X-ray Study of Metal Enrichment Processes of Hot Gas in Clusters of Galaxies PDF Download
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Author: Yasushi Fukazawa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cosmochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Author: Yasushi Fukazawa
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cosmochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 217
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Author: Yuanyuan Su
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
Most of the baryonic matter in the Universe is not locked in stars. Instead, groups and clusters of galaxies as well as early-type galaxies contain a large mass of baryons in X-ray emitting hot gas. The study of such hot gas provides us a better understanding not only about the evolution of hierarchical structure formation and metal enrichment processes but also about baryon physics such as radiative cooling, ram pressure stripping, heating from active galactic nucleus (AGNs) and galactic winds. Moreover, such knowledge is invaluable for us to probe cosmology through galaxy clusters. In this dissertation I investigated the hot gas properties of galaxies and galaxy groups in three major scientific projects: (1) The measured metal abundance of the hot gas in early-type galaxies has been known to be lower than theoretical expectations. This may be related to the dilution of hot gas by mixing with cold gas. We studied the hot gas metal abundance with a sample of 32 early-type galaxies observed by italicChandraitalic and italicXMM-Newtonitalic. We find that there is virtually no correlation between hot gas Fe abundances and their atomic gas content. In contrast, we demonstrate a negative correlation between the measured hot gas Fe abundance and the ratio of molecular gas mass to hot gas mass. (2) We studied the X-ray brightest fossil group (poor cluster) ESO~3060170 out to its virial radius with italicSuzakuitalic. The entropy and pressure profiles in the outer regions are flatter than in simulated clusters, similar to what is seen in observations of massive clusters. This may indicate that the gas is clumpy and/or the gas has been redistributed. (3) The nearby group centered on its bright central galaxy NGC~1407 has been thought to be an unusually dark system from previous kinematic studies. It is also known for hosting a bright galaxy NGC~1400 with a huge radial velocity difference (1200 km s$^{-1}$) with respect to the group center. We investigated the NGC~1407/1400 complex with italicXMM-Newtonitalic and italicChandraitalic observations. We show that a region of enhanced surface brightness between NGC~1407 and NGC~1400 is likely to be hot gas stripped from NGC~1400's ISM. We inferred that NGC~1407 system has a normal mass-to-light ratio from an X-ray--determined hydrostatic mass estimate.
Author: Jelle de Plaa
Publisher: Jelle de Plaa
ISBN: 9039344396
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 161
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Book Description
Clusters of galaxies are the biggest objects known in the universe. They consist of large groups of hundreds of galaxies that each contain hundreds of billions of stars. The member galaxies are embedded in a cloud of hot X-ray emitting gas that spans over millions of light years. During the formation of clusters, a large fraction of the chemical elements that supernova explosions produce is ejected from the galaxies into the surrounding hot gas. In this thesis, Jelle de Plaa presents the results of his study of this chemical enrichment of the hot gas. He used observations performed by ESA's XMM-Newton X-ray observatory to measure the abundances of several elements and compared them to supernova-model yields.
Author: Jelle Kaastra
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387788751
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
The existence of soft excess emission originating from clusters of galaxies, de ned as em- sion detected below 1 keV in excess over the usual thermal emission from hot intracluster gas (hereafter the ICM) has been claimed since 1996. Soft excesses are particularly - portant to detect because they may (at least partly) be due to thermal emission from the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium, where as much as half of the baryons of the Universe could be. They are therefore of fundamental cosmological importance. Soft excess emission has been observed (and has also given rise to controversy) in a number of clusters, mainly raising the following questions: (1) Do clusters really show a soft excess? (2) If so, from what spatial region(s) of the cluster does the soft excess or- inate? (3) Is this excess emission thermal, originating from warm-hot intergalactic gas (at 6 temperatures of?10 K), or non-thermal, in which case several emission mechanisms have been proposed. Interestingly, some of the non-thermal mechanisms suggested to account for soft excess emission can also explain the hard X-ray emission detected in some clusters, for example by RXTE and BeppoSAX (also see Petrosian et al. 2008—Chap. 10, this issue; Rephaeli et al. 2008—Chap. 5, this issue).
Author: W.C. Seitter
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401110220
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
The NATO Advanced Study Institute "Cosmological Aspects of X-Ray Clus ters of Galaxies" took place in Vel en , Westphalia, Germany, from June 6 to June 18, 1993. It addressed the fruitful union of two topics, cosmology and X-ray clus ters, both of which carry substantial scientific weight at the beginning of the last decenium of the last century in the second millenium of our era. The so far largest X-ray "All-Sky Survey", observed by the ROSAT X-ray satel lite, and ROSAT's deep pointed observations, have considerably enlarged the base of X-ray astronomy, particularly concerning extragalactic sources. Cosmology has gained significant impetus from the large optical direct and spectroscopic surveys, based on high quality 2-dimensional receivers at large telescopes and powerful scan ning devices, harvesting the full information 1 content from the older technique of employing photographic plates. Radioastronomy and IR-astronomy with IRAS, as well as r-astronomy with GRO, continue and strengthen the role of extragalactic research. The rapidly growing computer power in data reduction and data storage facilities support the evolution towards large-number statistics. A most significant push was given to early cosmology by the needs of physics in trying to unravel the nature of forces which govern our material world. The topic of the ASI was chosen because it opens new vistas on this for ever new problem: the universe. Clusters of galaxies probe large-scale matter distributions and the structure of space-time.
Author: COSPAR. Scientific Assembly
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Astrophysics
Languages : en
Pages : 596
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Author: Mark Jeffrey Henriksen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Galaxies
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Author: Andre Balogh
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 149393547X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 357
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Book Description
This book offers eleven coordinated reviews on multi-scale structure formation in cosmic plasmas in the Universe. Observations and theories of plasma structures are presented in all relevant astrophysical contexts, from the Earth’s magnetosphere through heliospheric and galactic scales to clusters of galaxies and the large scale structure of the Universe. Basic processes in cosmic plasmas starting from electric currents and the helicity concept governing the dynamics of magnetic structures in planet magnetospheres, stellar winds, and relativistic plasma outflows like pulsar wind nebulae and Active Galactic Nuclei jets are covered. The multi-wavelength view from the radio to gamma-rays with modern high resolution telescopes discussed in the book reveals a beautiful and highly informative picture of both coherent and chaotic plasma structures tightly connected by strong mutual influence. The authors are all leading scientists in their fields, making this book an authoritative, up‐to‐date and enduring contribution to astrophysics.
Author: John S. Mulchaey
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521755771
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Series of review papers covering clusters of galaxies and related phenomena.
Author: Charles Kirkpatrick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 141
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Book Description
Clusters of galaxies are host to powerful Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) that greatly affect the thermal history of clusters. By keeping X-ray emitting gas from cooling, massive, run away star formation does not occur in the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). This is achieved through radio jets displacing large quantities of metal-rich gas and carving out cavities in the intracluster medium (ICM). This metal-rich gas was originally formed within the BCG and ejected through type Ia supernovae. The current distribution of the ejecta suggests an extra source of energy has spread the material far out into the ICM. Currently, it is unclear what mechanisms are responsible. In this thesis, I present evidence, in the form of X-ray imaging and spectra, that establishes a link between AGN and the observed distribution of metal-rich gas. First, the BCG in the Abell 1664 cluster is unusually blue and is forming stars at a rate of ~23 solar masses per year. The BCG is located within 5 kpc of the X-ray peak, where the cooling time of 3.5x10^8 yr and entropy of 10.4 keV cm^2 are consistent with other star-forming BCGs in cooling flow clusters. The cooling rate in this region is roughly consistent with the star formation rate, suggesting that the hot gas is condensing onto the BCG. We use the scaling relations of Birzan et al. (2008) to show that the AGN is underpowered compared to the central X-ray cooling luminosity by roughly a factor of three. We suggest that A1664 is experiencing rapid cooling and star formation during a low-state of an AGN feedback cycle that regulates the rates of cooling and star formation. Modeling the emission as a single temperature plasma, we find that the metallicity peaks 100 kpc from the X-ray center, resulting in a central metallicity dip. However, a multi-temperature cooling flow model improves the fit to the X-ray emission and is able to recover the expected, centrally-peaked metallicity profile. Next, using deep Chandra observations of the Hydra A galaxy cluster, we examine the metallicity structure near the central galaxy and along its powerful radio source. We show that the metallicity of the ICM is enhanced by up to 0.2 dex along the radio jets and lobes compared to the metallicity of the undisturbed gas. The enhancements extend from a radius of 20 kpc from the central galaxy to a distance of ~120 kpc. We estimate the total iron mass that has been transported out of the central galaxy to be between 2E7 and 7E7 solar masses which represents 10% - 30% of the iron mass within the central galaxy. The energy required to lift this gas is roughly 1% to 5% of the total energetic output of the AGN. Evidently, Hydra A's powerful radio source is able to redistribute metal-enriched, low entropy gas throughout the core of the galaxy cluster. The short re-enrichment timescale
