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Author: Héctor Lindo-Fuentes
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780520069275
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 239
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Book Description
Héctor Lindo-Fuentes provides the first in-depth economic history of El Salvador during the crucial decades of the nineteenth century. Before independence in 1821, the isolated territory that we now call El Salvador was a subdivision of the Captaincy General of Guatemala and had only 250,000 inhabitants. Both indigo production, the source of wealth for the country's tiny elite and its main link to the outside world, and subsistence agriculture, which engaged the majority of the population, involved the use of agricultural techniques that had not changed for two hundred years. By 1900, however, El Salvador's primary export was coffee, a crop that demanded relatively sophisticated agricultural techniques and the support of an elaborate internal finance and marketing network. The coffee planters came to control the state apparatus, writing laws that secured their access to land, imposing taxes that paid for a transportation network designed to service their plantations, building ports to expedite coffee exports, and establishing a banking system to finance the new crop. Weak Foundations shows how the parallel process of state-building and expansion of the coffee industry resulted in the formation of an oligarchy that was to rule El Salvador during the twentieth century. Historians and economists interested in the "routes to underdevelopment" followed by Latin American and other "Third World" countries will find this analysis thorough and provocative.
Author: Héctor Lindo-Fuentes
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780520069275
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 239
Get Book Here
Book Description
Héctor Lindo-Fuentes provides the first in-depth economic history of El Salvador during the crucial decades of the nineteenth century. Before independence in 1821, the isolated territory that we now call El Salvador was a subdivision of the Captaincy General of Guatemala and had only 250,000 inhabitants. Both indigo production, the source of wealth for the country's tiny elite and its main link to the outside world, and subsistence agriculture, which engaged the majority of the population, involved the use of agricultural techniques that had not changed for two hundred years. By 1900, however, El Salvador's primary export was coffee, a crop that demanded relatively sophisticated agricultural techniques and the support of an elaborate internal finance and marketing network. The coffee planters came to control the state apparatus, writing laws that secured their access to land, imposing taxes that paid for a transportation network designed to service their plantations, building ports to expedite coffee exports, and establishing a banking system to finance the new crop. Weak Foundations shows how the parallel process of state-building and expansion of the coffee industry resulted in the formation of an oligarchy that was to rule El Salvador during the twentieth century. Historians and economists interested in the "routes to underdevelopment" followed by Latin American and other "Third World" countries will find this analysis thorough and provocative.
Author: Anniekie Ravhudzulo
Publisher: AuthorHouse
ISBN: 1449077269
Category : Women
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
At some time or other we have all probably felt that things are getting on top of us, whether it is stress, depression, loneliness, disease, or the weight of temptation and guilt. And there are times when, for no apparent reason, we cannot seem to find the joy, peace and happiness that we used to know. The challenges facing youth and women today at home, in the community and workplace are immense. Let me remind you that, when the jar of your expectations begin to crack or already lies scattered in a thousand pieces, you desperately seek assistance. Dr Anniekie Ravhudzulo suggests realistic strategies of simple, down-to-earth faith to deal with obstacles, hurts and disasters. You have been created by God to be successful in every area of your life. The question is, Are you prepared to take hold of those strategies to overcome obstacles in your life? In this life changing book, she delivers powerful teaching to help you discern the lies of the enemy so that you can seize the truth of God's Word concerning your life. This encouraging message will motivate you to press beyond obstacles and limitations and start living according to the full potential God created you to achieve and enjoy. The truths outlined in this book will teach you that: O Life is full of challenges O You can't move on unless you let go of the past O Cheating a game in marriages O Women and time management O Don't wait for things to return to normal
Author: Daniel Loosenort
Publisher: Tate Publishing
ISBN: 1617777773
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
Now, after more than thirty years of successful marriage, filled with lessons learned and God-led guidance, Reverend Dr. Daniel and Penny Loosenort have come together to write the ultimate marriage handbook,We Promise.In this detailed and educational manual, you'll find the secrets to a healthy, happy, and faith-filled relationship with your spouse. Featuring eighteen foundational stones, such as honoring one another, learning the roles of each spouse, conflict resolution, and financial advice, couples will be prepared for any life circumstance or season that could potentially go awry withWe Promise.Using biblical resources and scripture, you and your spouse will be able to write and formulate a detailed promise to one another to become an active participant in marriage instead of a passive spectator. Whether you've become engaged, you've just tied the knot, or you've been in the trenches for years,We Promisewill benefit any couple looking to improve their marriage and build a firm foundation that will last a lifetime.
Author:
Publisher: Univalent Foundations
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 484
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Book Description
Author: Robert Holden
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190928360
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 705
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Book Description
Interpreting the History of a Region in Crisis / Robert H. Holden -- Land and Climate: Natural Constraints and Socio-Environmental Transformations / Anthony Goebel McDermott -- Regaining Ground: Indigenous Populations and Territories / Peter H. Herlihy, Matthew L. Fahrenbruch, Taylor A. Tappan -- The Ancient Civilizations / William R. Fowler -- Marginalization, Assimilation, and Resurgence: The Indigenous Peoples since Independence / Wolfgang Gabbert -- The Spanish Conquest? / Laura E. Matthew -- Spanish Colonial Rule / Stephen Webre -- The Kingdom of Guatemala as a Cultural Crossroads / Brianna Leavitt-Alcántara -- From Kingdom to Republics, 1808-1840 / Aaron Pollack -- The Political Economy / Robert G. Williams -- State Making and Nation Building / David Díaz Arias -- Central America and the United States / Michel Gobat -- The Cold War: Authoritarianism, Empire, and Social Revolution / Joaquín M. Chávez -- Central America since the 1990s: Crime, Violence, and the Pursuit of Democracy / Christine J. Wade -- The Rise and Retreat of the Armed Forces / Orlando J. Pérez and Randy Pestana -- Religion, Politics, and the State / Bonar L. Hernández Sandoval -- Women and Citizenship: Feminist and Suffragist Movements, 1880-1957 / Eugenia Rodríguez Sáenz -- Literature, Society, and Politics / Werner Mackenbach -- Guatemala / David Carey Jr. -- Honduras / Dario A. Euraque -- El Salvador / Erik Ching -- Nicaragua / Julie A. Charlip -- Costa Rica / Iván Molina -- Panama / Michael E. Donoghue -- Belize / Mark Moberg.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Earthwork
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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Book Description
Author: L. Francken
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482271796
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 576
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Book Description
Proceedings of RILEM TC-PRC third conference on this subject. Papers from road authorities, engineers, researchers, contractors and manufacturers discussing the implementation and the long term behaviour of overlay systems. The following topics are covered: prevention and cracking assessment, choice and design of overlay systems, practical implemen
Author: J.W. Bull
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1482271397
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 742
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Book Description
This book describes how a number of different methods of analysis and modelling, including the boundary element method, the finite element method, and a range of classical methods, are used to answer some of the questions associated with soil-structure interaction.
Author: Raouf A. Ibrahim
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119135486
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 1421
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Book Description
This important, self-contained reference deals with structural life assessment (SLA) and structural health monitoring (SHM) in a combined form. SLA periodically evaluates the state and condition of a structural system and provides recommendations for possible maintenance actions or the end of structural service life. It is a diversified field and relies on the theories of fracture mechanics, fatigue damage process, and reliability theory. For common structures, their life assessment is not only governed by the theory of fracture mechanics and fatigue damage process, but by other factors such as corrosion, grounding, and sudden collision. On the other hand, SHM deals with the detection, prediction, and location of crack development online. Both SLA and SHM are combined in a unified and coherent treatment.
