Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Abstract : We all enjoy sports be it watching or playing. Concussion is well known topic when it comes sports related injuries. However, concussion and brain injury is not exclusive to sports and outdoor activities. Sometimes, even the impact due to slip and fall at small heights can cause serious damage to the head and brain. This report studies the response generated in the human head model and the commercially use dummy NOCSAE headform due to drop from height of 2, 3, 4 and 5 feet. Earlier studies have related brain kinetics and head kinematics to concussion and traumatic brain injury (TBI). There are also studies that relate the linear and angular accelerations between different commercial dummy head models and the human head model, which were done experimentally. The main purpose of his study is to compare these parameters for the both models analytically using simulations. The linear velocity corresponding to each drop height were calculated and used as input data for the simulations. The impacts were simulated using RADIOSS solver in Hypermesh. Various parameters like contact force, linear acceleration and its components along each of the co-ordinate axes were extracted from the FE analysis. These values were utilized to calculate linear and angular acceleration for the entire models. These values were plotted against tolerance limits for various levels of brain injury. v It was observed that linear acceleration values for both the Human Head model and the dummy NOCSAE Headform confirm each other. Superior impact of the head was found most susceptible to traumatic brain injury followed by lateral impact when linear acceleration was considered as the criteria. The values of angular acceleration though did not represent glaring similarities between the two models, but there was a general trend of increase in angular acceleration with increase in drop height.
Author: W. King
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475715021
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
Author: Hao Hu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Author: Richard G. Snyder
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Falls (Accidents)
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
"Human deceleration tolerances beyond the limits imposed by voluntary experimental methods were studied by means of intensive case histories of 137 individuals who have survived extremely abrupt impacts in accidental, suicidal, and homicidal free-falls. Fall distances ranged up to 275' and calculated velocities up to 116 ft/sec (79 mph). Physical and biological data are presented on both sexes with an age range of 1 1/2 to 91 years, and with impacts occurring in all body axis orientations. A detailed analysis of factors found to affect survivability in free-fall impacts is made. These cases, out of some 12,000 free-falls collected in the past two years, demonstrate that humans have survived impact forces considerably greater than those previously believed tolerable."--Abstract.
Author: Alex Nelson Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
A biofidelic finite element model was developed from an acquired set of CT scans for a range of human head and UAS impacts to provide simulations of multiple velocity scenarios of impact severity at four impact orientations on the human head. The hypothesis was that a correlation existed between the total amounts of kinetic energy of the impact from the UAS and human head collision, as well as that location of impact plays a role in the injury risk sustained. Linear acceleration, angular velocity, and pressure data values were calculated for each individual simulated case and then further correlated to injury risks that represent the severity of damage that would be sustained from the collision. Resulting data proved to show that impact kinetic energy, impact orientation, and impact response of the head and UAS all play vital roles in the amount of damage that is sustained from the impact collisions.
Author: Yang Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781321646580
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
The finite element method (FEM) is a way of solving partial differential equation on a spatially (and temporarily) discretized model. It is widely used in medical applications. In this research, we develop a tool to calculate the response to an impact on human head and brain. We use the finite element method to model the solid tissue as linear elastic materials and the fluid-filled (1) as impressible viscous fluid. The geometric (2) model is derived from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data of a real subject. To solve the nonlinear dynamic problem, we use the Newton-Raphson method, and employ parallelization to speed up the computation. Example simulations demonstrate the validation of the model.
Author: Society of Automotive Engineers
Publisher: SAE International
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 158
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Book Description
Thirteen papers from the biomechanics technical sessions of the 2002 SAE congress use laboratory experiments, computer models, and field data to evaluate the human body's kinematics, kinetics, and injury potential in response to impact loads caused by automobile accidents. Topics include finite elem
Author: Melanie Franklyn
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1498742831
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 431
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Book Description
Military Injury Biomechanics: The Cause and Prevention of Impact Injuries is a reference manual where information and data from a large number of sources, focussing on injuries related to military events, has been critically reviewed and discussed. The book covers the cause and prevention of impact injuries to all the major body regions, while topics such as the historical background of military impact biomechanics, the history and use of anthropomorphic test devices for military applications and the medical management of injuries are also discussed. An international team of experts have been brought together to examine and review the topics. The book is intended for researchers, postgraduate students and others working or studying defence and impact injuries.
Author: Peter M. McGinnis
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 1492581585
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Please note: This text was replaced with a fourth edition. This version is available only for courses using the third edition and will be discontinued at the end of the semester. Taking a unique approach to the presentation of mechanical concepts, Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise eBook, Third Edition With Web Resource, introduces exercise and sport biomechanics in simple terms. By providing mechanics before functional anatomy, the book helps students understand forces and their effects before studying how body structures deal with forces. Students will learn to appreciate the consequences of external forces, how the body generates internal forces to maintain position, and how forces create movement in physical activities. Rather than presenting the principles as isolated and abstract, the text enables students to discover the principles of biomechanics for themselves through observation. By examining ordinary activities firsthand, students will develop meaningful explanations resulting in a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanical concepts. This practical approach combines striking visual elements with clear and concise language to encourage active learning and improved comprehension. This updated edition maintains the organization and features that made previous editions user friendly, such as a quick reference guide of frequently used equations printed on the inside cover and review questions at the end of each chapter to test students’ understanding of important concepts. The third edition also incorporates new features to facilitate learning: • Two online resources incorporate sample problems and use of video to allow practical application of the material. • New art and diagrams enhance problem sets and help students visualize the mechanics of real-world scenarios. • Increased number of review questions (200) and problem sets (120) provide an opportunity for practical application of concepts. • Greater emphasis on the basics, including improved descriptions of conversions and an expanded explanation of the assumption of point mass when modeling objects, provides a stronger foundation for understanding. • New content on deriving kinematic data from video or film and the use of accelerometers in monitoring physical activity keeps students informed of technological advances in the field. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise eBook, Third Edition With Web Resource, is supplemented with two companion resources that will help students better comprehend the material. Packaged with this e-book, the web resource includes all of the problems from the book, separated by chapter, plus 18 sample problems that guide students step by step through the process of solving. This e-book may also be enhanced with access to MaxTRAQ Educational 2D software for Windows. MaxTRAQ Educational 2D software enables students to analyze and quantify real-world sport movements in video clips and upload their own video content for analysis. The software supplements the final section of the text that bridges the concepts of internal and external forces with the application of biomechanics; it also provides an overview of the technology used in conducting quantitative biomechanical analyses. The MaxTRAQ Educational 2D software must be purchased separately to supplement this e-book at the MaxTRAQ website. Instructors will benefit from an updated ancillary package. An instructor guide outlines each chapter and offers step-by-step solutions to the quantitative problems presented, as well as sample lecture topics, student activities, and teaching tips. A test package makes it easy to prepare quizzes and tests, and an image bank contains most of the figures and tables from the text for use in developing course presentations. Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise, Third Edition, is ideal for those needing a deeper understanding of biomechanics from a qualitative perspective. Thoroughly updated and expanded, this text makes the biomechanics of physical activity easy to understand and apply.
Author: Eric Finkelstein
Publisher:
ISBN: 019517948X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Injuries are one of the most serious public health problems facing the United States today. Through premature death, disability, medical cost and lost productivity, injuries impact the health and welfare of all Americans. Deaths only begin to tell the story. Although many injuries are minor, a large proportion result in fractures, amputations, burns, or other significant injuries that have far-reaching consequences. Now, for the first time in over 15 years, we have comprehensive estimates of the impact of these injuries in economic terms. This book updates a landmark Report to Congress from 1989. Since the report, no undertaking has addressed the incidence and economic burden of injuries with more timely data, despite major changes in the fields of prevention, reporting, and surveillance. Since the mid-eighties, new safety technologies have been developed to prevent injuries or to decrease the severity of injuries, and new policies and laws have been enacted to promote injury prevention. Chapter topics include incidence by detailed categorizations, lifetime medical costs and productivity losses as a result of injuries, and a discussion of recent trends. Lavishly illustrated with tables and graphs, this volume is a valuable reference for public health practitioners, researchers, and students alike.
