Vision-based Intersection Safety Evaluation for Vulnerable Road Users PDF Download
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
The goal of this dissertation is to develop a vision-based system to evaluate risk scores of roadway intersections where frequent interactions of pedestrians and bicyclists with motorized traffic exist. The research outcome is valuable for preventing traffic incidents involving pedestrians or bicyclists, which are becoming a significant concern in urban areas. This research focuses on vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-bicycle conflicts at signalized intersections. Multi-way video sequences were collected at several intersections in the City of San Diego, and computer vision algorithms, including object detection (Faster-R-CNN) and visual tracking (KCF), were developed to extract trajectory data of vehicles or pedestrians in videos. Learning-based 3D localization method was introduced to get rid of the perspective effect and further improve the usability and accuracy of trajectory data. These visual perception results are used in safety surrogate analysis to proactively evaluate safety at intersections. Results with comparative studies suggest the proposed algorithm can significantly improve localization accuracy, especially when using noisy video data, and result in improved safety measures.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 41
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Book Description
The goal of this dissertation is to develop a vision-based system to evaluate risk scores of roadway intersections where frequent interactions of pedestrians and bicyclists with motorized traffic exist. The research outcome is valuable for preventing traffic incidents involving pedestrians or bicyclists, which are becoming a significant concern in urban areas. This research focuses on vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-bicycle conflicts at signalized intersections. Multi-way video sequences were collected at several intersections in the City of San Diego, and computer vision algorithms, including object detection (Faster-R-CNN) and visual tracking (KCF), were developed to extract trajectory data of vehicles or pedestrians in videos. Learning-based 3D localization method was introduced to get rid of the perspective effect and further improve the usability and accuracy of trajectory data. These visual perception results are used in safety surrogate analysis to proactively evaluate safety at intersections. Results with comparative studies suggest the proposed algorithm can significantly improve localization accuracy, especially when using noisy video data, and result in improved safety measures.
Author: Nazli Eser Kaya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Crash data indicate that attention misallocation is a major factor in crashes with vulnerable road users (VRUs) at intersections. However, the extent that drivers fail to scan for VRUs at intersections is unknown. This thesis investigates driver visual attention failures toward VRUs at intersections using an instrumented vehicle and eye-tracking equipment. First, analysis of data collected in an earlier on-road study is presented, which informed the design of the main experiment where 26 drivers (ages 35-54; 13 cyclists) made 18 different turns at downtown Toronto intersections, half of which were identified to be higher risk. Almost half of the turns had a visual attention failure; and most were towards cyclists. The failures were significantly more common at higher risk intersections and among non-cyclist drivers. Overall, prevalence of failures is alarming. Further research is needed to generalize these findings. The thesis also provides an overview of the countermeasures on cyclist safety.
Author: Tania Banerjee
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000969703
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
Video Based Machine Learning for Traffic Intersections describes the development of computer vision and machine learning-based applications for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and the challenges encountered during their deployment. This book presents several novel approaches, including a two-stream convolutional network architecture for vehicle detection, tracking, and near-miss detection; an unsupervised approach to detect near-misses in fisheye intersection videos using a deep learning model combined with a camera calibration and spline-based mapping method; and algorithms that utilize video analysis and signal timing data to accurately detect and categorize events based on the phase and type of conflict in pedestrian-vehicle and vehicle-vehicle interactions. The book makes use of a real-time trajectory prediction approach, combined with aligned Google Maps information, to estimate vehicle travel time across multiple intersections. Novel visualization software, designed by the authors to serve traffic practitioners, is used to analyze the efficiency and safety of intersections. The software offers two modes: a streaming mode and a historical mode, both of which are useful to traffic engineers who need to quickly analyze trajectories to better understand traffic behavior at an intersection. Overall, this book presents a comprehensive overview of the application of computer vision and machine learning to solve transportation-related problems. Video Based Machine Learning for Traffic Intersections demonstrates how these techniques can be used to improve safety, efficiency, and traffic flow, as well as identify potential conflicts and issues before they occur. The range of novel approaches and techniques presented offers a glimpse of the exciting possibilities that lie ahead for ITS research and development. Key Features: Describes the development and challenges associated with Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Provides novel visualization software designed to serve traffic practitioners in analyzing the efficiency and safety of an intersection Has the potential to proactively identify potential conflict situations and develop an early warning system for real-time vehicle-vehicle and pedestrian-vehicle conflicts
Author: Sohail Zangenehpour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"Pedestrians and cyclists are amongst the most vulnerable road users as their accidents involving motor vehicles result in high injury and fatality rates for these two modes. Data collection for non-motorized road users remains a challenge and automated data collection methods are far more advanced for motorized traffic. To improve cyclist safety and promote urban cycling, cities have been building bicycle infrastructure, such as cycle tracks and bicycle boxes. These facilities have been built and expanded but due to the lack of appropriate data and problems with automated cyclist data collection, very little in-depth research has been carried out to investigate the safety impacts of these infrastructures. The majority of non-motorized safety studies are based on traditional methods which use observed accident and injury data. An important shortcoming of this approach is the need to wait for accidents to occur over several years. An alternative to traditional safety analysis is surrogate safety methods which can provide statistically sufficient data in a shorter time period. However, to perform surrogate safety studies, microscopic data from road users is needed. To address the shortcomings of the current literature and to improve the microscopic data collection tools for non-motorized road users, this thesis presents an automated methodology to classify road users in traffic videos - this methodology is complementary to existing object-tracking tools. The methodology is tested and validated using a large dataset from signalized intersections with high mixed traffic in Montreal, Canada. Road users are classified into three main categories: pedestrian, cyclist, and motor vehicle, with an overall accuracy of over 95 %. The proposed methodology is capable not only of counting the movements of the different road users (generating exposure measures), but also provides microscopic data separately for each road user type for safety analysis. As a result, performing automated surrogate safety studies becomes possible for facilities with mixed motorized and non-motorized traffic. As part of this thesis, the relationship between the surrogate safety measure used in this research, post encroachment time, and the historical accident data has been investigated and shows promising correlation. Using several hours of video recorded from a sample of signalized intersections in Montreal, and analyzed using the proposed techniques, the safety effects of two types of bicycle infrastructure, cycle tracks and bicycle boxes, have been investigated. The results show that based on the interactions between cyclists and turning vehicles, having a cycle track on the right side of the road is safer than not having a cycle track or than having a cycle track on the left side of the road. Also the study on the safety of bicycle boxes at intersections reveals that this type of bicycle facility is associated with a significant reduction in the severity of interactions (increase in post encroachment time) between cyclists and vehicles." --
Author: Ravi Kanth Gollapudi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic traffic controls
Languages : en
Pages : 420
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Book Description
Author: ITE (Institute of Transportation Engineers)
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118762304
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
Get a complete look into modern traffic engineering solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is a newly revised text that builds upon the reputation as the go-to source of essential traffic engineering solutions that this book has maintained for the past 70 years. The updated content reflects changes in key industry standards, and shines a spotlight on the needs of all users, the design of context-sensitive roadways, and the development of more sustainable transportation solutions. Additionally, this resource features a new organizational structure that promotes a more functionally-driven, multimodal approach to planning, designing, and implementing transportation solutions. A branch of civil engineering, traffic engineering concerns the safe and efficient movement of people and goods along roadways. Traffic flow, road geometry, sidewalks, crosswalks, cycle facilities, shared lane markings, traffic signs, traffic lights, and more—all of these elements must be considered when designing public and private sector transportation solutions. Explore the fundamental concepts of traffic engineering as they relate to operation, design, and management Access updated content that reflects changes in key industry-leading resources, such as the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM), Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD), AASSHTO Policy on Geometric Design, Highway Safety Manual (HSM), and Americans with Disabilities Act Understand the current state of the traffic engineering field Leverage revised information that homes in on the key topics most relevant to traffic engineering in today's world, such as context-sensitive roadways and sustainable transportation solutions Traffic Engineering Handbook, Seventh Edition is an essential text for public and private sector transportation practitioners, transportation decision makers, public officials, and even upper-level undergraduate and graduate students who are studying transportation engineering.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
Author: Wassim G. Najm
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN: 9781495246128
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 132
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Book Description
This report defines a new pre-crash scenario typology for crash avoidance research based on the 2004 General Estimates System (GES) crash database, which consists of pre-crash scenarios depicting vehicle movements and dynamics as well as the critical event immediately prior to a crash. This typology establishes a common vehicle safety research foundation for public and private organizations, which will allow researchers to determine which traffic safety issues should be of first priority to investigate and to develop concomitant crash avoidance systems. Its main objectives are to identify all common pre-crash scenarios of all police-reported crashes involving at least one light vehicle (i.e., passenger car, sports utility vehicle, van, minivan, and light pickup truck); quantify their severity in terms of frequency of occurrence, economic cost, and functional years lost; portray each scenario by crash contributing factors and circumstances in terms of the driving environment, driver, and vehicle; and provide nationally representative crash statistics that can be annually updated using national crash databases such as GES. This new typology includes 37 pre-crash scenarios accounting for approximately 5,942,000 police-reported light-vehicle crashes, an estimated economic cost of 120 billion dollars, and 2,767,000 functional years lost. These statistics do not incorporate data from non-police-reported crashes.
Author: Charles V. Zegeer
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1428995501
Category : Pedestrian accidents
Languages : en
Pages : 164
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Book Description
This guide is intended to provide information on how to identify safety and mobility needs for pedestrians with the roadway right-of-way. Useful for engineers, planners, safety professionals and decision-makers, the guide covers such topics as: the Walking Environment including sidewalks, curb ramps, crosswalks, roadway lighting and pedestrian over and under passes; Roadway Design including bicycle lanes, roadway narrowing, reducing the number of lanes, one-way/two-way streets, right-turn slip lanes and raised medians; Intersections with roundabouts, T-intersections and median barriers; and Traffic calming designs.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 176
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Book Description
This report presents an overview of principles and practices that will help readers develop intersection designs that achieve the highest levels of safety, mobility and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates practical design measures and tools that will improve intersection safety, provides examples of effective applications, and discusses experiences with innovative solutions.
