Author: Mar Viana
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 364238451X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 374
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Book Description
This book provides an overview of air quality in urban environments in Europe, focusing on air pollutant emission sources and formation mechanisms, measurement and modeling strategies, and future perspectives. The emission sources described are biomass burning, vehicular traffic, industry and agriculture, but also African dust and long-range transport of pollutants across the European regions. The impact of these emission sources and processes on atmospheric particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxides and volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds is discussed and critical areas for particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in Europe are identified. Finally, this volume presents future perspectives, mainly regarding upcoming air quality monitoring strategies, metrics of interest, such as submicron and nanoparticles, and indoor and outdoor exposure scenarios.
Author: Mar Viana
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642384509
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This book provides an overview of air quality in urban environments in Europe, focusing on air pollutant emission sources and formation mechanisms, measurement and modeling strategies, and future perspectives. The emission sources described are biomass burning, vehicular traffic, industry and agriculture, but also African dust and long-range transport of pollutants across the European regions. The impact of these emission sources and processes on atmospheric particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen oxides and volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds is discussed and critical areas for particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide in Europe are identified. Finally, this volume presents future perspectives, mainly regarding upcoming air quality monitoring strategies, metrics of interest, such as submicron and nanoparticles, and indoor and outdoor exposure scenarios.
Author: European Environment Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 84
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Book Description
Recoge: 1. Introduction - 2. Development of air pollution emissions, progress towards targets - 3. Health-related air pollution assessment - 4. Ecosystems related air pollution assessment
Author: J. Fenger
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 940159080X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Book Description
This European Community-initiated book presents an up-to-date account of the air pollution situation with special reference to European cities. Its structure follows by and large the logical chain of events in air pollution, from sources, through dispersion and deposition, to impacts.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9289021926
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 497
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Book Description
This book presents revised guideline values for the four most common air pollutants - particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide - based on a recent review of the accumulated scientific evidence. The rationale for selection of each guideline value is supported by a synthesis of information emerging from research on the health effects of each pollutant. As a result, these guidelines now also apply globally. They can be read in conjunction with Air quality guidelines for Europe, 2nd edition, which is still the authority on guideline values for all other air pollutants. As well as revised guideline values, this book makes a brief yet comprehensive review of the issues affecting the application of the guidelines in risk assessment and policy development. Further, it summarizes information on: . pollution sources and levels in various parts of the world, . population exposure and characteristics affecting sensitivity to pollution, . methods for quantifying the health burden of air pollution, and . the use of guidelines in developing air quality standards and other policy tools. Finally, the special case of indoor air pollution is explored. Prepared by a large team of renowned international experts who considered conditions in various parts of the globe, these guidelines are applicable throughout the world. They provide reliable guidance for policy-makers everywhere when considering the various options for air quality management.
Author: R M Harrison
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN: 1847559654
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 163
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Book Description
Urban air quality is a topic which remains high on the scientific and political agenda. Concentrations of most air pollutants are higher in urban areas than in the surrounding rural regions, and given the high population densities, it is within urban areas that the majority of the population receive their air pollutant exposure. Despite the continued implementation of abatement measures, concentrations of air pollutants within urban areas frequently exceed health-based guidelines and stricter measures to restrict emissions are required. This comprehensive volume, written by authoritative authors, deals with the basic science of urban air pollution in relation to the sources and concentrations, and the atmospheric chemical and physical processes which determine those concentrations and lead to the formation of secondary pollutants by chemical reactions in the atmosphere. The health effects of urban air pollution are described as is the policy response designed to mitigate the problems. Some of the highest air pollutant exposures occur within underground railway systems and this topic is considered explicitly in its own chapter. With comprehensive coverage from sources through atmospheric processes, to human exposure and effects on health and the policy response, this topical work will be of interest to scientists and policy makers within this field as well advanced students.
Author: Fulvio Amato
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128117516
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Non-Exhaust Emissions: An Urban Air Quality Problem for Public Health comprehensively summarizes the most recent research in the field, also giving guidance on research gaps and future needs to evaluate the health impact and possible remediation of non-exhaust particle emissions. With contributions from some of the major experts and stakeholders in air quality, this book comprehensively defines the state-of-the-art of current knowledge, gaps and future needs for a better understanding of particulate matter (PM) emissions, from non-exhaust sources of road traffic to improve public health. PM is a heterogeneous mix of chemical elements and sources, with road traffic being the major source in large cities. A significant part of these emissions come from non-exhaust processes, such as brake, tire, road wear, and road dust resuspension. While motor exhaust emissions have been successfully reduced by means of regulation, non-exhaust emissions are currently uncontrolled and their importance is destined to increase and become the dominant urban source of particle matter by 2020. Nevertheless, current knowledge on the non-exhaust emissions is still limited. This is an essential book to researchers and advanced students from a broad range of disciplines, such as public health, toxicology, atmospheric sciences, environmental sciences, atmospheric chemistry and physics, geochemistry, epidemiology, built environment, road and vehicle engineering, and city planning. In addition, European and local authorities responsible for air quality and those in the industrial sectors related to vehicle and brake manufacturing and technological remediation measures will also find the book valuable. - Acts as the first book to explore the health impacts of non-exhaust emissions - Authored by experts from several sectors, including academia, industry and policy - Gathers the relevant body of literature and information, defining the current knowledge, gaps and future needs
Author: Philip Witorsch
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 9780849301810
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Air Pollution and Lung Disease in Adults provides a general approach to problems involving air pollutants and respiratory disorders in adults. The diversity among the authors, whose areas of expertise and interest include pulmonary medicine, toxicology, allergy immunology, pathology, environmental engineering, and industrial hygiene, parallels the diversity of the readers. Although selected chapters address specific conditions, the overall general approach creates a wide context in which to assess and explore several areas of interest. The book begins with a chapter on exposure and environmental characterization, followed by discussions on direct and indirect injury to the respiratory tract, carcinogenesis, and lung cancer. The book then covers the pathology of environmental lung disease, causality assessment, and causal inference and toxicology. Clinical evaluation of the individual patient, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, as well as spirometry and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in impairment evaluation follow. The three chapters addressing the more particular entities of immunologic mechanisms include pneumoconioses, chronic and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiolitis, sick building syndrome, multiple chemical sensitivities, and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Author: H. Paul Urbach
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030564886
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
This proceedings volume contains selected and expanded contributions presented at the 6th International Symposium of Space Optical Instruments and Applications, held in Delft, the Netherlands on Sep 24th–25th, 2019. The meeting was organized by the Sino-Holland Space Optical Instruments Joint Laboratory and supported by TU Delft. The symposium focused on key innovations of space-based optical instruments and applications, and the newest developments in theory, technology and applications in optics, in both China and Europe. It thus provided a platform for exchanges on the latest research and current and planned optical missions. The major topics covered in these conference proceedings are: space optical remote sensing system design; advanced optical system design and manufacturing; remote sensor calibration and measurement; remote sensing data processing and information retrieval; and remote sensing data applications.
Author: Weltgesundheitsorganisation
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN: 9240034226
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.
