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Author: U. S. Department U.S. Department of the Interior
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781511741279
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
The U.S. Geological Survey estimated in 2013, "more than 100 million people in the United States, about 35 percent of the population-received their drinking water from public groundwater systems." The Safe Drinking Water Act, passed in 1974, sought to protect drinking water by establishing the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The UIC Program, as administered by the EPA, contains regulations for injection wells to prevent endangering drinking water sources.
Author: U. S. Department U.S. Department of the Interior
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781511741279
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
The U.S. Geological Survey estimated in 2013, "more than 100 million people in the United States, about 35 percent of the population-received their drinking water from public groundwater systems." The Safe Drinking Water Act, passed in 1974, sought to protect drinking water by establishing the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The UIC Program, as administered by the EPA, contains regulations for injection wells to prevent endangering drinking water sources.
Author: United States. Office of Drinking Water
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial groundwater recharge
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309253705
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Drinking Water
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Supply
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Groundwater
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Drinking water
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Author: Rhode Island. Department of Environmental Management
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Artificial groundwater recharge
Languages : en
Pages : 21
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Book Description
Author: Underground Injection Practices Council (U.S.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Oil well drilling
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: U. S. Environmental U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781508858256
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 46
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Book Description
This guidance provides technical recommendations for protecting underground sources of drinking water (USDWs) from potential endangerment posed by hydraulic fracturing (HF) activities where diesel fuels are used. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed this guidance for EPA permit writers to ensure protection of USDWs in accordance with the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) and Underground Injection Control (UIC) regulatory authority. This authority is limited to when diesel fuels are used in fluids or propping agents pursuant to oil, gas and geothermal activities. This document does not establish any new permitting requirements for HF activities using diesel fuels, but describes the EPA's interpretation of existing legal requirements as well as non-binding recommendations for EPA permit writers to consider in applying UIC Class II1 regulations to HF when diesel fuels are used in fracturing fluids or propping agents. This document does not address geothermal activities. The EPA expects that EPA UIC Program Directors, and the permit writers acting on their behalf, will follow the interpretation of the statutory term "diesel fuels" presented in this guidance document. They should also consider, although are not required to follow, the recommendations reflected in this guidance on how to apply the Class II regulations to HF activities using diesel fuels when issuing permits for such activities under the federal UIC Program. Recommendations are consistent with the discretion accorded under the existing UIC Class II regulations, and reflect existing UIC requirements for other well classes, voluntary industry standards, state rules, and other model guidelines for HF. However, permit writers, acting on behalf of the UIC Director have the discretion to consider alternative approaches that are consistent with statutory and regulatory requirements. Decisions about permitting HF operations that use diesel fuels will be made on a case-by-case basis, considering the facts and circumstances of the specific injection activity and applicable statutes, regulations and case law. Under the 2005 amendments to the SDWA, a UIC Class II permit must be obtained prior to conducting the underground injection of diesel fuels for hydraulic fracturing. The EPA, where it directly implements the program, as well as states and tribes with primary enforcement authority, must issue a Class II permit prior to the injection of diesel fuels in the HF fluid or propping agents. The primary audience for these technical recommendations is the EPA Regional offices directly implementing the existing UIC Class II Program requirements (40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) parts 124 and 144 through 147). Stakeholders and the public have recognized the importance of safely and responsibly managing unconventional oil and gas development, including hydraulic fracturing. Many states have updated their oil and gas regulations and a variety of organizations have developed model guidelines and best practices. The EPA engaged with states, tribes, industry, and other stakeholders during the development of this document and reviewed best practices available at the time. The EPA used information from these efforts to inform this guidance for the UIC program.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 382
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Book Description
