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Author: Robert M. Caudle
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889718018
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 135
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Book Description
Author: Robert M. Caudle
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889718018
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 135
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Institute of Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309266335
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Nervous system diseases and disorders are highly prevalent and substantially contribute to the overall disease burden. Despite significant information provided by the use of animal models in the understanding of the biology of nervous system disorders and the development of therapeutics; limitations have also been identified. Treatment options that are high in efficacy and low in side effects are still lacking for many diseases and, in some cases are nonexistent. A particular problem in drug development is the high rate of attrition in Phase II and III clinical trials. Why do many therapeutics show promise in preclinical animal models but then fail to elicit predicted effects when tested in humans? On March 28 and 29, 2012, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened the workshop "Improving Translation of Animal Models for Nervous System Disorders" to discuss potential opportunities for maximizing the translation of new therapies from animal models to clinical practice. The primary focus of the workshop was to examine mechanisms for increasing the efficiency of translational neuroscience research through discussions about how and when to use animal models most effectively and then best approaches for the interpretation of the data collected. Specifically, the workshop objectives were to: discuss key issues that contribute to poor translation of animal models in nervous system disorders, examine case studies that highlight successes and failures in the development and application of animal models, consider strategies to increase the scientific rigor of preclinical efficacy testing, explore the benefits and challenges to developing standardized animal and behavioral models. Improving the Utility and Translation of Animal Models for Nervous System Disorders: Workshop Summary also identifies methods to facilitate development of corresponding animal and clinical endpoints, indentifies methods that would maximize bidirectional translation between basic and clinical research and determines the next steps that will be critical for improvement of the development and testing of animal models of disorders of the nervous system.
Author: Chao Ma
Publisher: Humana Press
ISBN: 9781607618799
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
With the loss of work days, the price of health care and payments for compensation, litigation, and malpractice, and the overwhelming cost of human suffering, chronic pain syndromes affect humanity enormously on both an economic and personal level. In Animal Models of Pain, expert investigators in the field provide a consolidated review of the current state of pain research by capturing the diversity of animal models that are used to investigate pain mechanisms, which range from surgical incision to mechanical compression and from spinal cord injury to cutaneous/local inflammation and beyond. As a volume in the respected Neuromethods series, this book delivers its vital content through detailed descriptions of a wide variety of step-by-step laboratory methods. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Animal Models of Pain seeks to lead scientists closer to the ultimate goal of improving the quality of life and relieving the unbearable burden of chronic pain for millions of people throughout the world.
Author: Lawrence Kruger
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1439812101
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
One of the Most Rapidly Advancing Fields in Modern Neuroscience The success of molecular biology and the new tools derived from molecular genetics have revolutionized pain research and its translation to therapeutic effectiveness. Bringing together recent advances in modern neuroscience regarding genetic studies in mice and humans and the practical
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128032014
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 4609
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Book Description
Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry III, Eight Volume Set provides a contemporary and forward-looking critical analysis and summary of recent developments, emerging trends, and recently identified new areas where medicinal chemistry is having an impact. The discipline of medicinal chemistry continues to evolve as it adapts to new opportunities and strives to solve new challenges. These include drug targeting, biomolecular therapeutics, development of chemical biology tools, data collection and analysis, in silico models as predictors for biological properties, identification and validation of new targets, approaches to quantify target engagement, new methods for synthesis of drug candidates such as green chemistry, development of novel scaffolds for drug discovery, and the role of regulatory agencies in drug discovery. Reviews the strategies, technologies, principles, and applications of modern medicinal chemistry Provides a global and current perspective of today's drug discovery process and discusses the major therapeutic classes and targets Includes a unique collection of case studies and personal assays reviewing the discovery and development of key drugs
Author: Hermann O. Handwerker
Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN: 1496331931
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 663
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Book Description
The neurobiology and mechanisms discovered in animals often do not translate to patients with a chronic pain condition. To help researchers and clinicians develop and use models that can help translate data from animals into humans, this book presents experimental animal models, with a focus on how they may translate into humans human experimental pain models, including details about pain induction and assessment human surrogate pain models clinical applications of pain models models that may link mechanisms of pain and pruritus Pain Models contains 29 chapters by internationally recognized experts. It is a comprehensive survey of pain models at different levels, and commentaries by clinicians directly address clinical perspectives. This unique book is unprecedented in its content. It's a quick reminder of the hard work needed to investigate the complex issue of pain perception. With the advent of increasingly sensitive noninvasive investigational tools, the authors want readers to know that basic research is still needed to help develop new drugs. This book will enrich anyone who wishes to know all that goes into conducting pain research with a lab-based pain model.
Author: José Miguel Vela
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527333282
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 600
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Book Description
This one-stop reference is the first to present the complete picture -- covering all relevant organisms, from single cells to mammals, as well as all major disease areas, including neurological disorders, cancer and infectious diseases. Addressing the needs of the pharmaceutical industry, this unique handbook adopts a broad perspective on the use of animals in the early part of the drug development process, including regulatory rules and limitations, as well as numerous examples from real-life drug development projects. After a general introduction to the topic, the expert contributors from research-driven pharmaceutical companies discuss the basic considerations of using animal models, including ethical issues. The main part of the book systematically surveys the most important disease areas for current drug development, from cardiovascular to endocrine disorders, and from infectious to neurological diseases. For each area, the availability of animal models for target validation, hit finding and lead profiling is reviewed, backed by numerous examples of both successes and failures among the use of animal models. The whole is rounded off with a discussion of perspectives and challenges. Key knowledge for drug researchers in industry as well as academia.
Author: Emmanuel Bäckryd
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN: 917519032X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 117
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Book Description
The treatment of both cancer pain and non-cancer chronic pain is still suboptimal. The overall aim of this PhD thesis was to conduct translational pain research at the interface between clinical pain medicine and the field of human proteomics, using the practice of intrathecal analgesia at our institution as a starting point. Hence, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is at the centre of the present dissertation, both as a target for infusing analgesics (Papers I and II – clinical and pharmacological aspects) and as an important biofluid for human biomarker studies (Papers III and IV – proteomic aspects). In Paper I, 28 cases of intrathecal analgesia in cancer patients were prospectively followed. Movement-evoked breakthrough pain remained a major clinical problem throughout the study month despite otherwise successful intrathecal analgesia (defined as good control of spontaneous resting pain paralleled by a marked decrease of concomitant systemic opioid doses). This study therefore illustrates the importance of considering not only spontaneous resting pain but also movement-evoked breakthrough pain. In Paper II, an expert-based algorithm for trialing the intrathecal analgesic ziconotide by bolus injections was evaluated in an open-label study of 23 patients with chronic neuropathic pain. We found few responders (13%) according to the strict criteria of the algorithm, but ziconotide bolus injection trialing seems feasible. The predictive power of ziconotide bolus trialing remains unclear, and the pharmacological profile of ziconotide (with very slow tissue penetration due to high hydrophilicity) calls the rationale for ziconotide bolus trialing into question. In Paper III, we found low levels of beta-endorphin in the CSF of chronic neuropathic pain patients (n=15) compared to healthy controls (n=19). We speculate that this might indicate dysfunctional top-down control of nociception. Substance P levels in the CSF did not differ by univariate statistics. InPaper IV, the CSF proteome of 11 patients with chronic neuropathic pain and 11 healthy controls was exploratively studied, combining gel-based proteomics with multivariate data analysis. After eliminating four proteins associated with age, 32 proteins were found to highly discriminate between groups. Among these, the seven proteins having the highest discriminatory power between patients and controls were: one isoform of angiotensinogen, two isoforms of alpha-1-antitrypsin, three isoforms of haptoglobin, and one isoform of pigment epithelium-derived factor. In conclusion, this PhD thesis demonstrates the fruitfulness of studying the CSF, both as a target for infusing analgesics and as a potential mirror of the neurobiological processes involved in pathological pain conditions. The thesis points to the need for more research into the mechanisms of different pain conditions, in order to hopefully achieve the vision of mechanism-based pain diagnoses.
Author: Melissa Dyson
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128222204
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 790
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Book Description
Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals focuses on the special anesthetic, analgesic and postoperative care requirements associated with experimental interventions. Fully revised and updated, this new edition provides the reader with agents, methods and techniques for anesthesia and analgesia that ensure humane, reproducible, and successful procedural outcomes. Sections cover ethical, regulatory and scientific considerations, principles of anesthesia and analgesia, anesthetic equipment and monitoring, periprocedural care, including dedicated chapters to the assessment and management of pain in laboratory species, and practical considerations by species, including relevant anatomy, physiology, and behavior of a broad range of lab animal species. This will be a complete reference for veterinarians involved in lab animal research as well as senior graduate, graduate students, post-docs and researchers who utilize animals in biomedical research. Provides researchers with the most comprehensive and up-to-date review of the use of anesthesia and analgesia in laboratory animals Includes complete coverage of agents' impact in research outcomes Thoroughly updated with new material on ferrets, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish and cephalopods Covers hot topic areas such as pain research, ethical issues, legal issues and imaging studies
Author: Martin Wehling
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 032399962X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 495
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Book Description
Principles of Translational Science in Medicine: From Bench to Bedside, Third Edition, provides an update on major achievements in the translation of research into medically relevant results and therapeutics. The book presents a thorough discussion of biomarkers, early human trials, and networking models, and includes institutional and industrial support systems. It also covers algorithms that have influenced all major areas of biomedical research in recent years, resulting in an increasing number of new chemical/biological entities (NCEs or NBEs) as shown in FDA statistics. New chapters include: Translation in Oncology, Biologicals, and Orphan Drugs. The book is ideal for use as a guide for biomedical scientists to establish a systematic approach to translational medicine and is written by worldwide experts in their respective fields. - Includes state-of-the-art principles, tools such as biomarkers and early clinical trials, algorithms of translational science in medicine - Provides in-depth description of special translational aspects in the currently most successful areas of clinical translation, namely oncology and immunology - Covers status of institutionalization of translational medicine, networking structures and outcomes at the level of marketing authorization
