Author: Editorial Board
Publisher: Kalinjar Publications
ISBN: 9351720551
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 319
Book Description
9789351720553 B08-UPSC PRE G.S.Solved Q.Paper (1998-2015) Preliminary Examination ...................................................................................1-8 1. Ancient India ....................................................................................................9-15 2. Medieval India ...............................................................................................16-23 3. Modern India..................................................................................................24-46 4. Indian Geography ..........................................................................................47-75 5. World Geography ..........................................................................................76-96 6. Indian Polity & Governance ...................................................................... 97-117 7. Economy ................................................................................................... 118-150 8. Physics ..................................................................................................... 151-158 9. Chemistry ................................................................................................ 159-167 10. Biology ...................................................................................................... 168-182 11. Science & Technology ............................................................................ 183-193 12. General Knowledge & Current Events ................................................ 194-236 13. General Mental Ability .......................................................................... 237-261 General Studies Solved Paper — 2012 Categorised ................... 262-277 General Studies Solved Paper — 2013 Categorised ................... 278-290 General Studies Solved Paper — 2014 Categorised ................... 291-303 General Studies Solved Paper — 2015 Categorised ................... 304-316 Tags: UPSC, IAS, SSC, CSAT, Civil Services Exams
UPSC IAS Prelims G.S. Solved Question Papers (15+ Years)
Author: Editorial Board
Publisher: Kalinjar Publications
ISBN: 9351720551
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 319
Book Description
9789351720553 B08-UPSC PRE G.S.Solved Q.Paper (1998-2015) Preliminary Examination ...................................................................................1-8 1. Ancient India ....................................................................................................9-15 2. Medieval India ...............................................................................................16-23 3. Modern India..................................................................................................24-46 4. Indian Geography ..........................................................................................47-75 5. World Geography ..........................................................................................76-96 6. Indian Polity & Governance ...................................................................... 97-117 7. Economy ................................................................................................... 118-150 8. Physics ..................................................................................................... 151-158 9. Chemistry ................................................................................................ 159-167 10. Biology ...................................................................................................... 168-182 11. Science & Technology ............................................................................ 183-193 12. General Knowledge & Current Events ................................................ 194-236 13. General Mental Ability .......................................................................... 237-261 General Studies Solved Paper — 2012 Categorised ................... 262-277 General Studies Solved Paper — 2013 Categorised ................... 278-290 General Studies Solved Paper — 2014 Categorised ................... 291-303 General Studies Solved Paper — 2015 Categorised ................... 304-316 Tags: UPSC, IAS, SSC, CSAT, Civil Services Exams
Publisher: Kalinjar Publications
ISBN: 9351720551
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 319
Book Description
9789351720553 B08-UPSC PRE G.S.Solved Q.Paper (1998-2015) Preliminary Examination ...................................................................................1-8 1. Ancient India ....................................................................................................9-15 2. Medieval India ...............................................................................................16-23 3. Modern India..................................................................................................24-46 4. Indian Geography ..........................................................................................47-75 5. World Geography ..........................................................................................76-96 6. Indian Polity & Governance ...................................................................... 97-117 7. Economy ................................................................................................... 118-150 8. Physics ..................................................................................................... 151-158 9. Chemistry ................................................................................................ 159-167 10. Biology ...................................................................................................... 168-182 11. Science & Technology ............................................................................ 183-193 12. General Knowledge & Current Events ................................................ 194-236 13. General Mental Ability .......................................................................... 237-261 General Studies Solved Paper — 2012 Categorised ................... 262-277 General Studies Solved Paper — 2013 Categorised ................... 278-290 General Studies Solved Paper — 2014 Categorised ................... 291-303 General Studies Solved Paper — 2015 Categorised ................... 304-316 Tags: UPSC, IAS, SSC, CSAT, Civil Services Exams
26 Years Chapterwise Solved Questions UPSC IAS Pre General Studies Paper I for 2021 Exam
Author: Arihant Experts
Publisher: Arihant Publications India limited
ISBN: 9325292297
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 438
Book Description
1. The book provides Chapterwise Solved Question of previous 26 Years’ 2. It indicates the nature and trends of the questions that are being asked in UPSC examinations 3. The whole syllabus of the book is divided into 5 main parts 4. It contains Solved Papers [2020-2017] for IAS (PRE) General Studies PAPER – 1 5. This book uses simple language for better understanding Introducing the all new revised edition of “IAS (PRE) General Studies Paper – 1” This book facilitates by giving the deep coverage on all the topics of the syllabus at one place with the conceptual clarity to fulfill the need and demands of the aspirants under different sections. The special exam-oriented structure has been given according to the UPSC syllabus, discussion of the theoretical concepts with the contemporary examples are given. Ample numbers of Questions are provided in a Chapterwise form and Solved Papers 2020-17 that help in rising up level of preparation. Well detailed solutions are given for each question easing aspirants to understand the concepts. This book acts as a great help in achieving success for the upcoming exam. TOC: IAS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 SOLVED PAPER 2020, IAS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 SOLVED PAPER 2019, IAS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 SOLVED PAPER 2018, IAS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 SOLVED PAPER 2017, HISTORY OF INDIA AND INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT, INDIAN AND WORLD GEOGRAPHY, INDIAN POLITY AND GOVERNANCE, INDIAN ECONOMY, GENERAL SCIENCE AND SCIENCE & TECHNOLGY, GENERAL KNOWLEGE
Publisher: Arihant Publications India limited
ISBN: 9325292297
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 438
Book Description
1. The book provides Chapterwise Solved Question of previous 26 Years’ 2. It indicates the nature and trends of the questions that are being asked in UPSC examinations 3. The whole syllabus of the book is divided into 5 main parts 4. It contains Solved Papers [2020-2017] for IAS (PRE) General Studies PAPER – 1 5. This book uses simple language for better understanding Introducing the all new revised edition of “IAS (PRE) General Studies Paper – 1” This book facilitates by giving the deep coverage on all the topics of the syllabus at one place with the conceptual clarity to fulfill the need and demands of the aspirants under different sections. The special exam-oriented structure has been given according to the UPSC syllabus, discussion of the theoretical concepts with the contemporary examples are given. Ample numbers of Questions are provided in a Chapterwise form and Solved Papers 2020-17 that help in rising up level of preparation. Well detailed solutions are given for each question easing aspirants to understand the concepts. This book acts as a great help in achieving success for the upcoming exam. TOC: IAS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 SOLVED PAPER 2020, IAS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 SOLVED PAPER 2019, IAS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 SOLVED PAPER 2018, IAS GENERAL STUDIES PAPER 1 SOLVED PAPER 2017, HISTORY OF INDIA AND INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT, INDIAN AND WORLD GEOGRAPHY, INDIAN POLITY AND GOVERNANCE, INDIAN ECONOMY, GENERAL SCIENCE AND SCIENCE & TECHNOLGY, GENERAL KNOWLEGE
UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Exam-2023, 28 Years Topic-wise Solved Papers 1995–2022 General Studies & CSAT Paper-I & II
Author: Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS)
Publisher: Prabhat Prakashan
ISBN: 9354881661
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 720
Book Description
The presented book covers the questions of the UPSC Civil Services Examination of General Studies in Topic-wise solved Papers of the last 28 years (1995-2022) & CSAT (2011-2022). All chapters have been prepared according to the previous year’s UPSC Civil Services Prelims Paper-I & Il. The book has also been incorporated with Information & Instructions for Civil Services Exams; Plan & Schemes of Examinations, Tips & Strategies along with Time Management for Civil Services Exams Preparation. Explanations are error free as well as precise. Asked questions are arranged in topics such as History of India, Physical, Indian & World Geography, Indian Polity & Governance, Economic & Social Development, General Issues on Environment, Ecology, Bio-diversity & Climate Change, General Science, General Knowledge and Current Events. In CSAT question papers are categorised such as General Comprehension, Interpersonal Skills, Communication & Decision Making, Basic Numeracy, Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical Reasoning and English Language. The book also provides list of 31 Years UPSC Main Essay Questions Papers Section-wise along with 350+ Probable Essay Topics. This book provides an idea of nature of questions asked in the previous year’s exams. COVERS: « Important Information & Instructions for IAS Exam Plan & Schemes of Examinations (Prelims & Main) New Syllabus for Prelims & Main (GS) Tips & Strategies for Civil Services Exams Preparation Trend Analysis: Cut-off Marks-Year & Category-wise (PT & Main) Trend Analysis: Questions asked —Subject-wise & Year-wise Sources for Prelims & Main Exams Preparation
Publisher: Prabhat Prakashan
ISBN: 9354881661
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 720
Book Description
The presented book covers the questions of the UPSC Civil Services Examination of General Studies in Topic-wise solved Papers of the last 28 years (1995-2022) & CSAT (2011-2022). All chapters have been prepared according to the previous year’s UPSC Civil Services Prelims Paper-I & Il. The book has also been incorporated with Information & Instructions for Civil Services Exams; Plan & Schemes of Examinations, Tips & Strategies along with Time Management for Civil Services Exams Preparation. Explanations are error free as well as precise. Asked questions are arranged in topics such as History of India, Physical, Indian & World Geography, Indian Polity & Governance, Economic & Social Development, General Issues on Environment, Ecology, Bio-diversity & Climate Change, General Science, General Knowledge and Current Events. In CSAT question papers are categorised such as General Comprehension, Interpersonal Skills, Communication & Decision Making, Basic Numeracy, Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical Reasoning and English Language. The book also provides list of 31 Years UPSC Main Essay Questions Papers Section-wise along with 350+ Probable Essay Topics. This book provides an idea of nature of questions asked in the previous year’s exams. COVERS: « Important Information & Instructions for IAS Exam Plan & Schemes of Examinations (Prelims & Main) New Syllabus for Prelims & Main (GS) Tips & Strategies for Civil Services Exams Preparation Trend Analysis: Cut-off Marks-Year & Category-wise (PT & Main) Trend Analysis: Questions asked —Subject-wise & Year-wise Sources for Prelims & Main Exams Preparation
2024-25 UPSC IAS (Pre) General Studies and CSAT Solved Papers
Author: YCT Expert Team
Publisher: YOUTH COMPETITION TIMES
ISBN:
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 916
Book Description
2024-25 UPSC IAS (Pre) General Studies and CSAT Solved Papers 914 1495 E. This book contains previous year papers from 1993 to 2024 with detail analytical explanation and revised answer key.
Publisher: YOUTH COMPETITION TIMES
ISBN:
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 916
Book Description
2024-25 UPSC IAS (Pre) General Studies and CSAT Solved Papers 914 1495 E. This book contains previous year papers from 1993 to 2024 with detail analytical explanation and revised answer key.
UPSC Civil Services 29 Years IAS Prelims GS Paper 1 & CSAT Paper 2 Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1 & 2 1995-2023
Author: Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS)
Publisher: Prabhat Prakashan
ISBN: 9354886752
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 750
Book Description
The presented book UPSC Civil Services 29 Years - IAS Prelims - GS Paper 1 & CSAT Paper 2 which is thoroughly revised and updated and is in 2-color texts covers the questions of the last 29 years for General Studies (1995-2023) & CSAT (2011-2023). A chapters have been prepared according to the previous years UPSC Civil Services Prelims Paper & The book has also been incorporated with Information & Instructions for Civil Services Exams; Plan & Schemes of Examinations, Tips & Strategies along with Time Management for Civil Services Exams Preparation. Explanations are error free as well as precise. Asked questions are arranged in topics such as History of India, Physical, Indian & World Geography, Indian Polity & Governance, Economic & Social Development, General Issues on Environment, Ecology, Bio-diversity & Climate Change, General Science, General Knowledge and Current Events. In CSAT question papers are categorised such as General Comprehension, Interpersonal
Publisher: Prabhat Prakashan
ISBN: 9354886752
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 750
Book Description
The presented book UPSC Civil Services 29 Years - IAS Prelims - GS Paper 1 & CSAT Paper 2 which is thoroughly revised and updated and is in 2-color texts covers the questions of the last 29 years for General Studies (1995-2023) & CSAT (2011-2023). A chapters have been prepared according to the previous years UPSC Civil Services Prelims Paper & The book has also been incorporated with Information & Instructions for Civil Services Exams; Plan & Schemes of Examinations, Tips & Strategies along with Time Management for Civil Services Exams Preparation. Explanations are error free as well as precise. Asked questions are arranged in topics such as History of India, Physical, Indian & World Geography, Indian Polity & Governance, Economic & Social Development, General Issues on Environment, Ecology, Bio-diversity & Climate Change, General Science, General Knowledge and Current Events. In CSAT question papers are categorised such as General Comprehension, Interpersonal
UPSC CIVIL SERVICES Preliminary Exam-2021 27 years Topic-Wise Solved Papers 1995–2021 General Studies & CSAT Paper-I & II
Author: Dr. Manish Rannjan (IAS)
Publisher: Prabhat Prakashan
ISBN: 9354881009
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 688
Book Description
9789354881008 | The Presented book covers the questions of the UPSC Civil Service Examination of General Studies in Topic-wise Solved Papers of the last 27 years (1995-2021) & CSAT (2011-2020). All chapters have been prepared according to the previous year’s UPSC Civil Service Prelims Paper-I & II. The book has also been Incorporated Information & Instructions for Civil Service Exam; Plan & Schemes of Examinations, Tips & Strategies along with Time Management for Civil Services Exams Preparation. Explanations are error free as well as very precise. Asked question are arranged in topics such as History of India, Physical, Indian & World Geography, Indian Polity & Governance, Economic & Social Development, General Issues on Environment, Ecology, Bio-diversity & Climate Change, General Science, General Knowledge and Current Events; In CSAT question papers are categories such as General Comprehension, Interpersonal Skills, Communication & Decision Making, Basic Numeracy, Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical Reasoning and English Language. The book also provides list of 30 Years UPSC Main Essay Questions Papers Section-wise along with 350+ Probable Essay Topics. This book provides an idea of nature of questions that has been asked in the previous year’s exams. Recommended by Faculties and Read by UPSC Toppers.
Publisher: Prabhat Prakashan
ISBN: 9354881009
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 688
Book Description
9789354881008 | The Presented book covers the questions of the UPSC Civil Service Examination of General Studies in Topic-wise Solved Papers of the last 27 years (1995-2021) & CSAT (2011-2020). All chapters have been prepared according to the previous year’s UPSC Civil Service Prelims Paper-I & II. The book has also been Incorporated Information & Instructions for Civil Service Exam; Plan & Schemes of Examinations, Tips & Strategies along with Time Management for Civil Services Exams Preparation. Explanations are error free as well as very precise. Asked question are arranged in topics such as History of India, Physical, Indian & World Geography, Indian Polity & Governance, Economic & Social Development, General Issues on Environment, Ecology, Bio-diversity & Climate Change, General Science, General Knowledge and Current Events; In CSAT question papers are categories such as General Comprehension, Interpersonal Skills, Communication & Decision Making, Basic Numeracy, Mental Ability, Analytical & Logical Reasoning and English Language. The book also provides list of 30 Years UPSC Main Essay Questions Papers Section-wise along with 350+ Probable Essay Topics. This book provides an idea of nature of questions that has been asked in the previous year’s exams. Recommended by Faculties and Read by UPSC Toppers.
(Free) Analysis of Current Issues (17 Case Studies) for Ethics & Integrity General Studies IAS Mains Paper IV
Author: Ajit Kumar Jha
Publisher: Disha Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
Book Description
Ethical discussions form the core of GSM IV- ETHICS, INTEGRITY AND APTITUDE. Current happenings around us— social, political, economic or other in nature— very often throw ethical questions for intellectual pondering. These are questions a right thinking Civil Services officer ought to understand well and look to answer suitably, using the powers vested in their position. This is precisely what the IAS Mains General Studies Paper IV tries to test in an aspirant. Hence it is essential for an aspirant to have a clear understanding and opinion on the latest Social, Political or Economic Issues of our Country. This ebook mainly focus on developing a similar approach among aspirants. The book is written by the author of bestseller The epitome of Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude, Ajit Kumar Jha. He has a degree in Philosophy from St Stephens College, Delhi University and years of experience as a scholar and writer of considerable renown.
Publisher: Disha Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
Book Description
Ethical discussions form the core of GSM IV- ETHICS, INTEGRITY AND APTITUDE. Current happenings around us— social, political, economic or other in nature— very often throw ethical questions for intellectual pondering. These are questions a right thinking Civil Services officer ought to understand well and look to answer suitably, using the powers vested in their position. This is precisely what the IAS Mains General Studies Paper IV tries to test in an aspirant. Hence it is essential for an aspirant to have a clear understanding and opinion on the latest Social, Political or Economic Issues of our Country. This ebook mainly focus on developing a similar approach among aspirants. The book is written by the author of bestseller The epitome of Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude, Ajit Kumar Jha. He has a degree in Philosophy from St Stephens College, Delhi University and years of experience as a scholar and writer of considerable renown.
WINR Monthly current events diary July 2024
Author:
Publisher: Disha Publications
ISBN: 9362254840
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73
Book Description
Publisher: Disha Publications
ISBN: 9362254840
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 73
Book Description
30 Years UPSC Prelims Civil Services Exam 2025 | IAS Prelims Topic-wise Solved Papers 1 & 2 (1995-2024) | General Studies & Aptitude (CSAT) MCQs | PYQs Previous Year Questions Bank Guide
Author: Team Prabhat
Publisher: Prabhat Prakashan
ISBN: 8197609748
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 786
Book Description
Are you aiming to crack the UPSC Civil Services Exam and become an IAS officer? This book can be your one-stop resource for mastering the Prelims stage! Here's why you should consider this book: Comprehensive Coverage: It covers the last 30 years of questions (1995-2024) for General Studies (Paper I) and the last 14 years (2011-2024) for CSAT (Paper II). Up-to-Date and Revised: The book is thoroughly revised and updated to reflect any changes in the exam pattern. Topic-Wise Breakdown: All chapters are organized by topic, making it easy to focus on specific areas. (History, Geography, Polity, Economy, etc.) Precise Explanations: Get clear and accurate explanations for all the solved questions. Essential Information: Includes information on the Civil Services Exam format, exam schemes, tips & strategies, and time management techniques. CSAT Focused: Provides dedicated sections for all CSAT paper topics like comprehension, reasoning, and English language skills. Bonus Material: Get access to a list of past UPSC Mains Essay paper topics and even probable essay topics for 2025. Benefits of using this Book: Understand Exam Pattern: Analyze past questions to understand the nature of questions asked and the weightage given to different topics. Identify Important Topics: Focus your preparation on frequently tested areas and avoid wasting time on irrelevant subjects. Practice & Improve: Solve past questions to test your knowledge, identify your strengths and weaknesses, and improve your problem-solving skills. Develop Exam Strategy: Learn valuable tips and strategies for effective time management and exam success. Overall, this book is a valuable resource for anyone serious about cracking the UPSC Civil Services Prelims. It provides a comprehensive overview of the exam, helps you understand the question pattern, and offers practice questions with explanations.
Publisher: Prabhat Prakashan
ISBN: 8197609748
Category : Study Aids
Languages : en
Pages : 786
Book Description
Are you aiming to crack the UPSC Civil Services Exam and become an IAS officer? This book can be your one-stop resource for mastering the Prelims stage! Here's why you should consider this book: Comprehensive Coverage: It covers the last 30 years of questions (1995-2024) for General Studies (Paper I) and the last 14 years (2011-2024) for CSAT (Paper II). Up-to-Date and Revised: The book is thoroughly revised and updated to reflect any changes in the exam pattern. Topic-Wise Breakdown: All chapters are organized by topic, making it easy to focus on specific areas. (History, Geography, Polity, Economy, etc.) Precise Explanations: Get clear and accurate explanations for all the solved questions. Essential Information: Includes information on the Civil Services Exam format, exam schemes, tips & strategies, and time management techniques. CSAT Focused: Provides dedicated sections for all CSAT paper topics like comprehension, reasoning, and English language skills. Bonus Material: Get access to a list of past UPSC Mains Essay paper topics and even probable essay topics for 2025. Benefits of using this Book: Understand Exam Pattern: Analyze past questions to understand the nature of questions asked and the weightage given to different topics. Identify Important Topics: Focus your preparation on frequently tested areas and avoid wasting time on irrelevant subjects. Practice & Improve: Solve past questions to test your knowledge, identify your strengths and weaknesses, and improve your problem-solving skills. Develop Exam Strategy: Learn valuable tips and strategies for effective time management and exam success. Overall, this book is a valuable resource for anyone serious about cracking the UPSC Civil Services Prelims. It provides a comprehensive overview of the exam, helps you understand the question pattern, and offers practice questions with explanations.
Public Administration (Optional) Categorised Papers (15+ Years 2003-2020)
Author: Editorial Board
Publisher: IAS EXAM PORTAL
ISBN:
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 75
Book Description
Public Administration (Optional) Categorised Papers (15+ Years 2003-2020) Public Administration Paper-1 (2003-2020) Chapter – 1 : Introduction Chapter – 2 : Administrative Thought Chapter – 3 : Administrative Behaviour Chapter – 4 : Organizations Chapter – 5 : Accountability and Control Chapter – 6 : Administrative Law Chapter – 7 : Comparative Public Administration Chapter – 8 : Development Dynamics Chapter – 9 : Personnel Administration Chapter – 10 : Public Policy Chapter – 11 : Techniques of Administrative Improvement Chapter – 12 : Financial Administration Public Administration Paper-2 (2003-2020) Chapter – 1 : Evolution of Indian Administration Chapter – 2 : Philosophical and Constitutional Framework of Government Chapter – 3 : Public Sector Undertakings Chapter – 4 : Union Government and Administration Chapter – 5 : Plans and Priorities Chapter – 6 : State Government and Administration Chapter – 7 : District Administration Since Independence Chapter – 8 : Civil Services Chapter – 9 : Financial Management Chapter – 10 : Administrative Reforms Since Independence Chapter – 11 : Rural Development Chapter – 12 : Urban Local Government Chapter – 13 : Law and Order Administration Chapter – 14 : Significant Issues in Indian Administration https://iasexamportal.com/ebook/upsc-mains-public-administration-papers
Publisher: IAS EXAM PORTAL
ISBN:
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
Languages : en
Pages : 75
Book Description
Public Administration (Optional) Categorised Papers (15+ Years 2003-2020) Public Administration Paper-1 (2003-2020) Chapter – 1 : Introduction Chapter – 2 : Administrative Thought Chapter – 3 : Administrative Behaviour Chapter – 4 : Organizations Chapter – 5 : Accountability and Control Chapter – 6 : Administrative Law Chapter – 7 : Comparative Public Administration Chapter – 8 : Development Dynamics Chapter – 9 : Personnel Administration Chapter – 10 : Public Policy Chapter – 11 : Techniques of Administrative Improvement Chapter – 12 : Financial Administration Public Administration Paper-2 (2003-2020) Chapter – 1 : Evolution of Indian Administration Chapter – 2 : Philosophical and Constitutional Framework of Government Chapter – 3 : Public Sector Undertakings Chapter – 4 : Union Government and Administration Chapter – 5 : Plans and Priorities Chapter – 6 : State Government and Administration Chapter – 7 : District Administration Since Independence Chapter – 8 : Civil Services Chapter – 9 : Financial Management Chapter – 10 : Administrative Reforms Since Independence Chapter – 11 : Rural Development Chapter – 12 : Urban Local Government Chapter – 13 : Law and Order Administration Chapter – 14 : Significant Issues in Indian Administration https://iasexamportal.com/ebook/upsc-mains-public-administration-papers