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Author: Rafael Vergara Sandoval
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788412865943
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Rafael Vergara Sandoval
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788412865943
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Allan R. Brewer Carias
Publisher: Ediciones Olejnik
ISBN: 9563921518
Category : Law
Languages : es
Pages : 491
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Book Description
"En este libro, el profesor Allan R. Brewer-Carías estudia el funciona-miento de la Justicia Constitucional en el mundo contemporáneo a través del análisis de catorce casos significativos que han sido decididos recientemente por sendos tribunales constitucionales en los Estados Unidos, el Reino Unido, Honduras, Venezuela, República Dominicana, Nicaragua, Paraguay, El Salvador, y Suráfrica, en los que se ha manifestado la particular relación que existe entre el Juez Constitucional y el Poder. La Justicia Constitucional, como pieza esencial del Estado democrático de derecho, es el instrumento por excelencia para asegurar la supremacía de la Constitución, garantizar los derechos fundamentales y controlar las violaciones a la Constitución que puedan cometer los órganos de los Poderes del Estado. Por tanto, esencialmente, la Justicia Constitucional tiene por objeto el control del Poder para asegurar en nombre del pueblo la vigencia de su Constitución. Es, por tanto, hasta cierto punto, el sustituto de la revolución, en el sentido de que, si no existiese un sistema de Justicia Constitucional en los Estados democráticos, ante un gobierno ilegítimo o que viole la Constitución el único camino que tendría el pueblo sería el derecho a la rebelión. Para que la Justicia Constitucional pueda, por tanto, enfrentarse al Poder y someterlo a la Constitución en nombre del pueblo, la condición más esencial es que tiene que estar a cargo de un órgano autónomo e independiente. Solo así puede controlar al Poder; de lo contrario, se torna en un órgano controlado por el Poder y, por tanto, en el más vil instrumento de éste para violar impunemente la Constitución. Los casos judiciales analizados en este libro muestran precisamente la oscilación que existe entre Jueces Constitucionales impartiendo justicia, controlando al Poder y, con toda autonomía e independencia, defendiendo la Constitución; y Jueces Constitucionales controlados por el Poder, sin autonomía alguna, despreciando la Constitución. En todos los casos analizados se resolvieron cuestiones constitucionales de variada naturaleza, pero de particular importancia en los respecticos países, que pusieron a prueba la independencia y autonomía de los Jueces Constitucionales, que en definitiva es el signo esencial para que realmente exista un Estado de derecho y un régimen democrático".
Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728
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Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author: Mark A. Graber
Publisher: CQ Press
ISBN:
Category : Biography & Autobiography
Languages : en
Pages : 440
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Book Description
Combines documents and analytical essays timed for the bicentennial in 2003. It explains the constitutional, political, philosophical background to judicial review, the historical record leading to this landmark case and the impact of the decision since 1803.
Author: United States. Federal Election Commission
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Voting-machines
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Author: Mark Tushnet
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400828155
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
Unlike many other countries, the United States has few constitutional guarantees of social welfare rights such as income, housing, or healthcare. In part this is because many Americans believe that the courts cannot possibly enforce such guarantees. However, recent innovations in constitutional design in other countries suggest that such rights can be judicially enforced--not by increasing the power of the courts but by decreasing it. In Weak Courts, Strong Rights, Mark Tushnet uses a comparative legal perspective to show how creating weaker forms of judicial review may actually allow for stronger social welfare rights under American constitutional law. Under "strong-form" judicial review, as in the United States, judicial interpretations of the constitution are binding on other branches of government. In contrast, "weak-form" review allows the legislature and executive to reject constitutional rulings by the judiciary--as long as they do so publicly. Tushnet describes how weak-form review works in Great Britain and Canada and discusses the extent to which legislatures can be expected to enforce constitutional norms on their own. With that background, he turns to social welfare rights, explaining the connection between the "state action" or "horizontal effect" doctrine and the enforcement of social welfare rights. Tushnet then draws together the analysis of weak-form review and that of social welfare rights, explaining how weak-form review could be used to enforce those rights. He demonstrates that there is a clear judicial path--not an insurmountable judicial hurdle--to better enforcement of constitutional social welfare rights.
Author: Guillermo Floris Margadant S.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 408
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Book Description
Author: Mark Tushnet
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 1400825555
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
In his 1996 State of the Union Address, President Bill Clinton announced that the "age of big government is over." Some Republicans accused him of cynically appropriating their themes, while many Democrats thought he was betraying the principles of the New Deal and the Great Society. Mark Tushnet argues that Clinton was stating an observed fact: the emergence of a new constitutional order in which the aspiration to achieve justice directly through law has been substantially chastened. Tushnet argues that the constitutional arrangements that prevailed in the United States from the 1930s to the 1990s have ended. We are now in a new constitutional order--one characterized by divided government, ideologically organized parties, and subdued constitutional ambition. Contrary to arguments that describe a threatened return to a pre-New Deal constitutional order, however, this book presents evidence that our current regime's animating principle is not the old belief that government cannot solve any problems but rather that government cannot solve any more problems. Tushnet examines the institutional arrangements that support the new constitutional order as well as Supreme Court decisions that reflect it. He also considers recent developments in constitutional scholarship, focusing on the idea of minimalism as appropriate to a regime with chastened ambitions. Tushnet discusses what we know so far about the impact of globalization on domestic constitutional law, particularly in the areas of international human rights and federalism. He concludes with predictions about the type of regulation we can expect from the new order. This is a major new analysis of the constitutional arrangements in the United States. Though it will not be received without controversy, it offers real explanatory and predictive power and provides important insights to both legal theorists and political scientists.
Author: Antônio Augusto Cançado Trindade
Publisher: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
ISBN: 9004255079
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 753
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Book Description
This volume is an updated and revised version of the General Course on Public International Law delivered by the Author at The Hague Academy of International Law in 2005. Professor Cançado Trindade, Doctor honoris causa of seven Latin American Universities in distinct countries, was for many years Judge of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and President of that Court for half a decade (1999-2004). He is currently Judge of the International Court of Justice; he is also Member of the Curatorium of The Hague Academy of International Law, as well as of the Institut de Droit International, and of the Brazilian Academy of Juridical Letters.
Author: Carlos Santiago Nino
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 9780300077278
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
In this important and wide-ranging book, a leading political theorist and activist considers the question: What justifies democracy? Carlos Santiago Nino critically examines answers others have given and then develops his own distinctive theory of democracy, emphasizing its deliberative character. In Nino's view, democracy resembles a moral conversation and is valued because of its capacity to generate an impartial perspective, one that takes into account the interests of all citizens. Nino's conception of deliberative democracy bears on the way power is organized under a constitution. Drawing on a variety of constitutional traditions, he criticizes the presidential system and calls for citizens to participate more directly in the political life of their country. He also envisions a revitalized role for political parties. Nino shows how deliberative democracy can be combined with, and supported by, other constitutional practices, such as the specific wording of the text and the protection of individual rights. The complex constitution that emerges from his analysis consists of a historical constitution, an ideal constitution of rights, and an ideal constitution of power. Nino's goal is to explain how these three dimensions of constitutionalism can reinforce rather than conflict with each other. In a final chapter, he argues that the deliberative conception of democracy requires a more limited role for judicial review than is usually contemplated.
