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Author: Jochen Kämpf
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319425242
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 443
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Book Description
Upwelling systems are special places in the oceans where nutrient-enriched water is brought into the euphotic zone to fuel phytoplankton blooms that, via marine food-web interactions, create the world’s richest fish resources. This book introduces the reader to the interdisciplinary science of upwelling and provides a comprehensive overview of the world’s most productive marine ecosystems in the context of climate variability, climate change and human exploitation. This material presented is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate study or just for anyone interested to learn about the creation of life in the oceans and how this is compromised by human activities.
Author: Jochen Kämpf
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319425242
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 443
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Book Description
Upwelling systems are special places in the oceans where nutrient-enriched water is brought into the euphotic zone to fuel phytoplankton blooms that, via marine food-web interactions, create the world’s richest fish resources. This book introduces the reader to the interdisciplinary science of upwelling and provides a comprehensive overview of the world’s most productive marine ecosystems in the context of climate variability, climate change and human exploitation. This material presented is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate study or just for anyone interested to learn about the creation of life in the oceans and how this is compromised by human activities.
Author: C. P. Summerhayes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 458
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Book Description
Upwelling is one of the major physical processes driving the biogeochemistry of the ocean system. It dominates primary productivity in the world?s oceans, accounting for 80?90% of new production. However, because of the physical conditions that have to be met to generate upwelling, this production is concentrated in just a few places, e.g., in the coastal waters of major eastern boundary currents off California, Peru, Mauritania, and Namibia, where productivity leads to major fishing grounds. These areas account for about 50% of the world?s fish catch, underlining the importance of upwelling to humankind. Source rocks for oil formed in ancient coastal upwelling environments, making their study useful for improving oil exploration models. Upwelling also occurs in the open ocean, especially along the equator and beneath the westerly winds in the subarctic Pacific and the Southern Ocean, where the ocean?s silica budget is transformed by the deposition of the remains of siliceous phytoplankton. Because phytoplankton, the grass of the sea, can extract CO2 from the atmosphere, changes in the intensity of upwelling and associated biological productivity through time may have influenced climate. This volume uses an interdisciplinary approach to establish how upwelling systems work, how they vary through time, and whether or not they have a significant influence on the global carbon cycle. An understanding of how these largely wind-driven biogeochemical systems work today, and how they responded to past fluctuations in climate, is essential in predicting how they and their associated living resources may change in the future. One conclusion is that these systems exert a major influence on the global cycle of nutrients, a factor that contributes to making the coastal regions major sinks for organic carbon. This book recommends new strategies for observation, sampling, monitoring, experimentation, and modeling as the basis for improving forecasts of the behavior of upwelling systems. It will be of interest to physical oceanographers, marine biologists, fisheries scientists, marine organic and inorganic chemists, marine geologists, petroleum explorers, paleoceanographers, and paleoclimatologists.
Author: R. Boje
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642669859
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Upwelling areas are among the most fertile regions of the ocean. In principle, upwelling is caused by the divergence of the flow in the surface layer of the ocean which arises as a consequence of a particular wind field, the presence of a coastline, or other special conditions. Since deeper oceanic layers are usually enriched wi th nutrients, it is the permanent supply of nutrients which forms the basis for the high producti vi ty of upwelling reg ions. The study of upwelling and its consequences were, for a long time, the task of individual scientists from all disciplines of marine science. Today, it is perhaps the branch of oceanography where interdisciplinary coopera tion has developed best. Becoming aware of the large potential yield of upwelling regions, governments in creased the funds for upwelling research. With research activities developed on a larger scale, interdisciplin ary cooperation became a necessity. On the international level, several symposia documented the rapid development. Three volumes reflect the results of these scientific meetings (Rapp. Proc.-Verb. 159, 1970; Inv. Pesq. 35, 1, 1971; Tethys §.' 1-2, 1974). The present book contains selected papers from the Third Symposium on Upwelling Ecosystems, which was held in Kiel in September 1975. Although the third of a series of meetings, it was the first where the word "ecosystem" stood in the title for a scientific program.
Author: Daniel Pauly
Publisher: WorldFish
ISBN: 9711022478
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 449
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Book Description
Author: Francisco Machin
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832541917
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Book Description
Eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUS) have historically received attention from the scientific community due to their impact on the economic development of these highly productive systems. Remote sensing, numerical modeling, and in situ observations have increased their spatial and temporal resolutions during the last 40 years in their strategy to provide reliable products about the actual state of the ocean. The assembly of several data sources currently constitutes an opportunity to increase our knowledge about the present and future state of the relatively narrow and highly variable EBUS. The primary forcing mechanism in the upwelling regions is the wind stress in areas close to the coast. Long-term trends in wind intensity in upwelling areas present considerable uncertainties as the different wind databases produce divergent results. On the other hand, although the effect of climate change in the interior ocean is increasing temperatures in upwelling areas, the long-term trends seem to be in the opposite direction. Hence, assessing the long-term impact of the environmental conditions on upwelling development represents a major challenge for the scientific community. This special issue aims to discuss the state-of-the-art understanding of dynamical processes governing the ocean at the eastern boundary upwelling systems in a changing ocean.
Author: M. Schwartz
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402038801
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1243
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Book Description
This new Encyclopedia of Coastal Science stands as the latest authoritative source in the field of coastal studies, making it the standard reference work for specialists and the interested lay person. Unique in its interdisciplinary approach. This Encyclopedia features contributions by 245 well-known international specialists in their respective fields and is abundantly illustrated with line-drawings and photographs. Not only does this volume offer an extensive number of entries, it also includes various appendices, an illustrated glossary of coastal morphology and extensive bibliographic listings.
Author: William E. Fischer
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781629481746
Category : Ocean circulation
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
An upwelling is a rise of deep sea waters to the surface. A minimum of four types of upwelling have been identified: coastal upwelling; large-scale wind-induced upwelling in the open ocean; upwelling related to tropical cyclones; and upwelling related to topography. In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the mechanisms, ecological effects and threats to biodiversity due to upwelling. Topics discussed in this compilation include the ecological effects of coastal upwelling in Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Namibian upwelling and its effects on macrozoobenthic diversity; mechanisms of impact on chlorophyll and upwelling in the Northern Black Sea; distribution, mechanisms, and biologic and climatic significance in upwelling and downwelling.
Author: B. Zeitzschel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642654681
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 550
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Book Description
This volume contains the proceedings of a Symposium held at the University of Kiel, Germany, from 31 March to 6 April, 1971. The Symposium was organized by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Marine Productivity section of the International Biological Programme (IBPIPM) with the assistance of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the International Association of Biological Oceanography (IABO). The aim of the Symposium was to summarize present knowledge of the biology of the Indian Ocean. Twenty-two presentations by invited speakers reviewed the research work carried out during the International Indian Ocean Expedition (lIOE) 1959 -1965, the first cooperative project coordinated by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC). In addition, reports were presented of postexpedition examination of material and of more recent investigations relevant to the aims of the lIOE. In keeping with the aims of "Ecological Studies", the present volume contains much new information and some synthesis, all directed towards obtaining an understanding of the functioning and organization of the ecosystem of the Indian Ocean. The plan of the Symposium was to present the relevant meteorological, physical, chemical and geological background and to follow this with the various aspects of biological oceanography. Because of the uneven stage of development of the different disciplines, the papers included in this volume vary in their analytical level.
Author: W. G. Ernst
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521478953
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 592
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Book Description
The ideal introductory textbook for any course at the first-year university level which touches upon environmental issues or earth systems science.
Author: X. San Liang
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1789843936
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 298
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Book Description
The coastal environment is deteriorating at an alarming rate and is currently a great societal concern. This book provides a selected collection of papers on coastal environmental change, coastal disasters, and coastal infrastructure due to global warming, with a focus on the coasts of the rapidly developing country China. What makes the book distinctly different from others is its diversity, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of coastal problems. With contributions from over 30 authors, the book is a comprehensive account of diverse topics, such as coastal upwelling, estuarine processes, coastal pollution, sea level rise, meteorological and atmospheric problems, urbanization and the heat island effect, and coastal infrastructure, to name just a few, from theoretical study and phenomenological description, to methodological development. This book is expected to serve as a relatively comprehensive reference for coastal researchers, graduate students, as well as policymakers and coastal resource managers.
