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Author: Michael Hölling
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 364254696X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
This book presents the results of the seminar “Wind Energy and the Impact of Turbulence on the Conversion Process” which was supported from three societies, namely the EUROMech, EAWE and ERCOFATC and took place in Oldenburg, Germany in spring 2012. The seminar was one of the first scientific meetings devoted to the common topic of wind energy and basic turbulence. The established community of researchers working on the challenging puzzle of turbulence for decades met the quite young community of researchers, who face the upcoming challenges in the fast growing field of wind energy applications. From the fluid mechanical point of view, wind turbines are large machines operating in the fully turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. In particular they are facing small-scale turbulent inflow conditions. It is one of the central puzzles in basic turbulence research to achieve a fundamental understanding of the peculiarities of small-scale turbulence. This book helps to better understand the resulting aerodynamics around the wind turbine’s blades and the forces transmitted into the machinery in this context of puzzling inflow conditions. This is a big challenge due to the multi-scale properties of the incoming wind field ranging from local flow conditions on the profile up to the interaction of wake flows in wind farms.
Author: Michael Hölling
Publisher: Springer Science & Business
ISBN: 364254696X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 207
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Book Description
This book presents the results of the seminar “Wind Energy and the Impact of Turbulence on the Conversion Process” which was supported from three societies, namely the EUROMech, EAWE and ERCOFATC and took place in Oldenburg, Germany in spring 2012. The seminar was one of the first scientific meetings devoted to the common topic of wind energy and basic turbulence. The established community of researchers working on the challenging puzzle of turbulence for decades met the quite young community of researchers, who face the upcoming challenges in the fast growing field of wind energy applications. From the fluid mechanical point of view, wind turbines are large machines operating in the fully turbulent atmospheric boundary layer. In particular they are facing small-scale turbulent inflow conditions. It is one of the central puzzles in basic turbulence research to achieve a fundamental understanding of the peculiarities of small-scale turbulence. This book helps to better understand the resulting aerodynamics around the wind turbine’s blades and the forces transmitted into the machinery in this context of puzzling inflow conditions. This is a big challenge due to the multi-scale properties of the incoming wind field ranging from local flow conditions on the profile up to the interaction of wake flows in wind farms.
Author: Bernhard Stoevesandt
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030313077
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1495
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Book Description
This handbook provides both a comprehensive overview and deep insights on the state-of-the-art methods used in wind turbine aerodynamics, as well as their advantages and limits. The focus of this work is specifically on wind turbines, where the aerodynamics are different from that of other fields due to the turbulent wind fields they face and the resultant differences in structural requirements. It gives a complete picture of research in the field, taking into account the different approaches which are applied. This book would be useful to professionals, academics, researchers and students working in the field.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309108349
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
The generation of electricity by wind energy has the potential to reduce environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. Although the use of wind energy to generate electricity is increasing rapidly in the United States, government guidance to help communities and developers evaluate and plan proposed wind-energy projects is lacking. Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects offers an analysis of the environmental benefits and drawbacks of wind energy, along with an evaluation guide to aid decision-making about projects. It includes a case study of the mid-Atlantic highlands, a mountainous area that spans parts of West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. This book will inform policy makers at the federal, state, and local levels.
Author: Tony L. Burton
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119451094
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1016
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Book Description
Fully updated and authoritative reference to wind energy technology written by leading academic and industry professionals The newly revised Third Edition of the Wind Energy Handbook delivers a fully updated treatment of key developments in wind technology since the publication of the book’s Second Edition in 2011. The criticality of wakes within wind farms is addressed by the addition of an entirely new chapter on wake effects, including ‘engineering’ wake models and wake control. Offshore, attention is focused for the first time on the design of floating support structures, and the new ‘PISA’ method for monopile geotechnical design is introduced. The coverage of blade design has been completely rewritten, with an expanded description of laminate fatigue properties and new sections on manufacturing methods, blade testing, leading-edge erosion and bend-twist coupling. These are complemented by new sections on blade add-ons and noise in the aerodynamics chapters, which now also include a description of the Leishman-Beddoes dynamic stall model and an extended introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis. The importance of the environmental impact of wind farms both on- and offshore is recognized by expanded coverage, and the requirements of the Grid Codes to ensure wind energy plays its full role in the power system are described. The conceptual design chapter has been extended to include a number of novel concepts, including low induction rotors, multiple rotor structures, superconducting generators and magnetic gearboxes. References and further reading resources are included throughout the book and have been updated to cover the latest literature. As in previous editions, the core subjects constituting the essential background to wind turbine and wind farm design are covered. These include: The nature of the wind resource, including geographical variation, synoptic and diurnal variations, and turbulence characteristics The aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines, including the actuator disc concept, rotor disc theory, the vortex cylinder model of the actuator disc and the Blade-Element/Momentum theory Design loads for horizontal axis wind turbines, including the prescriptions of international standards Alternative machine architectures The design of key components Wind turbine controller design for fixed and variable speed machines The integration of wind farms into the electrical power system Wind farm design, siting constraints, and the assessment of environmental impact Perfect for engineers and scientists learning about wind turbine technology, the Wind Energy Handbook will also earn a place in the libraries of graduate students taking courses on wind turbines and wind energy, as well as industry professionals whose work requires a deep understanding of wind energy technology.
Author: Tony Burton
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780471489979
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 648
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Book Description
As environmental concerns have focused attention on the generation of electricity from clean and renewable sources wind energy has become the world's fastest growing energy source. The Wind Energy Handbook draws on the authors' collective industrial and academic experience to highlight the interdisciplinary nature of wind energy research and provide a comprehensive treatment of wind energy for electricity generation. Features include: An authoritative overview of wind turbine technology and wind farm design and development In-depth examination of the aerodynamics and performance of land-based horizontal axis wind turbines A survey of alternative machine architectures and an introduction to the design of the key components Description of the wind resource in terms of wind speed frequency distribution and the structure of turbulence Coverage of site wind speed prediction techniques Discussions of wind farm siting constraints and the assessment of environmental impact The integration of wind farms into the electrical power system, including power quality and system stability Functions of wind turbine controllers and design and analysis techniques With coverage ranging from practical concerns about component design to the economic importance of sustainable power sources, the Wind Energy Handbook will be an asset to engineers, turbine designers, wind energy consultants and graduate engineering students.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Turbulence
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The interaction of turbulent wakes with one another and with the adjacent fluid directly impacts the generation of electricity in wind turbine arrays. Computational modeling is well suited to the repeated iterations of data generation that may be required to inform understanding of the function of wind farms as well as to develop control schemes for plant function. In order to perform such computational studies, a simplified model of the turbine must be implemented. One of the most computationally efficient parametrizations of the blade utilizes a stationary disk which has a prescribed drag and produces a wake. However, since accurate estimates of wake properties and the interaction with the surrounding fluid is critical to the function of wind farms, a comparison of the wakes emitted from a stationary disk model should be compared to that of a model with a rotating blade. Toward this end, an array of model rotating wind turbines is compared experimentally to an array of static porous disks. Stereo particle image velocimetry measurements are done in a wind tunnel bracketing the center turbine in the fourth row of a 4x3 array of model turbines. Equivalent sets of rotors and porous disks are created by matching their respective induction factors. The similarities and differences in the wakes between these two cases are explored using time-averaged statistics. The primary difference in the mean velocity components was found in the spanwise mean velocity component, which is much as 190% different between the rotor and disk cases. Conditional averaging of mean kinetic energy transport in wake from these two models reveals that a differing mechanism is responsible for the entrainment of mean kinetic energy in the near wake. In contrast, results imply that the stationary porous disk adequately represents the mean kinetic energy transport of a rotor in the far wake where rotation is less important. Proper orthogonal decomposition and analysis of the invariants of the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor is done in order to examine large scale structure of the flow and characterize the turbulent wake produced by the porous disks and rotors. The spatial coherence uncovered via the proper orthogonal decomposition in the rotor case and its absence in the disk case suggests caution should be employed when applying stationary disk parametrization to research questions that are heavily dependent on flow structure. Motivated by questions on the impact of freestream turbulence on wakes in wind energy, a study of pairs of cylinders subject to varying levels of inflow turbulence is undertaken. Time-averaged statistics show a modification of the symmetry and development of the wakes originating from the pairs of cylinders in response to freestream turbulence. Recurrence-based phase averaging allows examination of the many configurations of the wake and the modification of these topologies due to varying inflow turbulence. Results show the changes in vortex shedding synchronization as well as large scale cross stream advection in response to elevated levels of incoming turbulence.
Author: Martin Oberlack
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642289681
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 299
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Book Description
This fourth issue on "progress in turbulence" is based on the fourth ITI conference (ITI interdisciplinary turbulence initiative), which took place in Bertinoro, North Italy. Leading researchers from the engineering and physical sciences presented latest results in turbulence research. Basic as well as applied research is driven by the rather notorious difficult and essentially unsolved problem of turbulence. In this collection of contributions clear progress can be seen in different aspects, ranging from new quality of numerical simulations to new concepts of experimental investigations and new theoretical developments. The importance of turbulence is shown for a wide range of applications including: combustion, energy, flow control, urban flows, are few examples found in this volume. A motivation was to bring fundamentals of turbulence in connection with renewable energy. This lead us to add a special topic relevant to the impact of turbulence on the wind energy conversion. The structure of the present book is as such that contributions have been bundled according to covering topics i.e. I Basic Turbulence Aspects, II Particle Laden Flows, III Modeling and Simulations, IV, Experimental Methods, V Special Flows, VI Atmospheric Boundary Layer, VII Boundary Layer, VIII Wind Energy and IX Convection. This book is dedicated to the memory of Prof. Tim Nickels. Shortly after giving an invited lecture at the 4th ITI conference, the turbulence community lost a world-class scientist, a friend and devoted family man.
Author: Emily Pearl Condon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer mitigates wake losses between turbines and is critical to power generation by wind farms. As offshore wind energy development increases in the United States, it is necessary to understand the impact turbulence intensity uncertainty has on predicting the annual energy production (AEP) of a wind farm. In numerical models used to calculate farm power, turbulence intensity is treated as a constant input, though it has variability in the physical atmosphere. Wind conditions, such as turbulence intensity, can be modeled with numerical weather prediction (NWP), or measured with in situ instruments that may not be available offshore in the exact location of interest. For the Vineyard Wind 1 offshore farm off the coast of Massachusetts, this uncertainty between data sources led to an overprediction of 4.4% by the NWP data compared to that of the in situ data. We found that assuming a median turbulence intensity, instead of the full turbulence intensity distribution, resulted in an AEP prediction difference of less than a third of a percent. While the quantitative results presented in this thesis are site-specific to the Vineyard Wind 1 farm, the results suggest that wind condition uncertainty has a significant impact on AEP uncertainty. The results motivate further in situ measurement campaigns to assess the wind conditions that offshore wind farms will encounter.
Author: James F. Manwell
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9780470686287
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 704
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Book Description
Wind energy’s bestselling textbook- fully revised. This must-have second edition includes up-to-date data, diagrams, illustrations and thorough new material on: the fundamentals of wind turbine aerodynamics; wind turbine testing and modelling; wind turbine design standards; offshore wind energy; special purpose applications, such as energy storage and fuel production. Fifty additional homework problems and a new appendix on data processing make this comprehensive edition perfect for engineering students. This book offers a complete examination of one of the most promising sources of renewable energy and is a great introduction to this cross-disciplinary field for practising engineers. “provides a wealth of information and is an excellent reference book for people interested in the subject of wind energy.” (IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, November/December 2003) “deserves a place in the library of every university and college where renewable energy is taught.” (The International Journal of Electrical Engineering Education, Vol.41, No.2 April 2004) “a very comprehensive and well-organized treatment of the current status of wind power.” (Choice, Vol. 40, No. 4, December 2002)
Author: Vasilis M. Fthenakis
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119854474
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
Highly accessible and authoritative account of how wind energy is safely harnessed to address the ever-pressing climate and energy challenges Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy provides an in-depth treatment of wind energy's scientific background, current technology, and international status, with an emphasis on large turbines and wind farms, both onshore and offshore. In the newly revised second edition, highly qualified authors include technological advances in the field including offshore wind turbine structures, foundation design, installation, grid integration, and reliability, offering guidance on operation and maintenance. The text is supported by copious illustrations and around 50 inspiring full-color photographs from around the world. To further aid in reader comprehension and information retention, questions with answers and problems are included in each chapter. An accompanying website includes figures, tables, and solutions of the problems. The book is an essential primer for new entrants to the wind industry and to students on undergraduate and graduate courses on renewable energy. It also offers a unique treatise of the sustainability of emerging transformative technologies, which makes it useful to both system analysts and energy policy strategists. In Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy, readers will find information on: Basics on wind energy capture and conversion by wind turbines Technology evolution and deployment experiences in the EU, China, Taiwan, and US wind farms, plus common access issues Production and installation techniques Operation, maintenance and risk mitigation Grid integration, synergies with other renewable energies, and green hydrogen production Life cycle sustainability, recycling, and the role of wind energy in addressing climate and energy challenges Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy is aimed at a wide readership including professionals, policy makers, and employees in the energy sector in need of a basic appreciation of the underlying principles of wind energy, along with second and third year undergraduate and postgraduate students.
