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Author: Luc Champoux
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Current ice hockey helmets have successfully decreased the incidence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the sport; however, concussions are still a major issue (Goodman, D., Gaetz, M., and Meichenbaum, D., 2001). This may be due to helmets not being tested using rotational impacts and rotational measures which can be reflective of concussive impacts (CSA Z262.1-15). Meehan (MSc Thesis, 2019) proposed rotation dominant impacts that reflect concussive events experienced in ice hockey as a potential helmet testing protocol to improve the protective capacity of ice hockey helmets for concussion. The researchers reported a high compliance pneumatic ram test was the test most representative of shoulder to head concussive impacts in professional ice hockey however, it was not as repeatable as the medium compliance pneumatic ram test. For head impacts from falling into the boards, the 45° Anvil Drop test was closest to the mean 44° angle of impact for head to board events in professional ice hockey. These tests haven't been observed using multiple helmet designs to investigate their ability to distinguish between helmet performance. The objectives of this thesis were to 1) determine if the Medium and High Compliance Pneumatic Ram tests and the 45° Anvil Drop test produce different magnitudes of dynamic response and brain tissue strain and 2) determine if the tests have the ability to distinguish changes in helmet design. The Medium Compliance Pneumatic Ram test produced the highest magnitudes of dynamic head response and strain followed by the 45° Anvil Drop and then the High Compliance Pneumatic Ram test. When the helmet designs in each test were compared, the 45° Anvil Drop test reported the most conditions (21) where there were significant differences in the dependent variables between helmets. The Medium Compliance Pneumatic Ram test reported 10 conditions with significant differences detected and the High Compliance Pneumatic Ram test reported 8 conditions with significant differences between helmets. The most sensitive test protocol was the 45° Anvil Drop followed by the Medium Compliance then High Compliance Pneumatic Ram tests. The results showed that all of the tests produced different levels of rotational acceleration and MPS, which supports separate test protocols in terms of helmet testing standards. Information from this thesis can be used by standards organization to guide the development of ice hockey helmet testing standards.
Author: Luc Champoux
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Current ice hockey helmets have successfully decreased the incidence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the sport; however, concussions are still a major issue (Goodman, D., Gaetz, M., and Meichenbaum, D., 2001). This may be due to helmets not being tested using rotational impacts and rotational measures which can be reflective of concussive impacts (CSA Z262.1-15). Meehan (MSc Thesis, 2019) proposed rotation dominant impacts that reflect concussive events experienced in ice hockey as a potential helmet testing protocol to improve the protective capacity of ice hockey helmets for concussion. The researchers reported a high compliance pneumatic ram test was the test most representative of shoulder to head concussive impacts in professional ice hockey however, it was not as repeatable as the medium compliance pneumatic ram test. For head impacts from falling into the boards, the 45° Anvil Drop test was closest to the mean 44° angle of impact for head to board events in professional ice hockey. These tests haven't been observed using multiple helmet designs to investigate their ability to distinguish between helmet performance. The objectives of this thesis were to 1) determine if the Medium and High Compliance Pneumatic Ram tests and the 45° Anvil Drop test produce different magnitudes of dynamic response and brain tissue strain and 2) determine if the tests have the ability to distinguish changes in helmet design. The Medium Compliance Pneumatic Ram test produced the highest magnitudes of dynamic head response and strain followed by the 45° Anvil Drop and then the High Compliance Pneumatic Ram test. When the helmet designs in each test were compared, the 45° Anvil Drop test reported the most conditions (21) where there were significant differences in the dependent variables between helmets. The Medium Compliance Pneumatic Ram test reported 10 conditions with significant differences detected and the High Compliance Pneumatic Ram test reported 8 conditions with significant differences between helmets. The most sensitive test protocol was the 45° Anvil Drop followed by the Medium Compliance then High Compliance Pneumatic Ram tests. The results showed that all of the tests produced different levels of rotational acceleration and MPS, which supports separate test protocols in terms of helmet testing standards. Information from this thesis can be used by standards organization to guide the development of ice hockey helmet testing standards.
Author: Andrew Meehan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Ice hockey helmets effectively mitigate the risk of skull fractures and focal traumatic brain injuries in professional ice hockey (PIH), but do not manage diffuse brain injuries such as concussion. This is due to current standard tests, which only represent one head impact event (a fall to the ice) and do not measure rotational head kinematics. It is important that helmets are evaluated using impact conditions that represent how players sustain concussions in ice hockey. The objective of this study was to describe the relationship between three ice hockey helmet tests and reconstructions of three concussive injury events in PIH. A flat anvil drop test (representing head-to-ice impacts), angled anvil drop test (representing head-to-boards impacts at 30o and 45o) and pneumatic ram test (representing medium and high compliance shoulder-to-head impacts) were performed using parameters reflecting concussive injuries in PIH. Stepwise regressions identified the dynamic response variables producing the strongest relationships with MPS. For the flat anvil drop test, dominant linear acceleration had the strongest relationship with MPS (R2 = 0.960), while there were no significant predictors of MPS from the PIH head-to-ice reconstructions. Rotational velocity had the strongest relationship for the 30o (R2 = 0.978) and 45o Anvil Drop Tests (R2 = 0.977), while rotational acceleration had the strongest relationship for the PIH head-to-boards reconstructions (R2 = 0.649). Resultant rotational acceleration had the strongest relationship for the medium compliance ram test (R2 = 0.671), the high compliance ram test (R2 = 0.850) and the PIH shoulder-to-head reconstructions (R2 = 0.763). The flat anvil drop test results indicate that falls on a flat, rigid surface induce primarily linear acceleration of the head. Standards should continue using this type of test to ensure helmets prevent skull fracture and focal TBI. Ice hockey helmets should also be evaluated using an angled anvil drop test and a collision ram test, representing two unique head impact events known to cause concussive injuries. The 45o Anvil Drop Test provided a closer representation of concussive head-to-boards impacts in PIH, with rotational velocity producing the strongest relationship with MPS. For collision impacts, the Medium Compliance Ram Test yielded repeatable impact conditions while the High Compliance Ram Test provided a closer representation of real-world concussive shoulder-to-head impacts. For these pneumatic ram tests, rotational acceleration produced the strongest relationship with MPS. The information in this thesis may be used by standards organizations when designing future ice hockey helmet tests.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309288037
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 215
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Book Description
In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Author: Youlian Hong
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136338659
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 608
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Book Description
Ergonomics is concerned with the ‘fit’ between people and their work. With an increasing number of people becoming conscious about their health and participating in sport or physical activity, ergonomics has become an increasingly prominent concern within the sport and exercise sciences. From the design of footwear and artificial playing surfaces, to studies of proprioception by obese children , the way in which people interact with their environment - designed and natural – has important implications for performance sport and for the design of safe and beneficial forms of physical activity. The Routledge Handbook of Ergonomics in Sport and Exercise is the first book to offer a comprehensive and in-depth survey of cutting-edge scientific research into ergonomics in sport and exercise. Written by world-leading international scientists and researchers, the book explores key topics such as: Musculoskeletal adaptation to sports and exercise Environmental factors of injury and fatigue Load weight and performance Ergonomics in adapted sports and exercise Measurement in sports and exercise Modeling and simulation in ergonomics design Influence of playing surface, footwear and equipment design Bridging the gap between fundamental scientific research in sport and exercise and applications in sport and exercise contexts, this is an important reference for all advanced students, researchers and professionals working in sport and exercise science, kinesiology, sports technology, sports engineering, ergonomics, and product design.
Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Thirteen papers from the biomechanics technical sessions of the 2002 SAE congress use laboratory experiments, computer models, and field data to evaluate the human body's kinematics, kinetics, and injury potential in response to impact loads caused by automobile accidents. Topics include finite elem
Author: Mark Fainaru-Wada
Publisher: Crown
ISBN: 0770437567
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 457
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Book Description
NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • The story of how the NFL, over a period of nearly two decades, denied and sought to cover up mounting evidence of the connection between football and brain damage “League of Denial may turn out to be the most influential sports-related book of our time.”—The Boston Globe “Professional football players do not sustain frequent repetitive blows to the brain on a regular basis.” So concluded the National Football League in a December 2005 scientific paper on concussions in America’s most popular sport. That judgment, implausible even to a casual fan, also contradicted the opinion of a growing cadre of neuroscientists who worked in vain to convince the NFL that it was facing a deadly new scourge: a chronic brain disease that was driving an alarming number of players—including some of the all-time greats—to madness. In League of Denial, award-winning ESPN investigative reporters Mark Fainaru-Wada and Steve Fainaru tell the story of a public health crisis that emerged from the playing fields of our twenty-first-century pastime. Everyone knows that football is violent and dangerous. But what the players who built the NFL into a $10 billion industry didn’t know—and what the league sought to shield from them—is that no amount of padding could protect the human brain from the force generated by modern football, that the very essence of the game could be exposing these players to brain damage. In a fast-paced narrative that moves between the NFL trenches, America’s research labs, and the boardrooms where the NFL went to war against science, League of Denial examines how the league used its power and resources to attack independent scientists and elevate its own flawed research—a campaign with echoes of Big Tobacco’s fight to deny the connection between smoking and lung cancer. It chronicles the tragic fates of players like Hall of Fame Pittsburgh Steelers center Mike Webster, who was so disturbed at the time of his death he fantasized about shooting NFL executives, and former San Diego Chargers great Junior Seau, whose diseased brain became the target of an unseemly scientific battle between researchers and the NFL. Based on exclusive interviews, previously undisclosed documents, and private emails, this is the story of what the NFL knew and when it knew it—questions at the heart of a crisis that threatens football, from the highest levels all the way down to Pop Warner.
Author: Mark D. Miller
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 145574221X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 2123
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Book Description
The revised, streamlined, and reorganized DeLee & Drez’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine continues to be your must-have orthopaedics reference, covering the surgical, medical, and rehabilitation/injury prevention topics related to athletic injuries and chronic conditions. It provides the most clinically focused, comprehensive guidance available in any single source, with contributions from the most respected authorities in the field. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Be prepared to handle the full range of clinical challenges with coverage of both pediatric and aging athletes; important non-orthopaedic conditions involved in the management of the athlete; rapidly evolving techniques; and sports-related fractures. Understand rehabilitation and other therapeutic modalities in the context of return to play. Take advantage of in-depth coverage of arthroscopic techniques, including ACL reconstruction, allograft cartilage transplantation, rotator cuff repair, and complications in athletes, as well as injury prevention, nutrition, pharmacology, and psychology in sports. Equip yourself with the most current information surrounding hot topics such as hip pain in the athlete, hip arthroscopy, concussions, and medical management of the athlete. Remain at the forefront of the field with content that addresses the latest changes in orthopaedics, including advances in sports medicine community knowledge, evidence-based medicine, ultrasound-guided injections, biologic therapies, and principles of injury prevention. Enhance your understanding with fully updated figures throughout. Take a global view of orthopaedic sports medicine with the addition of two new international section editors and supplemental international content. Access even more expert content in new "Author’s Preferred Technique" sections. Find the information you need more quickly with this completely reorganized text.
Author: David J. Pearsall
Publisher: ASTM International
ISBN: 0803134738
Category : Accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 301
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Book Description
"This publication, Safety in Ice Hockey: Fourth Volume, contains a collection of research papers presented at the Fourth Symposium on Ice Hockey held 5-6 May 2002 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in conjunction with the standards development meetings of Committee F08. This symposium was the fourth in a series: the first being held in 1987 in Montreal, the second in 1992 in Pittsburgh, and the third in 1997 in St. Louis. The objective of the symposium and corresponding publications has been to review the current state-of-the-art and science of ice hockey injury prevention."
Author: Rolland S. Parker
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142000798X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 855
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Book Description
Focusing on a public health problem affecting millions of people of all ages, the second edition of Concussive Brain Trauma: Neurobehavioral Impairment and Maladaptation reflects Dr. Rolland S. Parker's more than 25 years of neuropsychological practice and research in traumatic brain injury and stress, and his prior experience as a clinical psychol
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1748
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Book Description
Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
