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Author: V.N. Kondratiev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642676081
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254
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Book Description
The present monograph appears after the death of Professor V. N. Kondratiev, one of those scientists who have greatly contributed to the foundation of contem porary gas kinetics. The most fundamental idea of chemical kinetics, put for ward at the beginning of the twentieth century and connected with names such as W. Nernst, M. Bodenstein, N. N. Semenov, and C. N. Hinshelwood, was that the complex chemical reactions are in fact a manifestation of a set of simpler elementary reactions involving but a small number of species. V. N. Kondratiev was one of the first to adopt this idea and to start investigations on the elementary chemical reactions proper. These investigations revealed explicitly that every elementary reaction in turn consisted of many elementary events usually referred to as elementary processes. It took some time to realize that an elementary reaction, represented in a very simple way by a macroscopic kinetic equation, can be described on a microscopic level by a generalized Boltzmann equation. Neverheless, up to the middle of the twentieth century, gas kinetics was mainly concerned with the interpretation of complex chemical reactions via a set of elementary reactions. But later on, the situation changed drastically. First, the conditions for reducing microscopic cquations to macroscopic ones were clearly set up. These are essentially based on the fact that the small perturbations of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution are caused by the reaction proper.
Author: V.N. Kondratiev
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642676081
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 254
Get Book Here
Book Description
The present monograph appears after the death of Professor V. N. Kondratiev, one of those scientists who have greatly contributed to the foundation of contem porary gas kinetics. The most fundamental idea of chemical kinetics, put for ward at the beginning of the twentieth century and connected with names such as W. Nernst, M. Bodenstein, N. N. Semenov, and C. N. Hinshelwood, was that the complex chemical reactions are in fact a manifestation of a set of simpler elementary reactions involving but a small number of species. V. N. Kondratiev was one of the first to adopt this idea and to start investigations on the elementary chemical reactions proper. These investigations revealed explicitly that every elementary reaction in turn consisted of many elementary events usually referred to as elementary processes. It took some time to realize that an elementary reaction, represented in a very simple way by a macroscopic kinetic equation, can be described on a microscopic level by a generalized Boltzmann equation. Neverheless, up to the middle of the twentieth century, gas kinetics was mainly concerned with the interpretation of complex chemical reactions via a set of elementary reactions. But later on, the situation changed drastically. First, the conditions for reducing microscopic cquations to macroscopic ones were clearly set up. These are essentially based on the fact that the small perturbations of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution are caused by the reaction proper.
Author: Pierre J. Ausloos
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461329310
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 507
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Book Description
The investigation of the elementary reactions of reactive intermediate species began about half a centruy ago with the advent of free radical kinetics as an active area of chemical research. In spite of the relatively greater ease of detection of a species carrying an electrical charge, and the fact that organic chemists had for decades postulated mechanisms involving ionic intermediates, the systematic study of the elementary reactions of ions was delayed for more than twenty years after the first beginnings of free radical kinetics. Even at this writing, in 1978, the word "kinetics" is considered by many chemists to be synomomous with "kinetics of neutral species". Yet in spite of the relatively late start and separation from the mainstream of kinetics, the field of ion physics and chemistry is fluorishing, and growing at an ever faster pace. Instrumentalists devise ever more sophisticated apparatuses with capabilities of delving into nearly every aspect of the interactions between ions and molecules. Even satellites orbiting the earth are now being used effectively to determine rate coefficients of ionospheric ion-neutral reactions, some of which can not as yet be measured in the laboratory.
Author: Nicholas Green
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080543448
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263
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Book Description
Unimolecular reactions are in principle the simplest chemical reactions, because they only involve one molecule. The basic mechanism, in which the competition between the chemical reaction step and a collisional deactivation leads to a pressure-dependent coefficient, has been understood for a long time. However, this is a rapidly developing field, and many new and important discoveries have been made in the past decade.This First Part Part of Two CCK Volumes dealing with Unimolecular Rections, deals with the Reaction Step. The first chapter is an introduction to the whole project, aiming to cover the material necessary to understand the content of the detailed chapters, as well as the history of the development of the area. Chapter 2 is a review of the modern view of the statistical theories, as embodied in the various forms of RRKM theory. Chapter 3 deals with the fully quantum mechanical view of reactive states as resonances.. Presents considerable advances in the field made during the last decade.. Treats both the statistical as well as the fully quantum mechanical view.
Author: Luis Arnaut
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080469345
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 563
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Book Description
Chemical Kinetics bridges the gap between beginner and specialist with a path that leads the reader from the phenomenological approach to the rates of chemical reactions to the state-of-the-art calculation of the rate constants of the most prevalent reactions: atom transfers, catalysis, proton transfers, substitution reactions, energy transfers and electron transfers. For the beginner provides the basics: the simplest concepts, the fundamental experiments, and the underlying theories. For the specialist shows where sophisticated experimental and theoretical methods combine to offer a panorama of time-dependent molecular phenomena connected by a new rational. Chemical Kinetics goes far beyond the qualitative description: with the guidance of theory, the path becomes a reaction path that can actually be inspected and calculated. But Chemical Kinetics is more about structure and reactivity than numbers and calculations. A great emphasis in the clarity of the concepts is achieved by illustrating all the theories and mechanisms with recent examples, some of them described with sufficient detail and simplicity to be used in general chemistry and lab courses.* Looking at atoms and molecules, and how molecular structures change with time. * Providing practical examples and detailed theoretical calculations* Of special interest to Industrial Chemistry and Biochemistry
Author: Friedrich G. Helfferich
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080473180
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 508
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Book Description
This book addresses primarily the engineer in industrial process development, the research chemist in academia and industry, and the graduate student intending to become a reaction engineer. In industry, competitive pressures put a premium on scale-up by large factors to cut development time. To be safe, such development should be based on "fundamental" kinetics that reflect the elementary steps of which the reaction consists. The book forges fundamental kinetics into a practical tool by presenting new, effective methods for elucidation of mechanisms and reduction of complexity without unacceptable sacrifice in accuracy: fewer equations (lesser computational load), fewer coefficients (fewer experiment to determine them). For network elucidation, new rules relating network configurations to observable kinetic behaviour allow incorrect networks to be ruled out by whole classes instead of one by one. For modelling, general equations and algorithms are given from which equations for specific networks can be recovered by simple substitutions. The procedures are illustrated with examples of industrial reactions including, among others, paraffin oxidation, ethoxylation, hydroformylation, hydrocyanation, shape-selective catalysis, ethane pyrolysis, styrene polymerization, and ethene oligomerization. Many of the rate equations have not been published before. The expanded edition of the 2001 title, Kinetics of Homogeneous Multistep Reactions includes new chapters on heterogeneous catalysis and periodic and chaotic re-actions; new sections on adsorption, statistical methods, and lumping; and other new detail. - Contains new chapters on heterogeneous catalysis, oscillations and chaos - Includes new sections on statistical methods, lumping adsorption and software and databases - Provides a better understanding of complex reaction mechanisms
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards. Technical Information and Publications Division
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 1116
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Book Description
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Author: Anatoly Pravilov
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030655709
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Book Description
This book provides details of the basic frameworks and characteristics of processes occurring in electronically excited states of small molecules, complexes, and clusters. It discusses the perturbations in electronically excited valence states of molecules induced by intramolecular interaction and intermolecular interactions, which occur in collisions and optically populated, weakly bound complexes. Further, it describes the kinetics and mechanisms of photoprocesses in simple molecules and recombination accompanied by radiation. The book also offers information on general kinetics for gas-phase processes and basic theoretical frameworks for elementary processes. It features many useful problems, making it a valuable resource for students and researchers in molecular spectroscopy/molecular physics and chemical physics/physical chemistry.
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
Author: United States. National Bureau of Standards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 1120
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Book Description
