Using Satellite Imagery to Assess Impacts of Soil and Water Conservation Measures: Evidence from Ethiopia's Tana-Beles Watershed PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Author: Uma Lele
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198755171
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1063
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This book is a historical review of international food and agriculture since the founding of the international organizations following the Second World War, including the World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and into the 1970s, when CGIAR was established and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) was created to recycle petrodollars. Despite numerous international consultations and an increased number of actors, there has been no real growth in international assistance, except for the work of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The book concurrently focuses on the structural transformation of developing countries in Asia and Africa, with some making great strides in small farmer development and in achieving structural transformation of their economies. Some have also achieved Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG2, but most have not. Not only are some countries, particularly in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, lagging behind, but they face new challenges of climate change, competition from emerging countries, population pressure, urbanization, environmental decay, and dietary transition. Lagging developing countries need huge investments in human capital, and physical and institutional infrastructure, to take advantage of rapid change in technologies, but the role of international assistance in financial transfers has diminished. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only set many poorer countries back but starkly revealed the weaknesses of past strategies. Transformative changes are needed in developing countries with international cooperation to achieve better outcomes. Will change in the United States bring new opportunities for multilateral cooperation?"--
Author: Asian Development Bank
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9292628801
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 133
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Emerging and new digital technologies have the potential to help countries tackle climate change, build climate and disaster resilience, and enhance environmental sustainability. This publication aims to inform and influence the strategic deployment of digital technologies in developing Asia. It provides an overview of the available technology types and their applications and assesses opportunities and barriers for their uptake. The publication provides insights on how digital technologies can be operationalized in the Asian Development Bank’s developing member countries, including to support nationally determined contributions and green recovery efforts.
Author: Menale Kassie, John Pender, Mahmud Yesuf, Gunnar Kohlin, Randy Bluffstone, and Elias Mulugeta
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Author: D.J. Rolker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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To this day, the agricultural sector is pivotal to the Ethiopian economy. Smallholders constitute the foundation of Ethiopian agriculture. The Ethiopian subsistence agriculture is almost entirely rain-fed and with generally low yields. Soil erosion by water is a major threat to food security, environmental sustainability and prospects for rural development in the country. The desired impact of soil and water conservation measures is to eliminate or at least to reduce the effects of land degradation. The profitability of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures is an essential precondition for their adoption. Other factors are pushed to the back as long as a technology is not profitable. The objective of this research was to determine the economic efficiency of three different types of SWC technologies (soil bund, stone bund and Fanya Juu) in the watersheds of Debre Mewi and Anjenie in the Amhara regional state in North-Western Ethiopia. A farm household survey was carried out among 60 farmers in both watersheds. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to assess erosion risk on farmers’ fields. A Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) was carried out to determine profitability of the measures. Field observations and measurements as well as farmers’ estimates indicate that the actual implementation of SWC line interventions in Debre Mewi and Anjenie watersheds differs from official design recommendations. Erosion estimates of farmers’ fields suggest that adapted SWC structures were successful in reducing soil erosion. Apart from reducing the cultivable area, SWC measures require high initial labor investments. Under the current production system in Debre Mewi and Anjenie SWC line interventions seem not or hardly profitable for farmers unless farmers further intensify their production. Further adaptations to agricultural practices and SWC design and implementation might help to improve profitability of SWC measures and farm household incomes.
Author: Hailu Terefe
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346346757
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2020 in the subject Environmental Sciences, grade: A, Addis Ababa University, course: Environmental Science, language: English, abstract: This research is aimed at exploring the changes in indicators of ecosystem services associated with integrated land management practices and generating information and data from agricultural landscapes. The specific objectives are to evaluate changes in selected soil physicochemical properties of the treated site taking the neighboring control site as a base, to quantify the change in water discharge due to integrated land management practices, to assess plant species richness in the watershed and compute changes due to integrated land management practices, to determine the plant biomass production and carbon stock of the watershed associated with integrated land management practices. This thesis is organized in five chapters. The first chapter provides general background information followed by the research problem, justification of the study, research objectives, hypotheses and research questions. The second chapter is a review of relevant literatures that gives existing evidences on the severity of land degradation, rehabilitation efforts and outcomes of rehabilitation works in Ethiopia, and the third chapter is the materials and methods section that begins with a description of the study area and explanations the research methods. Chapter four presents results and discussion of each research objective which are published in or submitted to peer-reviewed scientific journals and manuscripts under preparation. Chapter five provides the conclusions and recommendations of the research.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Author: Abate, Gashaw Tadesse
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 52
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This paper provides a quantitative impact assessment of the community-based integrated natural resources management project (CBINReMP) in the Lake Tana region in Ethiopia during 2011-2019. By promoting greater community participation, the CBINReMP provided support to watershed communities for the restoration of degraded soils and water sources, rehabilitation of forests, as well as in obtaining access to secure land titles and practices for climate change adaptation. The project further provided support towards diversification of incomes in off-farm activities and incentives for women’s empowerment and youth employment. This way the project aimed to support rural livelihoods through improvements in household incomes, dietary diversity, agricultural productivity, and resilience to climatic shocks, among other livelihood objectives. To assess the project’s impacts, the study had to deal with numerous methodological complications owing to as the project’s nature and design. The lack of a proper baseline survey, incomplete information about targeted watershed communities and often lack of clear distinction lines between the project’s interventions and support provided to communities through other mechanisms made it hard to identify the true impact of the CBINReMP. Four additional challenges had to be faced: possible selection biases because of non-random placement (targeting) of the project; self-selection of beneficiaries into receiving the project; possible spatial spill-over effects of project benefits to non-treatment communities, and the project’s phased rollout. A propensity-score matching procedure was adopted to assess the CBINReMP’s impacts by comparing treatment (beneficiary) and control groups outcomes related to the livelihood indicators listed above. This paper discusses how the mentioned complications were addressed to provide a sound assessments of the project’s true impacts. While certain limitations remain, the key finding that can be drawn with confidence is that the CBINReMP had only very limited, quantitatively verifiable impact on rural livelihoods. It seems to have contributed to higher household incomes and some greater dietary diversity, but only where the project managed greater community participation. However, even for those beneficiaries, livelihood conditions had not become significantly more productive, diversified, resilient, or sustainable than those of the comparison group. The paper ends with recommendations on how to avoid methodological obstacles through better design of the M&E framework for multi-intervention, community-based projects.
Author: Adimassu, Zenebe
Publisher: International Water Management Institute (IWMI)
ISBN: 929090867X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Author: Ephraim Nkonya
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319191683
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 695
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This volume deals with land degradation, which is occurring in almost all terrestrial biomes and agro-ecologies, in both low and high income countries and is stretching to about 30% of the total global land area. About three billion people reside in these degraded lands. However, the impact of land degradation is especially severe on livelihoods of the poor who heavily depend on natural resources. The annual global cost of land degradation due to land use and cover change (LUCC) and lower cropland and rangeland productivity is estimated to be about 300 billion USD. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounts for the largest share (22%) of the total global cost of land degradation. Only about 38% of the cost of land degradation due to LUCC - which accounts for 78% of the US$300 billion loss – is borne by land users and the remaining share (62%) is borne by consumers of ecosystem services off the farm. The results in this volume indicate that reversing land degradation trends makes both economic sense, and has multiple social and environmental benefits. On average, one US dollar investment into restoration of degraded land returns five US dollars. The findings of the country case studies call for increased investments into the rehabilitation and restoration of degraded lands, including through such institutional and policy measures as strengthening community participation for sustainable land management, enhancing government effectiveness and rule of law, improving access to markets and rural services, and securing land tenure. The assessment in this volume has been conducted at a time when there is an elevated interest in private land investments and when global efforts to achieve sustainable development objectives have intensified. In this regard, the results of this volume can contribute significantly to the ongoing policy debate and efforts to design strategies for achieving sustainable development goals and related efforts to address land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
