Variation in Vessel Diameter and Leaf Area of White Birch (Betula Papyrifera) Along Moisture Gradients in Canada PDF Download
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Author: Lucy Esperanza Crawle Kwiaton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Leaves
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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"One of the key hypotheses of this research is that white birch that has evolved in wet areas will have larger vessels than those trees that evolved in dry areas. Since the wet areas are less likely to experience drought they can therefore produce larger vessels while dry areas produce smaller vessels to ward off any embolism that may occur during a drought. The second hypothesis is that birch trees in dry areas will produce lower sapwood to leaf area ratios then those in wetter environments. Trees in the wet areas can support higher leaf area per unit of sapwood area while trees in dry areas have made structural modifications to leaf area as a result of water stress. In total thirty sites were sampled across Canada ranging from Ontario to B.C."--from abstract.
Author: Lucy Esperanza Crawle Kwiaton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Leaves
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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"One of the key hypotheses of this research is that white birch that has evolved in wet areas will have larger vessels than those trees that evolved in dry areas. Since the wet areas are less likely to experience drought they can therefore produce larger vessels while dry areas produce smaller vessels to ward off any embolism that may occur during a drought. The second hypothesis is that birch trees in dry areas will produce lower sapwood to leaf area ratios then those in wetter environments. Trees in the wet areas can support higher leaf area per unit of sapwood area while trees in dry areas have made structural modifications to leaf area as a result of water stress. In total thirty sites were sampled across Canada ranging from Ontario to B.C."--from abstract.
Author: Anjala Pyakurel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 186
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"Leaf morphology and anatomy have been found to vary considerably among tree species, and leaf characteristics have widely been used for analyzing plant growth and resource use strategies because of their structural adaptation to withstand environments. Considering the changing climate projections, early-successional, broad niched species like paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) are expected to increase dominance due to a zonal shift of natural vegetation and/or open gaps within the current vegetation zones. Hence, it is important to understand factors such as leaf characteristics that enable these pioneer species to inhabit a wide geographic range and their increasing dominance. Paper birch is a pioneer tree species in North America that inhabits wide climatic and geographic gradients; in addition, the species has developed different leaf morphology and anatomy that have allowed paper birch to adapt to diverse habitats. This study examines how the leaf characteristics of paper birch vary under uniform and stressed environments. The major objectives were (a) to investigate leaf characteristics variations in paper birch populations grown in uniform environmental conditions as in a greenhouse and a common garden; (b) to correlate between leaf characteristics and paper birch’s environment of origins; (c) to investigate leaf characteristic variations in paper birch populations grown under different carbon dioxide concentrations [CO2] and soil water levels to determine the relationship between leaf characteristics and individual or interacting effects of [CO2], water levels and populations; and (d) to analyze the relationship within and between leaf morphology and anatomy of the birch populations. The study found significant differences among paper birch populations in leaf morphological characteristics under a uniform environment at the greenhouse and the common garden.
Author: United States. Forest Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 8
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Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Betula pendula
Languages : en
Pages : 2
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Author: Daniel Albert Herms
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Author: Kirstin Anne Campbell
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Management of paper birch in mixedwood stands is a sustainable forest management practice. In addition to the ecological and economical benefits of mixedwoods, paper birch trees can maintain or enhance slope stability. This thesis attempted to quantify the contribution of birch root reinforcement in BC to slope shear resistance. The objectives of this thesis were to determine the: 1) genetic variation in paper birch root reinforcement, 2) environmental variation in root reinforcement between birch and pine, and 3) differences in root reinforcement between birch and pine. The first study compared the contribution of birch and pine roots (from different populations growing in three soil types) to soil shear resistance using two controlled environment shear tests (Sonotube and Polytube Experiments). The second study (Tree Uprooting Experiment) compared the vertical uprooting resistance of birch and pine growing in different soil types at three field study sites. The third study (Genecology Experiment) determined the variation of four birch populations growing at one location. Results from the tube experiments found that the roots of birch and pine trees contributed to a significant increase in shear strength, regardless of soil type. At a depth of 20-44 cm, paper birch increased shear strength by as much 88%, while pine increased strength by as much as 61%. There was little variation in root reinforcement among the six birch populations in the Sonotube Experiment, which suggested that these trees were from one generalist population rather than six specialist populations. Soil texture affected the root reinforcement of birch and pine in the Polytube Experiment~ both species had the highest root reinforcement in coarse textured sand and the least root reinforcement in medium textured silt. The limiting factor in root reinforcement, in this case, was attributed to a lack of water and nutrients in the silt soil. In the Tree Uprooting Experiment, birch trees had 50% greater resistance to uprooting than did pine trees. Small diameter birch and pine at Aleza Lake had greater uprooting resistance than birch and pine at other field sites. However, larger diameter trees at Gregg Creek and Red Rock had greater uprooting resistance than similar size trees at Aleza Lake. Soil strength and moisture content may have accounted for the uprooting resistance differences among diameter classes at Aleza Lake. Results from the Genecology Experiment showed that the Skeena population had the greatest uprooting resistance, and the greatest height, diameter, and root biomass compared to the other three populations. The results from companion trials, and from the uprooting tests suggested that Skeena trees represent a generalist population. In the same experiment, the nursery where the trees were grown impacted uprooting resistance, even after five years growing in the field. The results from this study reconfirmed the significant length of time nursery can affect field performance. Significant findings arising from this thesis were that: 1) birch saplings have greater root strength than pine across all soil types, 2) root system structure has an important role in root reinforcement between tree species, 3) root reinforcement is maximized by birch and pine when growing in freely drained, cohesionless sandy soil, and 4) further study of birch genecology is needed to identify generalist, high performing populations such as Skeena. Overall, managing for mixedwoods in BC has both ecological and economical benefits, including enhanced slope stability.
Author: Lawrence O. Safford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Forests and forestry
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Author: John C. Bjorkbom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Germination
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Paper birch trees are generally considered prolific seeders that produce at least some seed every year and very large crops of seed periodically. Seed dispersal is widely assumed to begin in early fall and to continue through the winter months. Germinative capacity has been assumed to be fairly low.
Author: John C. Bjorkbom
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Paper birch
Languages : en
Pages : 12
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Author: David A. Marquis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Birch
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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"Seed germination and seedling establishment of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) are most satisfactory where there is abundant soil moisture and freedom from excessively high soil temperature. In a cutover forest, these conditions occur most frequently in areas shaded from direct sunlight and on scarified seedbeds that contain exposed mineral soil (1.4). Attempts to encourage birch regeneration, then, could logically take two forms: use of cutting methods that provide the optimum degree of shade, and/or seedbed preparation. The study reported here deals with the first possibility.S3.
