Universal Service Obligations in Utility Concession Contracts and the Needs of the Poor in Argentina's Privatizations PDF Download
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Author: Omar O. Chisari
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Bank
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
"The structural changes that come with privatization may induce a reconsideration of the regulations defined during the early stages of privatization"--Cover.
Author: Omar O. Chisari
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Bank
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
"The structural changes that come with privatization may induce a reconsideration of the regulations defined during the early stages of privatization"--Cover.
Author: J. M. Finger
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Commercial policy
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
The Uruguay Round tariff negotiations did not achieve a country-by-country balancing of concessions received. How governments bargained was determined less by their national interets than by the interests of their politically important industrial constituencies.
Author: Antonio Estache
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 27
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Book Description
The structural changes that come with privatization may induce a reconsideration of the regulations defined during the early stages of privatization.Chisari and Estache summarize the main lessons emerging from Argentina's experience, including universal service obligations in concession contracts. They discuss free-riding risks, moral hazard problems, and other issues that arise when social concerns are delegated to private operators.After reporting on Argentina's experience, Chisari and Estache suggest ome guidelines:middot; Anticipate interjurisdictional externalities. Users' mobility makes targeting service obligations difficult.middot; Minimize the risks imposed by elusive demand. In providing new services, a gradual policy may work better than a shock.middot; Realize that unemployment leads to delinquency and lower expected tariffs. Elasticity of fixed and usage charges is important.middot; Deal with the fact that the poor have limited access to credit. Ultimately, plans that included credit for the payment of infrastructure charges were not that successful.middot; Coordinate regulatory, employment, and social policy. One successful plan to provide universal service involved employing workers from poor families in infrastructure extension works.middot; Beware of the latent opportunism of users who benefit from special programs. Special treatment of a sector may encourage free-riding (for example, pensioners overused the telephone until a limit was placed on the number of subsidized phone calls they could make).middot; Fixed allocations for payment of services do not ensure that universal service obligations will be met. How do you deal with the problem that many pensioners do not pay their bills?middot; Anticipate that operators will have more information than regulators do. If companies exaggerate supply costs in remote areas, direct interaction with poor users there may lead to the selection of more cost-effective technologies.middot; Tailored programs are often much more effective than standardized programs. They are clearly more expensive but, when demand-driven, are also more effective.This paper - a product of Governance, Regulation, and Finance, World Bank Institute - is part of a larger effort in the institute to increase understanding of infrastructure regulation. The authors may be contacted at
[email protected] or
[email protected].
Author: Antonio Estache
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Infrastructure (Economics)
Languages : en
Pages : 40
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Book Description
Do Latin America's poor households lose from the privatization of infrastructure? How can policymakers minimize the risk of losses while promoting competition and private financing of infrastructure?
Author: Martin Ravallion
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1205340793
Category : Absolute Poverty
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Abstract: December 1999 - Nonfarm economic growth in India had very different effects on poverty in different states. Nonfarm growth was least effective at reducing poverty in states where initial conditions were poor in terms of rural development and human resources. Among initial conditions conducive to pro-poor growth, literacy plays a notably positive role. Ravallion and Datt use 20 household surveys for India's 15 major states, spanning 1960-94, to study how initial conditions and the sectoral composition of economic growth interact to influence how much economic growth reduced poverty. The elasticities of measured poverty to farm yields and development spending did not differ significantly across states. But the elasticities of poverty to (urban and rural) nonfarm output varied appreciably, and the differences were quantitatively important to the overall rate of poverty reduction. States with initially lower farm productivity, lower rural living standards relative to those in urban areas, and lower literacy experienced a less pro-poor growth process. This paper - a joint product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group, and the Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, South Asia Region - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to better understand the conditions required for pro-poor growth. The authors may be contacted at
[email protected] or
[email protected].
Author: Philippe Marin
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 0821379577
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Book Description
'Public-Private Partnerships for Urban Water Utilities: A Review of Experiences in Developing Countries' analyzes the market growth of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the developing world since 1990, and the performance of more than 65 large water PPP projects representing more than 100 million people for access, service quality, operational efficiency, and tariff levels. Although a relatively small portion of the water utilities in the developing world are operated under PPPs (about 7 percent in 2007), the urban population served by private water operators has grown every year since 1990. Despite many difficulties encountered by PPP projects and a few contract terminations, a large majority of contracts awarded since 1990 are still in place. The track record for improving service and efficiency reaffirms the value of PPPs to help turn around poorly performing water utilities, even though the level of private financing did not match initial expectations. Over time, a more realistic market has developed, the number of private investors from developing countries has grown, and contract designs have become more pragmatic concerning risk allocations between partners. The water sector has many features that set it apart from other infrastructure sectors. This book suggests the need for careful consideration of those specificities to successfully involve private operators. Although concessions with private financing have worked in a few places, contractual arrangements that combine private operation with public financing appear to be the most sustainable option in many countries. Policy makers, stakeholders, and donors need to remain heavily engaged in the water sector, especially in the poorest countries and during a global financial crisis. This book contributes to a better understanding of the various options to tackle the many challenges of providing water and sanitation services to urban populations in the developing world.
Author: Paola Bongini
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Balance Sheet
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
"In the East Asian crisis, "connections" - with industrial groups or influential families - increased the probability of distress for financial institutions. Connections also made closure more, not less, likely, suggesting that the closure processes themselves were transparent. But larger institutions, although more likely to be distressed, were less likely to be closed, suggesting a "too big to fail" policy"--Cover.
Author: Ritva Reinikka
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Infrastructure (Economics)
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
"Evidence from Uganda shows that poor public provision of infrastructure services-- proxied by an unreliable and inadequate power supply-- significantly reduces productive private investment"--Cover.
Author: Daniel Cohen
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
"At this stage, it is difficult to conclude that the euro will have substantial macroeconomic impact on sub-Saharan Africa, unless launch of the euro becomes the tool of a major policy shift, such as the "euroization" of the continent-- which is currently unlikely"--Cover.
Author: Robert Baldwin
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191629421
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 679
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Book Description
Regulation is often thought of as an activity that restricts behaviour and prevents the occurrence of certain undesirable activities, but the influence of regulation can also be enabling or facilitative, as when a market could potentially be chaotic if uncontrolled. This Handbook provides a clear and authoritative discussion of the major trends and issues in regulation over the last thirty years, together with an outline of prospective developments. It brings together contributions from leading scholars from a range of disciplines and countries. Each chapter offers a broad overview of key current issues and provides an analysis of different perspectives on those issues. Experiences in different jurisdictions and insights from various disciplines are drawn upon, and particular attention is paid to the challenges that are encountered when specific approaches are applied in practice. Contributors develop their own distinctive arguments relating to the central issues in regulation and apply scholarly rigour and clear writing to matters of high policy-relevance. The essays are original, accessible, and agenda-setting, and the Handbook will be essential reading both to students and researchers and to with regulatory and regulated professionals.
