Weapons Radiation Shielding Handbook PDF Download
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Author: Paul N. Stevens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military supplies
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Author: Paul N. Stevens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Military supplies
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Paul N. Stevens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Gamma rays
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Author: Paul N. Stevens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 182
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Book Description
Calculations of the attenuation of neutrons and gamma rays in shields can be performed by several techniques, the best technique for a particular problem depending on the type of problem to be solved and the degree of accuracy required. This chapter of the Handbook surveys the calculational methods used most frequently and provides summaries of digital computer codes based on the various methods. The methods covered are those of spherical harmonics, discrete ordinates, moments, Monte Carlo, diffusion theory, invariant imbedding, and kernels, plus a method which combines a removal kernel with diffusion theory. Except for the invariant imbedding method, all these techniques are either approximate solutions to the well-known Boltzmann equation or are based on kernels obtained from solutions to the equation. A discussion of the Boltzmann equation is also included. (Author).
Author: Wade E. Selph
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
Air-filled openings through weapons radiation shields (for example, ducts, passageways, etc.) can increase the total amount of radiation penetrating the shield, primarily as a result of radiation successively scattering from the walls of the openings. Most techniques that have been developed for estimating the transmission of radiation through such openings depend on the use of albedos, an albedo being the fraction of radiation incident on a surface that is reflected back out of the material, assuming that the radiation enters and emerges at the same point. This chapter of the Handbook surveys the work performed to date on the various types of nuclear radiation albedos and uses a consistent nomenclature which shows the relationship of the results obtained in the different studies. Since the material considered most often for weapons radiation shields is concrete, most of the albedo data are for this material, although some data have been obtained for other materials, particularly for soils. The data are reported as singly differential albedos (differential with respect to the emergent angle), doubly differential albedos (differential with respect to both the emergent energy and the emergent angle), and total albedos (albedos for which the data have been integrated over both the emergent energy and emergent angle). Three fundamental types of differential and total albedos are used: an albedo which represents an incident flux of particles and an emergent current of particles, an albedo which represents an incident current and an emergent current, and an albedo which represents an incident flux and an emergent flux. These fundamental albedos may be weighted by dose response functions or by energy.
Author: Paul N. Stevens
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 118
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Book Description
Calculations of the attenuation of neutrons and gamma rays in shields can be performed by several techniques, the best technique for a particular problem depending on the type of problem to be solved and the degree of accuracy required. This chapter of the Handbook surveys the calculational methods used most frequently and provides summaries of digital computer codes based on the various methods. The methods covered are those of spherical harmonics, discrete ordinates, moments, Monte Carlo, diffusion theory, invariant imbedding, and kernels, plus a method which combines a removal kernel with diffusion theory. Except for the invariant imbedding method, all these techniques are either approximate solutions to the well-known Boltzmann equation or are based on kernels obtained from solutions to the equation. A discussion of the Boltzmann equation is also included in the chapter. (Author).
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
Most of the shields that are designed to protect military equipment or personnel from weapons radiations will contain air-filled holes of some type. They may consist of access ways to accommodate ventilating ducts or other utility pipes, passageways to allow personnel to enter the structure, or distributed voids resulting from the use of nonhomogeneous material in the structure. Since radiation traverses air-filled regions essentially unimpeded, these irregularities in an otherwise adequate shield can represent a serious problem for the shield designer. The most effective method for reducing the amount of radiation that travels through such openings is to design the ducts or passageways so that they do not penetrate straight through the shield, as, for example, ducts which contain one or more bends.
Author: United States. Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atomic bomb
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Author:
Publisher:
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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