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Author: Nazli Eser Kaya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Crash data indicate that attention misallocation is a major factor in crashes with vulnerable road users (VRUs) at intersections. However, the extent that drivers fail to scan for VRUs at intersections is unknown. This thesis investigates driver visual attention failures toward VRUs at intersections using an instrumented vehicle and eye-tracking equipment. First, analysis of data collected in an earlier on-road study is presented, which informed the design of the main experiment where 26 drivers (ages 35-54; 13 cyclists) made 18 different turns at downtown Toronto intersections, half of which were identified to be higher risk. Almost half of the turns had a visual attention failure; and most were towards cyclists. The failures were significantly more common at higher risk intersections and among non-cyclist drivers. Overall, prevalence of failures is alarming. Further research is needed to generalize these findings. The thesis also provides an overview of the countermeasures on cyclist safety.
Author: Nazli Eser Kaya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Crash data indicate that attention misallocation is a major factor in crashes with vulnerable road users (VRUs) at intersections. However, the extent that drivers fail to scan for VRUs at intersections is unknown. This thesis investigates driver visual attention failures toward VRUs at intersections using an instrumented vehicle and eye-tracking equipment. First, analysis of data collected in an earlier on-road study is presented, which informed the design of the main experiment where 26 drivers (ages 35-54; 13 cyclists) made 18 different turns at downtown Toronto intersections, half of which were identified to be higher risk. Almost half of the turns had a visual attention failure; and most were towards cyclists. The failures were significantly more common at higher risk intersections and among non-cyclist drivers. Overall, prevalence of failures is alarming. Further research is needed to generalize these findings. The thesis also provides an overview of the countermeasures on cyclist safety.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
The goal of this dissertation is to develop a vision-based system to evaluate risk scores of roadway intersections where frequent interactions of pedestrians and bicyclists with motorized traffic exist. The research outcome is valuable for preventing traffic incidents involving pedestrians or bicyclists, which are becoming a significant concern in urban areas. This research focuses on vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-bicycle conflicts at signalized intersections. Multi-way video sequences were collected at several intersections in the City of San Diego, and computer vision algorithms, including object detection (Faster-R-CNN) and visual tracking (KCF), were developed to extract trajectory data of vehicles or pedestrians in videos. Learning-based 3D localization method was introduced to get rid of the perspective effect and further improve the usability and accuracy of trajectory data. These visual perception results are used in safety surrogate analysis to proactively evaluate safety at intersections. Results with comparative studies suggest the proposed algorithm can significantly improve localization accuracy, especially when using noisy video data, and result in improved safety measures.
Author: Candida Castro
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 142005533X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
Human error is involved in more than 90 percent of traffic accidents, and of those accidents, most are associated with visual distractions, or looking-but-failing-to-see errors. Human Factors of Visual and Cognitive Performance in Driving gathers knowledge from a human factors psychology standpoint and provides deeper insight into traffic -user beh
Author: Wassim G. Najm
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781495246128
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
This report defines a new pre-crash scenario typology for crash avoidance research based on the 2004 General Estimates System (GES) crash database, which consists of pre-crash scenarios depicting vehicle movements and dynamics as well as the critical event immediately prior to a crash. This typology establishes a common vehicle safety research foundation for public and private organizations, which will allow researchers to determine which traffic safety issues should be of first priority to investigate and to develop concomitant crash avoidance systems. Its main objectives are to identify all common pre-crash scenarios of all police-reported crashes involving at least one light vehicle (i.e., passenger car, sports utility vehicle, van, minivan, and light pickup truck); quantify their severity in terms of frequency of occurrence, economic cost, and functional years lost; portray each scenario by crash contributing factors and circumstances in terms of the driving environment, driver, and vehicle; and provide nationally representative crash statistics that can be annually updated using national crash databases such as GES. This new typology includes 37 pre-crash scenarios accounting for approximately 5,942,000 police-reported light-vehicle crashes, an estimated economic cost of 120 billion dollars, and 2,767,000 functional years lost. These statistics do not incorporate data from non-police-reported crashes.
Author: ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers)
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118762304
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
Get a complete look into modern traffic engineering solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is a newly revised text that builds upon the reputation as the go-to source of essential traffic engineering solutions that this book has maintained for the past 70 years. The updated content reflects changes in key industry standards, and shines a spotlight on the needs of all users, the design of context-sensitive roadways, and the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. Additionally, this resource features a new organizational structure that promotes a more functionally-driven, multimodal approach to planning, designing, and implementing transportation solutions. A branch of civil engineering, traffic engineering concerns the safe and efficient movement of people and goods along roadways. Traffic flow, road geometry, sidewalks, crosswalks, cycle facilities, shared lane markings, traffic signs, traffic lights, and more—all of these elements must be considered when designing public and private sector transportation solutions. Explore the fundamental concepts of traffic engineering as they relate to operation, design, and management Access updated content that reflects changes in key industry-leading resources, such as the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), AASSHTO Policy on Geometric Design, Highway Safety Manual (HSM), and Americans with Disabilities Act Understand the current state of the traffic engineering field Leverage revised information that homes in on the key topics most relevant to traffic engineering in today's world, such as context-sensitive roadways and sustainable transportation solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is an essential text for public and private sector transportation practitioners, transportation decision makers, public officials, and even upper-level undergraduate and graduate students who are studying transportation engineering.
Author: Lee August Rodegerdts
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309155118
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0081026722
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 4418
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Book Description
In an increasingly globalised world, despite reductions in costs and time, transportation has become even more important as a facilitator of economic and human interaction; this is reflected in technical advances in transportation systems, increasing interest in how transportation interacts with society and the need to provide novel approaches to understanding its impacts. This has become particularly acute with the impact that Covid-19 has had on transportation across the world, at local, national and international levels. Encyclopedia of Transportation, Seven Volume Set - containing almost 600 articles - brings a cross-cutting and integrated approach to all aspects of transportation from a variety of interdisciplinary fields including engineering, operations research, economics, geography and sociology in order to understand the changes taking place. Emphasising the interaction between these different aspects of research, it offers new solutions to modern-day problems related to transportation. Each of its nine sections is based around familiar themes, but brings together the views of experts from different disciplinary perspectives. Each section is edited by a subject expert who has commissioned articles from a range of authors representing different disciplines, different parts of the world and different social perspectives. The nine sections are structured around the following themes: Transport Modes; Freight Transport and Logistics; Transport Safety and Security; Transport Economics; Traffic Management; Transport Modelling and Data Management; Transport Policy and Planning; Transport Psychology; Sustainability and Health Issues in Transportation. Some articles provide a technical introduction to a topic whilst others provide a bridge between topics or a more future-oriented view of new research areas or challenges. The end result is a reference work that offers researchers and practitioners new approaches, new ways of thinking and novel solutions to problems. All-encompassing and expertly authored, this outstanding reference work will be essential reading for all students and researchers interested in transportation and its global impact in what is a very uncertain world. Provides a forward looking and integrated approach to transportation Updated with future technological impacts, such as self-driving vehicles, cyber-physical systems and big data analytics Includes comprehensive coverage Presents a worldwide approach, including sets of comparative studies and applications
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9282103781
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the ...
Author: Bryan E. Porter
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123819857
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 537
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Book Description
The Handbook of Traffic Psychology covers all key areas of research in this field including theory, applications, methodology and analyses, variables that affect traffic, driver problem behaviors, and countermeasures to reduce risk on roadways. Comprehensive in scope, the methodology section includes case-control studies, self-report instruments and methods, field methods and naturalistic observational techniques, instrumented vehicles and in-car recording techniques, modeling and simulation methods, in vivo methods, clinical assessment, and crash datasets and analyses. Experienced researchers will better understand what methods are most useful for what kinds of studies and students can better understand the myriad of techniques used in this discipline. Focuses specifically on traffic, as opposed to transport Covers all key areas of research in traffic psychology including theory, applications, methodology and analyses, variables that affect traffic, driver problem behaviors, and countermeasures to reduce the risk of variables and behavior Contents include how to conduct traffic research and how to analyze data Contributors come from more than 10 countries, including US, UK, Japan, Netherlands, Ireland, Switzerland, Mexico, Australia, Canada, Turkey, France, Finland, Norway, Israel, and South Africa
Author: Dr Michael G Lenné
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN: 1472411145
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 259
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Book Description
It’s a widely recognised trend that powered-two-wheelers (PTWs) use has been steadily increasing and is projected to increase further. While providing benefits to the community in the form of reduced traffic congestion and environmental benefits, the risks to PTW riders remain and visibility will always be a key issue. Increasing Motorcycle Conspicuity aims to illustrate how driving simulation, field studies and laboratory experiments can be used to improve rider safety through the design and evaluation of a range of safety measures. The book outlines the factors that contribute to PTW visibility and detection by car drivers, and presents case studies to illustrate how the various methods can be used to explore the contribution of these factors. The final chapter of the book highlights the utility of a simulation-based approach to improving PTW safety and discusses this method’s future applications. The case studies collected within the volume cover phases of the design of conspicuity treatments and provide a broad spectrum of empirical strategies for assessing the interventions. The book is most directly relevant to researchers and applied scientists from the fields of traffic/transportation psychology and human factors, as well as to practitioners from the traffic safety sector.
