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Author: N.S. Gajbhiye
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354078697X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1282
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Book Description
Disordered nature of structural arrangement in amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys gives rise to advantageous soft magnetic properties in particular from a practical application viewpoint [1]. Especially nanocrystalline alloys attract a lot of scienti?c interest because, contrary to their amorphous counterparts, their magnetic parameters do not substantially deteriorate at elevated temperatures during the process of their practical exploitation. To bene?t from their unique magnetic pr- erties, the mechanism of crystallization should be known. Here, we present the study of structural transformation of NANOPERM-type alloys by the help of Mössbauer spectrometry, conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD), and by an advanced diffraction of synchrotron radiation. 2 Experimental Alloys of the composition Fe Mo Cu B for x = 12, 15, 17, 20 prepared by 91?x 8 1 x 57 rapid quenching on a rotating wheel were analyzed in the as-cast state by Fe transmission Mössbauer spectrometry (TMS) and by conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry (CEMS). The obtained as-quenched ribbons were about 10 mm wide and 20 ?m thick. The nanocrystalline state was achieved by annealing about 2 cm ? long samples for 1 h at temperatures up to 650 C in a vacuum. Conventional XRD was performed with Cu-K radiation in Bragg-Brentano con?guration with graphite ? monochromator in the diffracted beam. Monochromatic synchrotron radiation of 7keV(? = 0. 178 nm) provided at the KMC-2 beamline at BESSY Berlin was used for in situ examinations of structural transformations during continuous heat treatment.
Author: N.S. Gajbhiye
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 354078697X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1282
Get Book Here
Book Description
Disordered nature of structural arrangement in amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys gives rise to advantageous soft magnetic properties in particular from a practical application viewpoint [1]. Especially nanocrystalline alloys attract a lot of scienti?c interest because, contrary to their amorphous counterparts, their magnetic parameters do not substantially deteriorate at elevated temperatures during the process of their practical exploitation. To bene?t from their unique magnetic pr- erties, the mechanism of crystallization should be known. Here, we present the study of structural transformation of NANOPERM-type alloys by the help of Mössbauer spectrometry, conventional X-ray diffraction (XRD), and by an advanced diffraction of synchrotron radiation. 2 Experimental Alloys of the composition Fe Mo Cu B for x = 12, 15, 17, 20 prepared by 91?x 8 1 x 57 rapid quenching on a rotating wheel were analyzed in the as-cast state by Fe transmission Mössbauer spectrometry (TMS) and by conversion electron Mössbauer spectrometry (CEMS). The obtained as-quenched ribbons were about 10 mm wide and 20 ?m thick. The nanocrystalline state was achieved by annealing about 2 cm ? long samples for 1 h at temperatures up to 650 C in a vacuum. Conventional XRD was performed with Cu-K radiation in Bragg-Brentano con?guration with graphite ? monochromator in the diffracted beam. Monochromatic synchrotron radiation of 7keV(? = 0. 178 nm) provided at the KMC-2 beamline at BESSY Berlin was used for in situ examinations of structural transformations during continuous heat treatment.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Metallurgy
Languages : en
Pages : 1216
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Book Description
Author: D.C. Creagh
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080540198
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 519
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Book Description
/inca/publications/misc/creaghcov.htmAbout the coverThis book contains twenty chapters covering a wide range of research in the fields of scientific conservation of art and archaeometry. The common thread is the use of radiation in these analyses. The term "radiation" is used in the widest possible sense. The book encompasses the use of electromagnetic radiation in its microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x ray and &ggr; ray forms and the use of particulate forms such as electrons, neutrons and charged particles for which the Planck's Law relation applies. In many cases there is an interplay between the two forms: for example, proton induced x ray emission (PIXE), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). As far as possible the chapters have been arranged in order of ascending particle energy. Thus it commences with the use of microwaves and finishes with the use of &ggr; rays. The authors were chosen on the basis of their expertise as practitioners of their particular field of study. This means that, for example, the mature fields of study such as the IR and UV study of paintings have been written by senior researchers, whereas for the emerging fields of synchrotron and neutron techniques the chapters have been written by talented researchers at the commencement of their careers.
Author: Da-Cheng Hao
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
ISBN: 0081001037
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 694
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Book Description
Medicinal Plants: Chemistry, Biology and Omics reviews the phytochemistry, chemotaxonomy, molecular biology, and phylogeny of selected medicinal plant tribes and genera, and their relevance to drug efficacy. Medicinal plants provide a myriad of pharmaceutically active components, which have been commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and worldwide for thousands of years. Increasing interest in plant-based medicinal resources has led to additional discoveries of many novel compounds, in various angiosperm and gymnosperm species, and investigations on their chemotaxonomy, molecular phylogeny and pharmacology. Chapters in this book explore the interrelationship within traditional Chinese medicinal plant groups and between Chinese species and species outside of China. Chapters also discuss the incongruence between chemotaxonomy and molecular phylogeny, concluding with chapters on systems biology and "-omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics), and how they will play an increasingly important role in future pharmaceutical research. - Reviews best practice and essential developments in medicinal plant chemistry and biology - Discusses the principles and applications of various techniques used to discover medicinal compounds - Explores the analysis and classification of novel plant-based medicinal compounds - Includes case studies on pharmaphylogeny - Compares and integrates traditional knowledge and current perception of worldwide medicinal plants
Author:
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309096251
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
Examines the application of scientific methods to the study and conservation of art and cultural properties. This work addresses scientific topics of broad interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines and attracting up to 250 leadingresearchers in the field.
Author: Mary Ann Zaitz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
Author: Reinhold Klockenkämper
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118460278
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 554
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Book Description
Explores the uses of TXRF in micro- and trace analysis, and in surface- and near-surface-layer analysis • Pinpoints new applications of TRXF in different fields of biology, biomonitoring, material and life sciences, medicine, toxicology, forensics, art history, and archaeometry • Updated and detailed sections on sample preparation taking into account nano- and picoliter techniques • Offers helpful tips on performing analyses, including sample preparations, and spectra recording and interpretation • Includes some 700 references for further study
Author: M. Steven Shackley
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1441968865
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
Since the 1960s, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), both wavelength and energy-dispersive have served as the workhorse for non-destructive and destructive analyses of archaeological materials. Recently eclipsed by other instrumentation such as LA-ICP-MS, XRF remains the mainstay of non-destructive chemical analyses in archaeology, particularly for volcanic rocks, and most particularly for obsidian. In a world where heritage and repatriation issues drive archaeological method and theory, XRF remains an important tool for understanding the human past, and will remain so for decades to come. Currently, there is no comprehensive book in XRF applications in archaeology at a time when the applications of portable XRF and desktop XRF instrumentation are exploding particularly in anthropology and archaeology departments worldwide. The contributors to this volume are the experts in the field, and most are at the forefront of the newest applications of XRF to archaeological problems. It covers all relevant aspects of the field for those using the newest XRF technologies to deal with very current issues in archaeology.
Author: Iris F. F. Benzie
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439807167
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
The global popularity of herbal supplements and the promise they hold in treating various disease states has caused an unprecedented interest in understanding the molecular basis of the biological activity of traditional remedies. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects focuses on presenting current scientific evidence of biomolecular ef
Author: E.P. Bertin
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461344166
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1098
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Book Description
Since the first edition of this book was published early in 1970, three major developments have occurred in the field of x-ray spectrochemical analysis. First, wavelength-dispersive spectrometry, in 1970 already securely established among instrumental analytical methods, has matured. Highly sophisticated, miniaturized, modular, solid-state circuitry has replaced elec tron-tube circuitry in the readout system. Computers are now widely used to program and control fully automated spectrometers and to store, process, and compute analytical concentrations directly and immediately from ac cumulated count data. Matrix effects have largely yielded to mathematical treatment. The problems associated with the ultralong-wavelength region have been largely surmounted. Indirect (association) methods have extended the applicability of x-ray spectrometry to the entire periodic table and even to certain classes of compounds. Modern commercial, computerized, auto matic, simultaneous x-ray spectrometers can index up to 60 specimens in turn into the measurement position and for each collect count data for up to 30 elements and read out the analytical results in 1--4 min-all corrected for absorption-enhancement and particle-size or surface-texture effects and wholly unattended. Sample preparation has long been the time-limiting step in x-ray spectrochemical analysis. Second, energy-dispersive spectrometry, in 1970 only beginning to assume its place among instrumental analytical methods, has undergone phenomenal development and application and, some believe, may supplant wavelength spectrometry for most applications in the foreseeable future.
