are included throughout the text for ease in comprehension and retention. A sampling of the coverage: · The value of neuropsychological evaluation in medical practice. · A model of collaboration between primary care and neuropsychology. · Neuropsychological assessment of extremely preterm children. · Alzheimer’s Disease and overview of dementia. · Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease. · Neuropsychology in the 21st century: the rise of multicultural assessment. · Neuropsychological interventions for individuals with brain injury. The Physician’s Field Guide to Neuropsychology is both a rigorous and an accessible reference for clinicians in diverse disciplines including general practice, family medicine, neuropsychology, pediatrics, gerontology, and sports medicine.
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9781493987207
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This unique volume teaches those in the medical fields about the scientific value of neuropsychology in assessing cognition, the 6th vital sign, as part of well integrated collaborative care. It offers physicians a comprehensive tour of the many dimensions neuropsychology can add to primary and specialized medical care across the lifespan. Noted experts examine cognitive ramifications of a wide range of medical, psychological, and neuropsychological conditions, among them brain tumors, stroke, epilepsy, pediatric and adult TBI, schizophrenia, and adult ADHD. The book’s generous selection of case examples demonstrates the benefits of cognitive assessment in building accurate diagnoses, better understanding of patient needs, and more appropriate treatment and management strategies, as well as other neuropsychologist roles in consulting, referral, and forensic areas. In addition, tables, callout boxes, review questions, and other features are included throughout the text for ease in comprehension and retention. A sampling of the coverage: · The value of neuropsychological evaluation in medical practice. · A model of collaboration between primary care and neuropsychology. · Neuropsychological assessment of extremely preterm children. · Alzheimer’s Disease and overview of dementia. · Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease. · Neuropsychology in the 21st century: the rise of multicultural assessment. · Neuropsychological interventions for individuals with brain injury. The Physician’s Field Guide to Neuropsychology is both a rigorous and an accessible reference for clinicians in diverse disciplines including general practice, family medicine, neuropsychology, pediatrics, gerontology, and sports medicine.
Clinician's Guide to Psychological Assessment and Testing
Author: John M. Spores, PhD, JD
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826199879
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 449
Book Description
"Overall, this is an excellent guide to the use and administration of psychological tests. It provides straightforward directions and instructions on how to utilize testing in such a way as to better inform clinical practice. I could see this book as a mainstay on any counselorís bookshelf, especially those who are seeking a way to utilize standardized testing in their practice."--The Professional Counselor Journal ìFinally, a detailed and crystal clear guide to psychological assessment that effectively integrates 'best practices' with the realities of negotiating the mental health care system and insurance providers. I plan to draw on this practical guide in my private practice and to incorporate it as a required text in my advanced counseling assessment classes at both the masterís and doctoral level. This book is a treasure for any mental health professional involved in psychological assessment.î Joseph G. Ponterotto, PhD Professor of Counseling Psychology, Fordham University Standardized psychological testing is often essential for reliably determining the presence of a wide range of psychiatric and personality disorders, along with effectively addressing related issues that may require a psychological referral. This nuts-and-bolts guide to conducting efficient and accurate psychological testing in clinical settings provides mental health professionals with experienced guidance in the entire process, and includes a complete set of forms and templates for all aspects of assessment and testing, from the initial referral and diagnostic interview to the final report. Based on the authorís experience with over two thousand psychological and neuropsychological testing cases, this highly practical book presents a standardized process of assessment, testing, interpretation, report-writing, and presenting feedback to patients, family members, and other professionals. Actual case examples of patients from a wide age range illustrate the assessment and testing process in action. The text provides printed and electronic versions of referral and related forms, initial psychological assessment report templates that include critical areas of coverage for obtaining insurance approval, and interpretation tables for an exceptional inventory of key standardized psychological tests. Integral to the book is a review of psychological tests in seven key categories that most effectively address differential diagnostic dilemmas and related referral questions that clinicians are likely to encounter in practice. It also provides effective strategies for selecting the appropriate tests based on the particular diagnostic questions, guidance for successfully obtaining insurance approval for a targeted yet feasible number of testing hours, and an efficient system for simultaneous test interpretation and report writing. Key Features: Includes an overview of the assessment process, from the initial referral to completion of the final report Features effective reviews of commonly used tests, including neuropsychological, intelligence, personality, and behavioral inventories Includes print and digital templates and forms for all phases of assessment and testing Aids clinicians in both private practice and other health care settings to work within managed care and be effectively reimbursed for services Includes information on conducting forensic competency to stand trial assessments, including the authorís new measure of assessing a defendantís understanding of the legal system
Publisher: Springer Publishing Company
ISBN: 0826199879
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 449
Book Description
"Overall, this is an excellent guide to the use and administration of psychological tests. It provides straightforward directions and instructions on how to utilize testing in such a way as to better inform clinical practice. I could see this book as a mainstay on any counselorís bookshelf, especially those who are seeking a way to utilize standardized testing in their practice."--The Professional Counselor Journal ìFinally, a detailed and crystal clear guide to psychological assessment that effectively integrates 'best practices' with the realities of negotiating the mental health care system and insurance providers. I plan to draw on this practical guide in my private practice and to incorporate it as a required text in my advanced counseling assessment classes at both the masterís and doctoral level. This book is a treasure for any mental health professional involved in psychological assessment.î Joseph G. Ponterotto, PhD Professor of Counseling Psychology, Fordham University Standardized psychological testing is often essential for reliably determining the presence of a wide range of psychiatric and personality disorders, along with effectively addressing related issues that may require a psychological referral. This nuts-and-bolts guide to conducting efficient and accurate psychological testing in clinical settings provides mental health professionals with experienced guidance in the entire process, and includes a complete set of forms and templates for all aspects of assessment and testing, from the initial referral and diagnostic interview to the final report. Based on the authorís experience with over two thousand psychological and neuropsychological testing cases, this highly practical book presents a standardized process of assessment, testing, interpretation, report-writing, and presenting feedback to patients, family members, and other professionals. Actual case examples of patients from a wide age range illustrate the assessment and testing process in action. The text provides printed and electronic versions of referral and related forms, initial psychological assessment report templates that include critical areas of coverage for obtaining insurance approval, and interpretation tables for an exceptional inventory of key standardized psychological tests. Integral to the book is a review of psychological tests in seven key categories that most effectively address differential diagnostic dilemmas and related referral questions that clinicians are likely to encounter in practice. It also provides effective strategies for selecting the appropriate tests based on the particular diagnostic questions, guidance for successfully obtaining insurance approval for a targeted yet feasible number of testing hours, and an efficient system for simultaneous test interpretation and report writing. Key Features: Includes an overview of the assessment process, from the initial referral to completion of the final report Features effective reviews of commonly used tests, including neuropsychological, intelligence, personality, and behavioral inventories Includes print and digital templates and forms for all phases of assessment and testing Aids clinicians in both private practice and other health care settings to work within managed care and be effectively reimbursed for services Includes information on conducting forensic competency to stand trial assessments, including the authorís new measure of assessing a defendantís understanding of the legal system
Neuropsychological Assessment in Clinical Practice
Author: Gary Groth-Marnat
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 694
Book Description
Neuropsychological Assessment in Clinical Practice A Guide to Test Interpretation and Integration Written with the graduate student and practicing clinician in mind, this book covers today's most important issues in neuropsychological assessment, including: * Strategies for interviewing and interpretive guidelines to the most frequently used assessment instruments * Instructions for using test results to develop treatment and case plans * WISC-III, WAIS-III, WMS III, Halstead-Reitan, Luria Nebraska, and additional tests organized according to various functional domains * Principles, guidelines, and examples of how to write problem-oriented, effective neuropsychological reports Praise for Gary Groth-Marnat's Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Third Edition "A commendable volume in which the author condenses information, normally in several locations, into one reading." -Contemporary Psychology "The general purpose of this handbook is to provide a reference and instructional guide for professionals and students who are conducting psychological assessments. This purpose has been splendidly realized by Groth-Marnat, who has combined current scientific and clinical understanding and clear writing with an excellent sense of organization." -Psychology
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 694
Book Description
Neuropsychological Assessment in Clinical Practice A Guide to Test Interpretation and Integration Written with the graduate student and practicing clinician in mind, this book covers today's most important issues in neuropsychological assessment, including: * Strategies for interviewing and interpretive guidelines to the most frequently used assessment instruments * Instructions for using test results to develop treatment and case plans * WISC-III, WAIS-III, WMS III, Halstead-Reitan, Luria Nebraska, and additional tests organized according to various functional domains * Principles, guidelines, and examples of how to write problem-oriented, effective neuropsychological reports Praise for Gary Groth-Marnat's Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Third Edition "A commendable volume in which the author condenses information, normally in several locations, into one reading." -Contemporary Psychology "The general purpose of this handbook is to provide a reference and instructional guide for professionals and students who are conducting psychological assessments. This purpose has been splendidly realized by Groth-Marnat, who has combined current scientific and clinical understanding and clear writing with an excellent sense of organization." -Psychology
Rehabilitation of Neuropsychological Disorders
Author: Brick Johnstone
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 113687402X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
Many contemporary neuropsychology texts focus on neuropathology, the description of specific tests, and the differential diagnosis of central nervous system disorders. However, increasingly sophisticated neuroradiological techniques, managed care factors, and the growth of rehabilitation necessitates that rehabilitation professionals provide more functionally (versus diagnostically) useful evaluations to improve the neuropsychological functioning and community integration of persons with brain injuries or diseases. This book aims to fill this gap and to provide an overview of standard neuropsychological treatment strategies for specific cognitive impairments that are identified on testing. The new edition enhances this goal with three chapters outlining important recommendations, services, and issues for rehabilitation professionals. Written by a team of experienced scientists and professionals, the volume provides a universal taxonomy of neuropsychological abilities (emphasizing relatively simple terms), with a list of basic rehabilitation strategies to improve impairments identified in general cognitive domains. Specific chapters are included on the neuropsychological remediation of memory, attention, language, visual-spatial skills, and executive function impairments. Each chapter proposes a taxonomy of relatively unitary cognitive constructs (e.g., divided attention, sustained attention, focused attention), lists tests which may be used to assess each cognitive construct, and provides specific rehabilitation strategies to improve or accommodate the identified neuropsychological impairments. The final chapters cover basic resources and issues of which the rehabilitation professional needs to be aware (vocational rehabilitation, disability determination, and guardianship issues). This new edition provides a wealth of useful information for family members, rehabilitation professionals, and others who work with persons with brain injury in improving the community functioning for those with brain dysfunction. An accompanying website facilitates access to the resources and strategies from the book, allowing the practitioner to cut and paste these recommendations into their clinical reports.
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 113687402X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 344
Book Description
Many contemporary neuropsychology texts focus on neuropathology, the description of specific tests, and the differential diagnosis of central nervous system disorders. However, increasingly sophisticated neuroradiological techniques, managed care factors, and the growth of rehabilitation necessitates that rehabilitation professionals provide more functionally (versus diagnostically) useful evaluations to improve the neuropsychological functioning and community integration of persons with brain injuries or diseases. This book aims to fill this gap and to provide an overview of standard neuropsychological treatment strategies for specific cognitive impairments that are identified on testing. The new edition enhances this goal with three chapters outlining important recommendations, services, and issues for rehabilitation professionals. Written by a team of experienced scientists and professionals, the volume provides a universal taxonomy of neuropsychological abilities (emphasizing relatively simple terms), with a list of basic rehabilitation strategies to improve impairments identified in general cognitive domains. Specific chapters are included on the neuropsychological remediation of memory, attention, language, visual-spatial skills, and executive function impairments. Each chapter proposes a taxonomy of relatively unitary cognitive constructs (e.g., divided attention, sustained attention, focused attention), lists tests which may be used to assess each cognitive construct, and provides specific rehabilitation strategies to improve or accommodate the identified neuropsychological impairments. The final chapters cover basic resources and issues of which the rehabilitation professional needs to be aware (vocational rehabilitation, disability determination, and guardianship issues). This new edition provides a wealth of useful information for family members, rehabilitation professionals, and others who work with persons with brain injury in improving the community functioning for those with brain dysfunction. An accompanying website facilitates access to the resources and strategies from the book, allowing the practitioner to cut and paste these recommendations into their clinical reports.
Neuropsychological Evaluation of the Older Adult
Author: Joanne Green
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0122981901
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
One of the largest patient populations seen by neuropsychologists are older adults suffering from problems associated with aging. Further, the proportion of the population aged 65 and above is rising rapidly. This book provides a guide to neuropsychological clinicians increasingly called upon to assess this population. The book details in a step-by-step fashion the phases and considerations in performing a neuropsychological assessment of an older patient. It covers procedural details including review of patient's medical records, clinical interview, formal testing, interpretation of test scores, addressing referral questions, and preparing an evaluation report. Outlines a clear, logical approach to neuropsychological evaluation Provides specific clinical practice guidelines for each phase of the evaluation Integrates clinical practice with up-to-date research findings Recommends specific tests for evaluating older adults Details how to interpret test findings and identify the patient's neuropsychological profile Illustrates important points with examples and case materials, many neuropathologically-confirmed Includes forms useful in clinical practice
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0122981901
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
One of the largest patient populations seen by neuropsychologists are older adults suffering from problems associated with aging. Further, the proportion of the population aged 65 and above is rising rapidly. This book provides a guide to neuropsychological clinicians increasingly called upon to assess this population. The book details in a step-by-step fashion the phases and considerations in performing a neuropsychological assessment of an older patient. It covers procedural details including review of patient's medical records, clinical interview, formal testing, interpretation of test scores, addressing referral questions, and preparing an evaluation report. Outlines a clear, logical approach to neuropsychological evaluation Provides specific clinical practice guidelines for each phase of the evaluation Integrates clinical practice with up-to-date research findings Recommends specific tests for evaluating older adults Details how to interpret test findings and identify the patient's neuropsychological profile Illustrates important points with examples and case materials, many neuropathologically-confirmed Includes forms useful in clinical practice
Neuropsychological Assessment of Work-Related Injuries
Author: Shane S. Bush
Publisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 1462502407
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 433
Book Description
Unique in its focus, this book provides an evidence-based framework for assessing work-related neurological and psychological injuries. Meeting a key need, chapters address a range of problems encountered in the workplace: traumatic brain injury, sports concussion, electrical injury, exposure to neurotoxic substances, posttraumatic stress, depression, and brain and psychological injuries experienced in combat. Professionals will find the best available tools and strategies for conducting effective, ethical evaluations of injured workers, making diagnostic determinations, considering causality, determining disability status, and offering treatment recommendations. The complexities of consulting to attorneys, government agencies, and insurance companies are also discussed.
Publisher: Guilford Press
ISBN: 1462502407
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 433
Book Description
Unique in its focus, this book provides an evidence-based framework for assessing work-related neurological and psychological injuries. Meeting a key need, chapters address a range of problems encountered in the workplace: traumatic brain injury, sports concussion, electrical injury, exposure to neurotoxic substances, posttraumatic stress, depression, and brain and psychological injuries experienced in combat. Professionals will find the best available tools and strategies for conducting effective, ethical evaluations of injured workers, making diagnostic determinations, considering causality, determining disability status, and offering treatment recommendations. The complexities of consulting to attorneys, government agencies, and insurance companies are also discussed.
The Neuropsychology Toolkit
Author: Richard L. Wanlass
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146141881X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 162
Book Description
This book provides information, guidelines, and materials to help future neuropsychology supervisees identify, understand, and avoid some of these problems and pitfalls. Also included are a neuropsychological questionnaire, short- and long-report formats, and sample statements that can be used to help with wording sections of the report that are particularly challenging to write.
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146141881X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 162
Book Description
This book provides information, guidelines, and materials to help future neuropsychology supervisees identify, understand, and avoid some of these problems and pitfalls. Also included are a neuropsychological questionnaire, short- and long-report formats, and sample statements that can be used to help with wording sections of the report that are particularly challenging to write.
A Guide to Adult Neuropsychological Diagnosis
Author: Anthony Y. Stringer
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 532
Book Description
The goal of this volume is to establish a common frame of reference fo r health professionals to reduce vague or imprecise use of terms. The author describes clear criteria for a comprehensive array of adult neu rophysiological disorders, including clinical indicators, associated f eatures, factors to rule out, and lesion locations. For each disorder, the author describes common assessment tools in terms of their reliab ility and validity.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 532
Book Description
The goal of this volume is to establish a common frame of reference fo r health professionals to reduce vague or imprecise use of terms. The author describes clear criteria for a comprehensive array of adult neu rophysiological disorders, including clinical indicators, associated f eatures, factors to rule out, and lesion locations. For each disorder, the author describes common assessment tools in terms of their reliab ility and validity.
Conducting a Culturally Informed Neuropsychological Evaluation
Author: Daryl Fujii
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
ISBN: 9781433822940
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
While experienced neuropsychologists may be well-versed in the standard process of conducting a neuropsychological evaluation, they may still have difficulty determining a client's current functioning, given his or her unique cultural context. This is especially true when the client and the clinician do not share the same ethnic background and language fluency. In such cases, the clinician risks administering a biased assessment with invalid tests, misinterpreted data, and inappropriate - if not harmful - treatment recommendations. Daryl Fujii helps neuropsychologists enhance their cultural competence by providing readers with a broad framework for cultivating an ethnorelative - instead of an ethnocentric - view of clients. He begins by reviewing relevant research and professional guidelines that explain how cultural factors can impact a neuropsychological evaluation. Then he outlines preliminary strategies for establishing rapport and improving communication with clients, estimating their premorbid functioning, gathering pertinent data, selecting and translating appropriate tests, and working with interpreters. The closing chapters present a detailed case example that demonstrates a pre-assessment interview, test interpretation, report writing, treatment recommendations, and a final feedback session with the client.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
ISBN: 9781433822940
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
While experienced neuropsychologists may be well-versed in the standard process of conducting a neuropsychological evaluation, they may still have difficulty determining a client's current functioning, given his or her unique cultural context. This is especially true when the client and the clinician do not share the same ethnic background and language fluency. In such cases, the clinician risks administering a biased assessment with invalid tests, misinterpreted data, and inappropriate - if not harmful - treatment recommendations. Daryl Fujii helps neuropsychologists enhance their cultural competence by providing readers with a broad framework for cultivating an ethnorelative - instead of an ethnocentric - view of clients. He begins by reviewing relevant research and professional guidelines that explain how cultural factors can impact a neuropsychological evaluation. Then he outlines preliminary strategies for establishing rapport and improving communication with clients, estimating their premorbid functioning, gathering pertinent data, selecting and translating appropriate tests, and working with interpreters. The closing chapters present a detailed case example that demonstrates a pre-assessment interview, test interpretation, report writing, treatment recommendations, and a final feedback session with the client.