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Author: Julius Kuhl
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642697461
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 432
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Book Description
"It is not thought as such that can move anything, but thought which is for the sake of something and is practical." This discerning insight, which dates back more than 2000years to Aristotle, seems to have been ignored by most psycholo gists. For more than 40years theories of human action have assumed that cogni tion and action are merely two sides of the same coin. Approaches as different as S-O-R behaviorism,social learning theory, consistency theories,and expectancy value theories of motivation and decision making have one thing in common: they all assume that "thought (or any other type of cognition) can move any thing," that there is a direct path from cognition to behavior. In recent years, we have become more and more aware of the complexities in volved in the relationship between cognition and behavior. People do not always do what they intend to do. Aside from several nonpsychological factors capable of reducing cognition-behavior consistency, there seems to be a set of complex psychological mechanisms which intervene between action-related cognitions, such as beliefs, expectancies, values, and intentions,and the enactment of the be havior suggested by those cognitions. In our recent research we have focused on volitional mechanismus which presumably enhance cognition-behavior consistency by supporting the main tenance of activated intentions and prevent them from being pushed aside by competing action tendencies.
Author: Peter Smagorinsky
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9460916961
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 337
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Book Description
In this book Peter Smagorinsky reconsiders his many publications employing Vygotsky’s theory of culturally-mediated human development and applies them, through a unified and coherent series of chapters, to literacy research. This exploration takes previously-published work and incorporates it into a new and sustained argument regarding the application of Vygotsky’s ideas to current questions regarding the nature of literacy and how to investigate it as a cultural phenomenon that contributes to human growth in social context. To conduct this inquiry, Smagorinsky first provides an overview that contextualizes Vygotsky both in his own time and in efforts to extrapolate from his Soviet origins to the 21st Century world. This consideration includes attention to the current context for literacy studies. He then reviews current conceptions of literacy in the realms of reading, writing, and additional tool use, grounding each in a Vygotskian perspective. The book’s final chapters take a critical look at both research method and the writing of research reports, taking into account both research and research reports as social constructions based in disciplinary practices. On the whole, this volume makes an important contribution to Vygotskian studies and literacy research through the author’s careful alignment between theory and practice.
Author: Julius Kuhl
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642697461
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 432
Get Book Here
Book Description
"It is not thought as such that can move anything, but thought which is for the sake of something and is practical." This discerning insight, which dates back more than 2000years to Aristotle, seems to have been ignored by most psycholo gists. For more than 40years theories of human action have assumed that cogni tion and action are merely two sides of the same coin. Approaches as different as S-O-R behaviorism,social learning theory, consistency theories,and expectancy value theories of motivation and decision making have one thing in common: they all assume that "thought (or any other type of cognition) can move any thing," that there is a direct path from cognition to behavior. In recent years, we have become more and more aware of the complexities in volved in the relationship between cognition and behavior. People do not always do what they intend to do. Aside from several nonpsychological factors capable of reducing cognition-behavior consistency, there seems to be a set of complex psychological mechanisms which intervene between action-related cognitions, such as beliefs, expectancies, values, and intentions,and the enactment of the be havior suggested by those cognitions. In our recent research we have focused on volitional mechanismus which presumably enhance cognition-behavior consistency by supporting the main tenance of activated intentions and prevent them from being pushed aside by competing action tendencies.
Author: D.H. Stamatis
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1420000241
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
In all walks of life, at some point in time, we all use the process of problem solving. We all talk about it, we all use it, but chances are we all mean different things by it. Six Sigma and Beyond: Problem Solving and Basic Mathematics organizes the topic and provides a structured approach based on the scientific method. Specifically designed to a
Author: Stellan Ohlsson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139496751
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 541
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Book Description
Although the ability to retain, process, and project prior experience onto future situations is indispensable, the human mind also possesses the ability to override experience and adapt to changing circumstances. Cognitive scientist Stellan Ohlsson analyzes three types of deep, non-monotonic cognitive change: creative insight, adaptation of cognitive skills by learning from errors, and conversion from one belief to another, incompatible belief. For each topic, Ohlsson summarizes past research, re-formulates the relevant research questions, and proposes information-processing mechanisms that answer those questions. The three theories are based on the principles of redistribution of activation, specialization of practical knowledge, and re-subsumption of declarative information. Ohlsson develops the implications of those mechanisms by scaling their effects with respect to time, complexity, and social interaction. The book ends with a unified theory of non-monotonic cognitive change that captures the abstract properties that the three types of change share.
Author: Robert J. Sternberg
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080572995
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 482
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Book Description
Thinking and Problem-Solving presents a comprehensive and up-to-date review of literature on cognition, reasoning, intelligence, and other formative areas specific to this field. Written for advanced undergraduates, researchers, and academics, this volume is a necessary reference for beginning and established investigators in cognitive and educational psychology. Thinking and Problem-Solving provides insight into questions such as: how do people solve complex problems in mathematics and everyday life? How do we generate new ideas? How do we piece together clues to solve a mystery, categorize novel events, and teach others to do the same? - Provides a comprehensive literature review - Covers both historical and contemporary approaches - Organized for ease of use and reference - Chapters authored by leading scholars
Author: Helga A. H. Rowe
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1003827632
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 407
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Book Description
Originally published in 1985, Problem Solving and Intelligence was the result of the author’s efforts to understand the nature of human intelligence and the differences in the cognitive functioning of individuals which we observe again and again. The book contains two types of material. First it presents an overview of major contributions to the conceptualization and investigation of problem solving and intelligence, which was derived from the extensive, largely non-cumulative literature at the time. Second it reports a comprehensive, empirical study of the manifestation of intelligence in problem solving. The subject matter was at the interface of three traditional areas of psychological inquiry: namely, the study of cognitive processes, individual differences, and the characteristics of the stimulus. What was innovative is that intellectual performance is investigated in relation to the simultaneous operation of variables from these dimensions. The book was intended, primarily, as a contribution to the understanding and investigation of the nature of intelligent behavior, as well as an introduction to intelligence and problem solving. Today it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.
Author: Chengsong Yang
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031395743
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 233
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Book Description
This book addresses the validity of think-aloud protocols (TAPs) in L2 writing research through a mixed methods study and proposes effective approaches for their valid implementation. The book uncovers the reactive effects that TAPs have on L2 writing performance and processes, and examines how individual factors moderate this reactivity. It further presents and categorizes participants' perceptions regarding reactivity and veridicality. To enhance veridicality, the book identifies incomplete TAPs using retrospective verbal reports as a reference point. Recommendations for utilizing TAPs include considering participants' individual differences, recent experiences, and emotions. This book will be valuable to educators teaching methodology in second or foreign language education, applied linguistics, or writing research, and to L2 researchers or graduate students with a broad interest in research methods, process-based research, or writing studies, or planning to incorporate TAPs into their research.
Author: Alex Osborn
Publisher: Read Books Ltd
ISBN: 1447480724
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
The purpose of this book is to present the principles and procedures of creative thinking. Chapters included are, the all importance of imagination, indispensability of creativity in science. Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
Author: Robert S. Woodworth
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317661451
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 695
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Book Description
First published in 1922, this popular title by R. S Woodworth was revised several times. This twentieth edition from 1949 brought D.G. Marquis on board and was thoroughly revised again, originally published in its current form in 1963. One of the most famous and successful introductions to psychology ever published, this book was very popular in universities and training colleges at the time. Now available again after many years it can be read and enjoyed in its historical context.
Author: Angela K.-Y. Leung
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190455691
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 353
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Book Description
The Handbook of Culture and Creativity is a collaborative effort to provide readers with an in-depth and systematic inquiry into the cultural processes of creativity and innovation, as well as the creative processes of cultural transformation. As the editors acknowledge, creativity emerges from dialogical interaction with cultural imperatives, norms, and artifacts, but culture also evolves and transforms through a generative process fueled by creativity. In order to illuminate nuanced insights on the complex culture-creativity nexus, this volume is organized into four broad sections: reciprocal relationships, socio-cultural contexts, diversifying experiences and creativity, and policy and applied perspectives. Edited by Angela K.-Y. Leung, Letty Kwan, and Shyhnan Liou, this cogent volume features cutting-edge evidence and research, and lays the groundwork for pursuing a new science for integrating the study of culture and creativity.
