Double-booked: Effects of overlap between school and farming calendars on education and child labor PDF Download
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Author: Allen IV, James
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 76
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Book Description
Across sub-Saharan Africa, countries with a greater percentage of overlapping days in their school and farming calendars also have lower primary school survival rates. In theory, greater overlap between the school and farming calendars should indeed reduce schooling investments, and farm-based child labor too, as it constrains the time allocation opportunity set for both productive activities. I causally identify such effects by leveraging a four-month shift to the school calendar in Malawi that exogenously changed the number of days that the school calendar overlapped with specific crop calendars, which differentially affected communities based on their pre-policy crop allotments. Using panel data for school-aged children, I find that a 10-day increase in school calendar overlap during peak farming periods significantly decreases school advancement by 0.34 grades (one lost grade for every three children) and the share of children engaged in peak-period household farming by 11 percentage points after four years. Secondary analyses reveal stronger negative schooling impacts for girls and poorer households driven by overlap with the labor-intensive planting period. A policy simulation illustrates that adapting the school calendar to minimize overlap with peak farming periods is a highly cost-effective educational intervention to increase school participation by better accommodating farm labor demand.
Author: Allen IV, James
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 76
Get Book Here
Book Description
Across sub-Saharan Africa, countries with a greater percentage of overlapping days in their school and farming calendars also have lower primary school survival rates. In theory, greater overlap between the school and farming calendars should indeed reduce schooling investments, and farm-based child labor too, as it constrains the time allocation opportunity set for both productive activities. I causally identify such effects by leveraging a four-month shift to the school calendar in Malawi that exogenously changed the number of days that the school calendar overlapped with specific crop calendars, which differentially affected communities based on their pre-policy crop allotments. Using panel data for school-aged children, I find that a 10-day increase in school calendar overlap during peak farming periods significantly decreases school advancement by 0.34 grades (one lost grade for every three children) and the share of children engaged in peak-period household farming by 11 percentage points after four years. Secondary analyses reveal stronger negative schooling impacts for girls and poorer households driven by overlap with the labor-intensive planting period. A policy simulation illustrates that adapting the school calendar to minimize overlap with peak farming periods is a highly cost-effective educational intervention to increase school participation by better accommodating farm labor demand.
Author: Management Association, Information Resources
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1668436914
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 1656
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Book Description
Given the boost in global immigration and migration, as well as the emphasis on creating inclusive classrooms, research is turning to the challenges that teachers face with the increasing need for bilingual and multilingual education. The benefits of bilingual education are widespread, allowing students to develop important cognitive skills such as critical thinking and problem solving as well as opening further career opportunities later in life. However, very few resources are available for the successful practice and implementation of this education into the curriculum, with an even greater lack of appropriate cultural representation in the classroom. Thus, it is essential for educators to remain knowledgeable on the emerging strategies and procedures available for making bilingual and multilingual education successful. The Research Anthology on Bilingual and Multilingual Education is a comprehensive reference source on bilingual and multilingual education that offers the latest insights on education strategy and considerations on the language learners themselves. This research anthology features a diverse collection of authors, offering valuable global perspectives on multilingual education. Covering topics such as gamification, learning processes, and teaching models, this anthology serves as an essential resource for professors, teachers, pre-service teachers, faculty of K-12 and higher education, government officials, policymakers, researchers, and academicians with an interest in key strategy and understanding of bilingual and multilingual education.
Author: Judy Diamond
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000901777
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 388
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Book Description
This collection explores the broad landscape of current and future out-of-school science learning environments. Written by leading experts and innovators in informal science learning, these thoughtful and critical essays examine the changing nature of informal institutions such as science museums, zoos, nature centers, planetariums, aquaria, and botanical gardens and their impact on science education. The book examines the learning opportunities and challenges created by community-based experiences including citizen science, makerspaces, science media, escape rooms, hobby groups, and gaming. Based on current practices, case studies, and research, the book focuses on four cross-cutting themes – inclusivity, digital engagement, community partnerships, and bridging formal and informal learning – to examine how people learn science informally. The book will be of interest to STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) educators – both in and out of school – designers of science and experiential education programs, and those interested in building STEM learning ecosystems in their communities.
Author: Marilyn Lichtman
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1000825981
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 471
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Book Description
The fourth edition of this reader-friendly book offers an accessible introduction to conducting qualitative research in education. The text begins with an introduction to the history, context, and traditions of qualitative research, and then walks readers step-by-step through the research process. Lichtman outlines research planning and design, as well as the methodologies, techniques, and strategies to help researchers make the best use of their qualitative investigation. Throughout, chapters touch on important issues that impact this research process such as ethics and subjectivity and making use of technology. The fourth edition has been thoroughly revised and updated featuring new examples, an increased focus on virtual and digital data collection, and the latest approaches to qualitative research. Written in a practical, conversational style and full of real-world scenarios drawn from across education, this book is a practical compendium on qualitative research in education ideal for graduate and advanced undergraduate research methods courses and early career researchers alike. Hear Marilyn discuss what inspired her to write this fourth edition and what readers can expect. In this podcast episode of The Qualitative Report, she discusses the various types of qualitative research and what defines quality and rigor as well as current issues in education and how qualitative research methods can be used to address them. Finally, she shares her thoughts about technology and the future of qualitative research.
Author: Dick Stroud
Publisher: Dick Stroud Ventures
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 812
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Book Description
This is the story of secondary modern schools based on facts - not prejudice. It is an alternative to the popular narrative that these schools were a scar on the country’s educational history.' The Secondary Mod' is a journey – perhaps more a voyage of discovery. Along the way you will discover that the accepted stories about the tripartite system and comprehensive schools are a simplistic distortion of the truth. Worse still, the mistakes the education establishment made in the past still determine how children are educated today. Researched using the National Archives, this book explores the evolution of secondary education in England and Wales from the end of WWI to the early 2000s. It’s a tale of bureaucratic reports, well-meaning ideas badly implemented and the harsh realities of life after WWII. What we learn enables us to answer the question ‘were secondary moderns a monstrous mistake or much maligned?’ You may be surprised.
Author: Boivin, Jacquelynne Anne
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799880265
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
In the USA, racism is the most widespread root of oppression. Black people in America, specifically, have suffered from centuries of discrimination and still struggle to receive the same privileges as their white peers. In other countries, however, there are other groups that face similar struggles. Discrimination and oppression based on religion, ethnicity, socio-economic status, political affiliation, and caste are just a few categories. However, education is a root for widespread societal change, making it essential that educators and systems of education enact the changes that need to occur to achieve equity for the groups being oppressed. Education as the Driving Force of Equity for the Marginalized highlights international research from the past decade about the role education is playing in the disruption and dismantling of perpetuated systems of oppression. This research presents the context, ideas, and mechanics behind impactful efforts to dismantle systems of oppression. Covering topics such as teacher preparation, gender inequality, and social justice, this work is essential for teachers, policymakers, college students, education faculty, researchers, administrators, professors, and academicians.
Author: Ali Vialdores Sr.
Publisher: WestBow Press
ISBN: 1664297502
Category : Self-Help
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
WARNING: Do Not Read This Book if accomplishing your dreams does not interest you! Everyone has a dream. Some of us dream more than others and some dreams are smaller than others; but we all have them. The reality is that most of us will die without ever seeing them fulfilled. 98% of us to be exact. In Diaries of an Athlete, Life Coach, National Speaker/Marketing Consultant, and former football player Ali Vialdores reveals a transformative eight-step approach to accomplishing your dreams. He delivers the common denominators most champions share and continue to utilize in every aspect of their lives. Vialdores inspires you with the wealth of information he provides in the form of research-based strategies, career highlights from a variety of athletes, and his firsthand experience. Diaries of an Athlete equips you with the necessary tools, eight essential keys, to successfully unlock the greatness within that you’ve been holding back. “This book has been amazing to read! Truly grabs your attention and shows the importance of resilience shown in tough situations as an athlete.” —Essence I. Cody Forward for the University of Alabama women’s basketball team, McDonald’s All-American “Diaries of an Athlete captures the true human experience of chasing your dreams, getting knocked down, learning and growing, while holding the foundations of faith at its core. It captivates the idea of perseverance and pushing forward in the face of real-world problems. If you can’t get motivated after reading this book, then nothing will do it.” —Josh Blackwell NFL Cornerback for the Chicago Bears “I thoroughly enjoyed reading Diaries of an Athlete, as Vialdores does a great job challenging the reader to self-reflect while navigating through his guiding principles he’s paired with inspiring stories of renown athletes.” —Dino Babers Syracuse University Head Football Coach
Author: ANNABEL WATSON
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000483266
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 255
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Book Description
A Practical Guide to Teaching English in the Secondary School offers straightforward advice, inspiration and a wide range of tried and tested approaches to help you find success in the secondary English classroom. Covering all aspects of English teaching, it is designed for you to dip in and out of, and enable you to focus on specific areas of teaching, your programme or pupils’ learning. Fully updated to reflect what student and early career teachers see and experience when they enter the classroom, the second edition supports trainee and practicing teachers to teach in imaginative and creative ways to promote learning in English. Packed with ideas, resources, practical teaching activities and underpinned by the latest research into how children learn, the book examines the core areas of reading, writing and spoken English including: • Plays, poetry, non-fiction, myths and legends, drama and Shakespeare • Developing writing • Creative grammar • Talk and classroom dialogue • Media and digital writing • English across the curriculum • Well-being through writing • Literature and language post-16. Including tools to support critical reflection, A Practical Guide to Teaching English in the Secondary School is an essential companion for all training and newly qualified English teachers.
Author: Sherman Alexie
Publisher: Little, Brown Books for Young Readers
ISBN: 0316219304
Category : Young Adult Fiction
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
A New York Times bestseller—over one million copies sold! A National Book Award winner A Boston Globe-Horn Book Award winner Bestselling author Sherman Alexie tells the story of Junior, a budding cartoonist growing up on the Spokane Indian Reservation. Determined to take his future into his own hands, Junior leaves his troubled school on the rez to attend an all-white farm town high school where the only other Indian is the school mascot. Heartbreaking, funny, and beautifully written, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian, which is based on the author's own experiences, coupled with poignant drawings by Ellen Forney that reflect the character's art, chronicles the contemporary adolescence of one Native American boy as he attempts to break away from the life he was destined to live. With a forward by Markus Zusak, interviews with Sherman Alexie and Ellen Forney, and black-and-white interior art throughout, this edition is perfect for fans and collectors alike.
Author: Dawn P. Witherspoon
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031231635
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Book Description
This book examines the challenges faced by developmental scientists as the population under the age of 18 in the United States has become a majority-minority, with no racial/ethnic group having a numeric majority. The volume tackles how these demographic shifts compel scientists to consider the unique and universal processes that promote the growth, thriving, and resilience of these populations across this new landscape and also takes into account systems of oppression, power, privilege, racial justice, and structural disadvantage. It describes the challenges of conducting research with diverse populations and offers practical methodological solutions. The book provides an overview of the current demographic shifts and their implications for developmental researchers. It examines key diversity science constructs that need to be considered for all developmental research within this new global context in which societies are becoming more diverse. In particular, chapters address how to measure and conceptualize these constructs using within-group designs as well as research that includes youth from multiple backgrounds. In addition, the volume focuses on the contexts that shape the developmental trajectories of youth and how best to capture these contexts with an eye toward diversity science. Key areas of coverage include: Identifying best practices in the conceptualization and measurement of race and ethnicity in developmental science at the individual and contextual levels. Stimulating a dialogue that translates to an actionable agenda designed to tackle issues of conceptualization and measurement of key constructs associated with race/ethnicity. Leading-edge strategies for building interdisciplinary teams to conduct ethical and responsible work with diverse populations that include scholars of color. Finally, the book addresses translational work, including how the incorporation of diversity science can influence policy and help build collaborative research teams that are well-poised to conduct ethical research in these diverse populations. The volume provides recommendations for researchers to incorporate diversity science into their work. This book is a must-have resource for researchers, professors, clinicians, therapists and other professionals as well as graduate students in developmental, clinical child, and school psychology, public health, ethnic studies, counseling, anthropology, African American/Black Studies, Latinx/Latino/Chicano Studies, and Asian American Studies.
