Variance Risk Dynamics, Variance Risk Premia, and Optimal Variance Swap Investments

Variance Risk Dynamics, Variance Risk Premia, and Optimal Variance Swap Investments PDF Author: Markus Leippold
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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Book Description
With increasing appreciation of the fact that stock return variance is stochastic and variance risk is heavily priced, the industry has created a series of variance derivative products to span variance risk. The variance swap contract is the most actively traded of these products. It pays at expiry the difference between the realized return variance and a fixed rate, called the variance swap rate, determined at the inception of the contract. We obtain a decade worth of variance swap rate quotes at five maturities. With the data, we first exploit the information in both the time series and the term structure of the variance swap rates to analyze the return variance rate dynamics and market pricing of variance risk. We then study both theoretically and empirically how investors can use variance swap contracts across different maturities to span the variance risk and to revise their dynamic asset allocation decisions. We find that with the swap contract to span the variance risk, an investor increases her investment in the underlying stock.In addition, the investor's indirect utility increases significantly when allowed to span the volatility risk using variance swap contracts. Finally, an out-of-sample study confirms that the gains from including variance swaps into the portfolio mix are large.

Variance Risk Dynamics, Variance Risk Premia, and Optimal Variance Swap Investments

Variance Risk Dynamics, Variance Risk Premia, and Optimal Variance Swap Investments PDF Author: Markus Leippold
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60

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Book Description
With increasing appreciation of the fact that stock return variance is stochastic and variance risk is heavily priced, the industry has created a series of variance derivative products to span variance risk. The variance swap contract is the most actively traded of these products. It pays at expiry the difference between the realized return variance and a fixed rate, called the variance swap rate, determined at the inception of the contract. We obtain a decade worth of variance swap rate quotes at five maturities. With the data, we first exploit the information in both the time series and the term structure of the variance swap rates to analyze the return variance rate dynamics and market pricing of variance risk. We then study both theoretically and empirically how investors can use variance swap contracts across different maturities to span the variance risk and to revise their dynamic asset allocation decisions. We find that with the swap contract to span the variance risk, an investor increases her investment in the underlying stock.In addition, the investor's indirect utility increases significantly when allowed to span the volatility risk using variance swap contracts. Finally, an out-of-sample study confirms that the gains from including variance swaps into the portfolio mix are large.

Variance Risk Premium Demystified

Variance Risk Premium Demystified PDF Author: Grigory Vilkov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 32

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Book Description
We study the dynamics and cross-sectional properties of the variance risk premia embedded in options on stocks and indices, approximated by the synthetic variance swap returns. Several important stylized facts and contributions arise. First, variance risk premia for indices are systematically larger (more negative) than for individual securities. Second, there are systematic cross-sectional differences in the price of variance in individual stocks. Linking variance swaps to firm size/book-to-market, and stock turnover characteristics, an investor gains access to several lucrative long-short strategies with Sharpe Ratios around 2.85. Third, principal component analysis reveals at most one important factor driving both stock and variance swap returns, which corresponds to the traditional market factor. For the remainder of the dynamics, the stock and its variance processes are nearly linearly independent. Fourth, we find the leverage effect through analysis of the relationship between the variance risk premium and stock to variance correlation. The systematic (market factor) part of the leverage effect provides additional evidence of the existence of one factor common to both variance swaps and stocks, but the contribution of the market risk premium to the total variance premium is very small. These findings stress the importance of using variance-based instruments in the portfolio of an investor.

How Does the Market Variance Risk Premium Vary Over Time? Evidence from S&P 500 Variance Swap Investment Returns

How Does the Market Variance Risk Premium Vary Over Time? Evidence from S&P 500 Variance Swap Investment Returns PDF Author: Eirini Konstantinidi
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 43

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Book Description
We explore whether the market variance risk premium (VRP) can be predicted. We measure VRP by distinguishing the investment horizon from the variance swap's maturity. We extract VRP from actual S&P 500 variance swap quotes and we test four classes of predictive models. We find that the best performing model is the one that conditions on trading activity. This relation is also economically significant. Volatility trading strategies which condition on trading activity outperform popular benchmark strategies, even once we consider transaction costs. Our finding implies that broker dealers command a greater VRP to continue holding short positions in index options in the case where trading conditions deteriorate.

Global Variance Term Premia and Intermediary Risk Appetite

Global Variance Term Premia and Intermediary Risk Appetite PDF Author: Peter Van Tassel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 70

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Book Description
Sellers of variance swaps earn time-varying risk premia for their exposure to realized variance, the level of variance swap rates, and the slope of the variance swap curve. To measure risk premia, we estimate a dynamic term structure model that decomposes variance swap rates into expected variances and term premia. Empirically, we document a strong global factor structure in variance term premia across the U.S., U.K., Europe, and Japan. We further show that variance term premia are negatively correlated with the risk appetite of hedge funds, broker-dealers, and mutual funds. Our results support the hypothesis that financial intermediaries are marginal investors in the variance swap market.

Hedging (Co)Variance Risk with Variance Swaps

Hedging (Co)Variance Risk with Variance Swaps PDF Author: José Da Fonseca
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 46

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Book Description
In this paper we measure the impact of variance and covariance risks in financial markets. In an asset allocation framework with stochastic (co)variances, we consider the possibility to invest not only in the risky assets but also in the variance swaps associated that are non redundant derivatives which span the volatility as well as the co-volatility risks. We provide explicit solutions for the portfolio optimization problem in both the incomplete and completed market cases. We use the ratio between the initial wealths leading to the same expected utility in the two market cases as a criterion in order to measure the impact of (co)variance risk. Using real data on major indexes and this criterion, we find that the impact of (co)variance risk on the optimal strategy is huge. We especially discuss the sensitivity of the criterion proposed to measure (co)variance risk with respect to the volatility of volatility parameter and it is found to be huge. This is consistent with the single asset empirical literature and the fast development of variance and covariance-based derivative products.

The Price of Interest Rate Variance Risk and Optimal Investments in Interest Rate Derivatives

The Price of Interest Rate Variance Risk and Optimal Investments in Interest Rate Derivatives PDF Author: Anders B. Trolle
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 54

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Book Description
Recent research on unspanned stochastic variance raises the possibility that interest rate derivatives constitute an important component of optimal fixed income portfolios. In this paper, I estimate a flexible dynamic term structure model that allows for unspanned stochastic variance on an extensive data set of swaps and swaptions. I find that variance risk is predominantly unspanned by bonds, and that the price of risk on the unspanned variance factor is significantly larger in absolute value than the prices of risk on the term structure factors. Consequently, Sharpe ratios on variance sensitive derivatives are about three times larger than Sharpe ratios on bonds or short-term bond futures. These findings are corroborated by an analysis of the Treasury futures market, where the variance risk premium is estimated with a model independent approach. I then solve the dynamic portfolio choice problem for a long-term fixed income investor with and without access to interest rate derivatives and find substantial utility gains from participating in the derivatives market.

Variance Risk Premiums

Variance Risk Premiums PDF Author: Peter Carr
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
We propose a direct and robust method for quantifying the variance risk premium on financial assets. We show that the risk-neutral expected value of return variance, also known as the variance swap rate, is well approximated by the value of a particular portfolio of options. We propose to use the difference between the realized variance and this synthetic variance swap rate to quantify the variance risk premium. Using a large options data set, we synthesize variance swap rates and investigate the historical behavior of variance risk premiums on five stock indexes and 35 individual stocks.

The Price of Variance Risk

The Price of Variance Risk PDF Author: Ian Dew-Becker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Risk assessment
Languages : en
Pages : 19

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Book Description
In the period 1996-2014, the average investor in the variance swap market was indifferent to news about future variance at horizons ranging from 1 month to 14 years. It is only purely transitory and unexpected realized variance that were priced. These results present a challenge to most structural models of the variance risk premium, such as the intertemporal CAPM, recent models with Epstein-Zin preferences and long-run risks, and models where institutional investors have value-at-risk constraints. The results also have strong implications for macro models where volatility affects investment decisions, suggesting that investors are not willing to pay to hedge shocks in expected economic uncertainty.

The Variance Risk Premium

The Variance Risk Premium PDF Author: Junye Li
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 39

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Book Description
This paper examines the properties of the variance risk premium (VRP). We propose a flexible asset pricing model that captures co-jumps in prices and volatility, and self-exciting jump clustering. We estimate the model on equity returns and variance swap rates at different horizons. The total VRP is negative and has a downward-sloping term structure, while its jump component displays an upward-sloping term structure. The abrupt and persistent response of the short-term jump VRP to extreme events makes this specific premium a proxy for investors' fear of a market crash. Furthermore, the use of the VRP level and slope, and of its components, helps improve the short-run predictability of equity excess returns.

Volatility and Time Series Econometrics

Volatility and Time Series Econometrics PDF Author: Mark Watson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199549494
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 432

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Book Description
A volume that celebrates and develops the work of Nobel Laureate Robert Engle, it includes original contributions from some of the world's leading econometricians that further Engle's work in time series economics