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Author: Yoshio Waseda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642166350
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
X-ray diffraction crystallography for powder samples is a well-established and widely used method. It is applied to materials characterization to reveal the atomic scale structure of various substances in a variety of states. The book deals with fundamental properties of X-rays, geometry analysis of crystals, X-ray scattering and diffraction in polycrystalline samples and its application to the determination of the crystal structure. The reciprocal lattice and integrated diffraction intensity from crystals and symmetry analysis of crystals are explained. To learn the method of X-ray diffraction crystallography well and to be able to cope with the given subject, a certain number of exercises is presented in the book to calculate specific values for typical examples. This is particularly important for beginners in X-ray diffraction crystallography. One aim of this book is to offer guidance to solving the problems of 90 typical substances. For further convenience, 100 supplementary exercises are also provided with solutions. Some essential points with basic equations are summarized in each chapter, together with some relevant physical constants and the atomic scattering factors of the elements.
Author: Yoshio Waseda
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642166350
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
X-ray diffraction crystallography for powder samples is a well-established and widely used method. It is applied to materials characterization to reveal the atomic scale structure of various substances in a variety of states. The book deals with fundamental properties of X-rays, geometry analysis of crystals, X-ray scattering and diffraction in polycrystalline samples and its application to the determination of the crystal structure. The reciprocal lattice and integrated diffraction intensity from crystals and symmetry analysis of crystals are explained. To learn the method of X-ray diffraction crystallography well and to be able to cope with the given subject, a certain number of exercises is presented in the book to calculate specific values for typical examples. This is particularly important for beginners in X-ray diffraction crystallography. One aim of this book is to offer guidance to solving the problems of 90 typical substances. For further convenience, 100 supplementary exercises are also provided with solutions. Some essential points with basic equations are summarized in each chapter, together with some relevant physical constants and the atomic scattering factors of the elements.
Author: Yoshio Waseda
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783642166365
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
Author: Richard A Dunlap
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1643273388
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 125
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Book Description
For many years, evidence suggested that all solid materials either possessed a periodic crystal structure as proposed by the Braggs or they were amorphous glasses with no long-range order. In the 1970s, Roger Penrose hypothesized structures (Penrose tilings) with long-range order which were not periodic. The existence of a solid phase, known as a quasicrystal, that possessed the structure of a three dimensional Penrose tiling, was demonstrated experimentally in 1984 by Dan Shechtman and colleagues. Shechtman received the 2011 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery. The discovery and description of quasicrystalline materials provided the first concrete evidence that traditional crystals could be viewed as a subset of a more general category of ordered materials. This book introduces the diversity of structures that are now known to exist in solids through a consideration of quasicrystals (Part I) and the various structures of elemental carbon (Part II) and through an analysis of their relationship to conventional crystal structures. Both quasicrystals and the various allotropes of carbon are excellent examples of how our understanding of the microstructure of solids has progressed over the years beyond the concepts of traditional crystallography.
Author: E. J. Mittemeijer
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527649905
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 563
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Book Description
The role of diffraction methods for the solid-state sciences has been pivotal to determining the (micro)structure of a material. Particularly, the expanding activities in materials science have led to the development of new methods for analysis by diffraction. This book offers an authoritative overview of the new developments in the field of analysis of matter by (in particular X-ray, electron and neutron) diffraction. It is composed of chapters written by leading experts on 'modern diffraction methods'. The focus in the various chapters of this book is on the current forefront of research on and applications for diffraction methods. This unique book provides descriptions of the 'state of the art' and, at the same time, identifies avenues for future research. The book assumes only a basic knowledge of solid-state physics and allows the application of the described methods by the readers of the book (either graduate students or mature scientists).
Author: C. Suryanarayana
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489901485
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
In this, the only book available to combine both theoretical and practical aspects of x-ray diffraction, the authors emphasize a "hands on" approach through experiments and examples based on actual laboratory data. Part I presents the basics of x-ray diffraction and explains its use in obtaining structural and chemical information. In Part II, eight experimental modules enable the students to gain an appreciation for what information can be obtained by x-ray diffraction and how to interpret it. Examples from all classes of materials -- metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers -- are included. Diffraction patterns and Bragg angles are provided for students without diffractometers. 192 illustrations.
Author: E. W. Nuffield
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
1. Introduction 1; 2. The nature and generation of X-rays 29; 3. The diffraction of X-rays 46; 4. Systematically absent X-ray reflections and the determination of space group 87; 5. Polycrystal or powder methods 105; 6. Orientation and projection of morphological crystals 208; 7. The Laue method 226; 8. The reciprocal lattice 239; 9. The Buerger precession method 253; 10. The rotation and oscillation methods 283; 11. The equi-inclination Weissenberg method 302; 12. Single-crystal X-ray diffractometry 343; 13. A general method for orienting a crystal 351; Appendix : 1. The 230 space groups 365; 2. The six permutation of the orthorhombic space groups 370; 3. Space-group determinative tables 372; 4. Table of 1/2 (cos2 phi/sin phi + cos2 phi/phi) 385; 5. Data for constructing stereographic scales 388; 6. Mathematical relations between reciprocal- and direct-lattice constants 391; Index 405.
Author: Janice P. L. Kenney
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107070333
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 429
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Book Description
A comprehensive handbook outlining state-of-the-art analytical techniques used in geomicrobiology, for advanced students, researchers and professional scientists.
Author: Leroy Elbert Alexander
Publisher: Krieger Publishing Company
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
Author: Shih-Lin In-Hang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642821669
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
The three-dimensional arrangement of atoms and molecules in crystals and the comparable magnitude of x-ray wavelengths and interatomic distances make it possible for crystals to have more than one set of atomic planes that satisfy Bragg's law and simultaneously diffract an incident x-ray beam - this is the so-called multiple diffraction. This type of diffraction should, in prin ciple, reflect three-dimensional information about the structure of the dif fracting material. Recent progress in understanding this diffraction phenome non and in utilizing this diffraction technique in solid-state and materials sciences reveals the diversity as well as the importance of multiple diffraction of x-rays in application. Unfortunately, there has been no single book written that gives a sys tematic review of this type of diffraction, encompasses its diverse applica tions, and foresees future trends gf development. It is for this purpose that this book is designed. It is hoped that its appearance may possibly turn more attention of condensed-matter physicists, chemists and material scientists toward this particular phenomenon, and that new methods of non-destructive analysis of matter using this diffraction technique may be developed in the future.
Author: Harold P. Klug
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 716
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Book Description
