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Author: Lynn G. Spivak
Publisher: Thieme
ISBN: 9780865776999
Category : Hearing disorders in infants
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Following the NIH recommendations of 1993, most U.S. hospitals now carry out Universal Newborn Hearing Screening. This new book-the first complete guide to this expanding field-provides detailed information on staff training, data collection, quality control measures and other UNHS issues. Practical and up-to-date, the book is a must for all specialists concerned with the development and management of newborn screening programs. The only book to combine specific management tips with the first-hand experience of seasoned UNHS professionals, this book should be in the collection of all audiologists, physicians, nurses and hospital administrators.
Author: Lynn G. Spivak
Publisher: Thieme
ISBN: 9780865776999
Category : Hearing disorders in infants
Languages : en
Pages : 296
Get Book Here
Book Description
Following the NIH recommendations of 1993, most U.S. hospitals now carry out Universal Newborn Hearing Screening. This new book-the first complete guide to this expanding field-provides detailed information on staff training, data collection, quality control measures and other UNHS issues. Practical and up-to-date, the book is a must for all specialists concerned with the development and management of newborn screening programs. The only book to combine specific management tips with the first-hand experience of seasoned UNHS professionals, this book should be in the collection of all audiologists, physicians, nurses and hospital administrators.
Author: Karl White
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Audiology
Languages : en
Pages : 44
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher: Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN: 9781490476971
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 74
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Book Description
This systematic evidence review updates a prior review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) on universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) to detect moderate to severe permanent, bilateral congenital hearing loss (PCHL). In 2001, based on results of a prior systematic evidence review, the USPSTF concluded that the evidence was insufficient to recommend for or against routine screening of newborns for PCHL during the postpartum hospitalization (I Recommendation). The USPSTF provided additional specific conclusions about the evidence. They determined that methods of screening using otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) are highly accurate for identifying PCHL in newborns, and UNHS leads to earlier identification and treatment of infants with PCHL. They found that evidence was inconclusive regarding whether earlier treatment resulting from newborn screening leads to clinically important improvement in speech and language skills at age 3 years and beyond because existing studies had design limitations. The USPSTF considered that earlier identification and intervention may improve the quality of life during the first year of life, and prevent regret by the family over delayed diagnosis of PCHL, but limited data addressing these benefits existed. They were not able to determine whether potential benefits outweighed the potential harms of false-positive tests. This update focuses on critical evidence gaps that were unresolved at the time of the 2001 recommendation, and utilizes the format and methods of the prior systematic evidence review. The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JNIH), comprised of representatives from audiology, otolaryngology, pediatrics, education, and state speech and hearing programs, provides position statements and establishes practice standards for early identification, intervention, and follow-up care for infants and young children with hearing loss. According to the JCIH, hearing screening should identify infants at risk for specifically defined hearing loss that interferes with development. The targeted hearing loss for UNHS programs is permanent sensory or conductive hearing loss averaging 30 to 40 decibels (dB) or more in the frequency region important for speech recognition (approximately 500 through 4000 Hertz [Hz]). The focus of UNHS is on congenital as opposed to acquired or progressive hearing loss that may not be detected in the newborn period. The term “hearing impairment” is commonly used outside the U.S. instead of “hearing loss.” This systematic review updates the evidence from the prior 2001 USPSTF review for the following key questions: 1. Among infants identified by UNHS who would not be identified by targeted screening, does initiating treatment prior to age 6 months improve language and communication outcomes? 2. Compared with targeted screening, does UNHS increase the chance that treatment will be initiated by age 6 months for average risk infants? For high risk infants? 3. What are the adverse effects of UNHS and early treatment?
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Hearing disorders in children
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: Angela E. Raffle
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192528661
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Screening programmes involve the systematic offer of testing for populations or groups of apparently healthy people to identify individuals who may be at future risk of a particular medical condition or disease, with the aim of offering intervention to reduce their risk. For many years, screening was practised without debate, and without evidence, but in the 1960s serious challenges were raised about many of the screening procedures then being practised. Benefits and harms of screening must be measured in high quality trials, and the benefits of screening must be weighed alongside the negative side-effects. Concerns were raised about potential and actual harm arising when people without a health problem received dangerous and unnecessary investigations and treatments as a result of routine screening tests. Controversy raged, and it took some 50 years to achieve widespread recognition that evidence-based and quality assured programme delivery was essential, coupled with provision of balanced informed to enable informed choice for potential participants. Commercially motivated provision of poor quality and non-evidence based screening tests is increasing and screening remains a highly contested topic that has relevance in all health systems including for the general public and media. This book serves as a practical and comprehensive guide to all aspects of screening. Following the international success of the first edition, this second edition brings extensive updates and new case study material. The first section deals with concepts, methods, and evidence, charts the story of screening back to 1861, and covers all aspects of a screening programme and how to research the full consequences. The second section is a practical guide to sound policy-making and to high quality delivery of best value screening. The controversies, paradoxes, uncertainties, and ethical dilemmas of screening are explained, and each chapter is packed with examples, real-life case histories, helpful summary points, and self-test questions. Reference is made to the NHS, a leader in screening, but the primary focus is on universal principles, making the book highly relevant across the globe.
Author: Heidi D. Nelson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
OBJECTIVE: This review is an update for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) on universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) to detect moderate to severe permanent, bilateral congenital hearing loss. The review focuses on 3 key questions regarding the effectiveness of universal screening and early interventions in improving language and other outcomes in childhood, the effectiveness of universal screening in identifying infants with hearing loss and leading them to early interventions, and adverse effects of screening and early interventions. METHODOLOGY: Literature searches of MEDLINE and Cochrane databases (2000-November 2007) were conducted to systematically identify articles addressing the 3 key questions published since the prior recommendation in 2001. Additional articles were obtained from reference lists of related reviews, studies, editorials, reports, websites, and by consulting experts. Articles were subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria, data from included studies were abstracted, and studies were rated for quality with pre-determined criteria. Results were summarized descriptively in tables. An outcomes table estimating the number needed to screen was determined using estimates from the most relevant studies. RESULTS: A good-quality retrospective study of children with hearing loss indicates that those who had early versus late confirmation and those who had undergone UNHS versus none had better receptive language at age 8 years, but not better expressive language or speech. A good-quality nonrandomized trial of a large birth cohort indicates that infants identified with hearing loss through UNHS have earlier referral, diagnosis, and treatment than those not screened. These findings are corroborated by multiple descriptive studies of ages of referral, diagnosis, and treatment. Universal newborn hearing screening programs have low false-positive and referral rates and are generally well accepted and tolerated by parents of newborns. Studies indicate that usual parental reactions to an initial non-pass on a hearing screen include worry, questioning, and distress. These negative emotions resolve for most parents when a diagnostic test is provided with a normal result. Little information exists about the adverse effects of early interventions, although cochlear implants are associated with higher risks for bacterial meningitis in young children. CONCLUSIONS: Children with hearing loss who had UNHS have better language outcomes at school age than those not screened. Infants identified with hearing loss through universal screening have significantly earlier referral, diagnosis, and treatment than those identified in other ways.
Author: Taukeni, Simon George
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799844153
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
Different levels in health sciences, in particular public health, have acknowledged the significant role of epidemiology methods for early detection of emerging infections, alert systems, and preparedness interventions. Therefore, it is important to understand how epidemiological research is conducted and how it can be used at various levels to make exposure or incidence data on a general population available. In this, epidemiological research connected to both human and technology interactions is of primary importance. Epidemiological Research Applications for Public Health Measurement and Intervention provides relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in the field of epidemiology. The chapters within this essential reference source enhance the knowledge of epidemiological research and measurement to investigate, detect, and monitor emerging pathological infections. While highlighting topics that include the history of epidemiology; the applications of epidemiology; and also the uses, principles, and roles of epidemiology, this book is ideally intended for professionals and researchers working in the field of health sciences in various disciplines and government officials, policymakers, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in epidemiological research and measurement for increasing the effectiveness of public health practice.
Author: Martin S. Robinette
Publisher: Thieme
ISBN: 1604066296
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 468
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Book Description
A new edition of a best-selling text with a CD-ROM by Dr. David Kemp The new edition of the best-selling Otoacoustic Emissions: Clinical Applications provides a thorough review of the complex physiology of the ear and clinical applications of the latest research on otoacoustic emissions. The book features new chapters on such important topics as middle ear function enhanced by reflectance measurements and the use of otoacoustic emissions as a preclinical measure of susceptibility to hearing loss. Accompanying the book is a CD-ROM developed by Dr. David Kemp, Ph.D., which contains animations, movies, and interviews. The CD-ROM serves as an indispensable aid to both teaching and reviewing key concepts. From physiological phenomena to diagnostic and clinical applications, this book is a complete reference on otoacoustic emissions that will provide graduates in audiology and residents in otolaryngology and otology with all the essential information needed for research and professional practice.
Author: John T. Jacobson
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 360
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Book Description
