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Author: Andreas Dress
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662106191
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Book Description
The "raison d'etre" of hierarchical dustering theory stems from one basic phe nomenon: This is the notorious non-transitivity of similarity relations. In spite of the fact that very often two objects may be quite similar to a third without being that similar to each other, one still wants to dassify objects according to their similarity. This should be achieved by grouping them into a hierarchy of non-overlapping dusters such that any two objects in ~ne duster appear to be more related to each other than they are to objects outside this duster. In everyday life, as well as in essentially every field of scientific investigation, there is an urge to reduce complexity by recognizing and establishing reasonable das sification schemes. Unfortunately, this is counterbalanced by the experience of seemingly unavoidable deadlocks caused by the existence of sequences of objects, each comparatively similar to the next, but the last rather different from the first.
Author: Andreas Dress
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662106191
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 144
Get Book Here
Book Description
The "raison d'etre" of hierarchical dustering theory stems from one basic phe nomenon: This is the notorious non-transitivity of similarity relations. In spite of the fact that very often two objects may be quite similar to a third without being that similar to each other, one still wants to dassify objects according to their similarity. This should be achieved by grouping them into a hierarchy of non-overlapping dusters such that any two objects in ~ne duster appear to be more related to each other than they are to objects outside this duster. In everyday life, as well as in essentially every field of scientific investigation, there is an urge to reduce complexity by recognizing and establishing reasonable das sification schemes. Unfortunately, this is counterbalanced by the experience of seemingly unavoidable deadlocks caused by the existence of sequences of objects, each comparatively similar to the next, but the last rather different from the first.
Author: Joe Celko
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0123877563
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
The demand for SQL information and training continues to grow with the need for a database behind every website capable of offering web-based information queries. SQL is the de facto standard for database retrieval, and if you need to access, update, or utilize data in a modern database management system, you will need SQL to do it. The Second Edition of Joe Celko's Trees and Hierarchies in SQL for Smarties covers two new sets of extensions over three entirely new chapters and expounds upon the changes that have occurred in SQL standards since the previous edition's publication. Benefit from mastering the challenging aspects of these database applications in SQL as taught by Joe Celko, one of the most-read SQL authors in the world. Expert advice from a noted SQL authority and award-winning columnist who has given 10 years of service to the ANSI SQL standards committee Teaches scores of advanced techniques that can be used with any product, in any SQL environment Offers graph theory and programming techniques for working around deficiencies and gives insight into real-world challenges
Author: Joe Celko
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080491693
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Joe Celko's Trees and Hierarchies in SQL is an intermediate to advanced-level practitioner’s guide to mastering the two most challenging aspects of developing database applications in SQL. In this book, Celko illustrates several major approaches to representing trees and hierarchies and related topics that should be of interest to the working database programmer. These topics include hierarchical encoding schemes, graphs, IMS, binary trees, and more. This book covers SQL-92 and SQL:1999. · Includes graph theory and programming techniques. · Running examples throughout the book help illustrate and tie concepts together. · Loads of code, available for download from www.mkp.com.
Author: Ales Spetic
Publisher: "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
ISBN: 0596552033
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
This unique cookbook contains a wealth of solutions to problems that SQL programmers face all the time. The recipes inside range from how to perform simple tasks, like importing external data, to ways of handling issues that are more complicated, like set algebra. Authors Ales Spetic and Jonathan Gennick, two authorities with extensive database and SQL programming experience, include a discussion with each recipe to explain the logic and concepts underlying the solution.SQL (Structured Query Language) is the closest thing to a standard query language that currently exists, and Transact-SQL -- a full-featured programming language that dramatically extends the power of SQL -- is the procedural language of choice for both Microsoft SQL Server and Sybase SQL Server systems. The Transact-SQL Cookbook is designed so you can use the recipes directly, as a source of ideas, or as a way to learn a little more about SQL and what you can do with it. Topics covered include: Audit logging. In addition to recipes for implementing an audit log, this chapter also includes recipes for: improving performance where large log tables are involved; supporting multiple-languages; and simulating server push. Hierarchies. Recipes show you how to manipulate hierarchical data using Transact-SQL. Importing data. This chapter introduces concepts like normalization and recipes useful for working with imported data tables. Sets. Recipes demonstrate different operations, such as how to find common elements, summarize the data in a set, and find the element in a set that represents an extreme. Statistics. This chapter?s recipes show you how to effectively use SQL for common statistical operations from means and standard deviations to weighted moving averages. Temporal data. Recipes demonstrate how to construct queries against time-based data. Data Structures. This chapter shows how to manipulate data structures like stacks, queues, matrices, and arrays. With an abundance of recipes to help you get your job done more efficiently, the Transact-SQL Cookbook is sure to become an essential part of your library.
Author: Shripad Tuljapurkar
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780387524825
Category : Cluster analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 154
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Book Description
Author: Thomas W. S. Plum
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Structured programming
Languages : en
Pages : 3
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Book Description
Author: Guangchuang Yu
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781032245546
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Data Integration, Manipulation and Visualization of Phylogenetic Trees introduces and demonstrates data integration, manipulation and visualization of phylogenetic trees using a suite of R packages, tidytree, treeio, ggtree and ggtreeExtra. Using the most comprehensive packages for phylogenetic data integration and visualization, contains numerous examples that can be used for teaching and learning. Ideal for undergraduate readers and researchers with a working knowledge of R and ggplot2. Key Features: Manipulating phylogenetic tree with associated data using tidy verbs Integrating phylogenetic data from diverse sources Visualizing phylogenetic data using grammar of graphics
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The state space is a very important and fundamental concept for the treatment of complex systems. All the system's properties can be understood by means of its structure. Due to the gigantic extent of a real system's state space, a coarse grained approach is inevitable for the analysis. In this work, based on the well established model of hierarchical trees, particular aspects of complex systems have been studied, while at the same time several extensions to the model have been made. In the first part of this research work the features of the probability flow are treated in detail at a single saddle point in the energy landscape. Influences of various parameters like energetic depth, density of states and connectivity are studied isolated and in their interaction. In the second part a whole system showing complex behavior is being considered, especially its energy exchange with the surroundings. It can be demonstrated that the hierarchical relaxation behavior observed in other realizations of complex systems is intrinsically covered by the tree model. Beside energy landscape based systems turbulent diffusion processes possess hierarchical structures, too. In the third part the tree structure has been used to model a turbulent superdiffusion process. The diffusion behavior observed there has been compared with four well known diffusion equation approaches. The results show that only one of the discussed continuum diffusion equations can model the turbulent transport based on the tree model in acceptable fashion.
Author: Chaomei Chen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1846285798
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 327
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Book Description
Information visualization is not only about creating graphical displays of complex and latent information structures. It also contributes to a broader range of cognitive, social, and collaborative activities. This is the first book to examine information visualization from this perspective. This 2nd edition continues the unique and ambitious quest for setting information visualization and virtual environments in a unifying framework. It pays special attention to the advances made over the last 5 years and potentially fruitful directions to pursue. It is particularly updated to meet the need for practitioners. The book is a valuable source for researchers and graduate students.
Author: Fouad Sabry
Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
"Hierarchy," part of Fouad Sabry's Political Science series, examines how power and authority shape political systems and societal organization. This book explores hierarchical structures and their impact on governance and individual freedoms. Chapters Highlights: 1: Hierarchy - Introduction to the concept of hierarchy and its effect on political systems. 2: Set Theory - Mathematical foundations for analyzing hierarchical relationships. 3: Tree (Data Structure) - Overview of the tree data structure for organizing hierarchical information. 4: Tree Structure - Detailed examination of tree structures in various fields. 5: Data Model - Hierarchical data models and their role in information organization. 6: Organization - The impact of hierarchical organization on political institutions and administrative processes. 7: First Normal Form - Relevance of First Normal Form in efficiently organizing hierarchical data. 8: Has-a - Understanding the "has-a" relationship in hierarchical data models. 9: Metalanguage - Using metalanguage to describe and analyze hierarchical structures. 10: Information Model - Information models representing hierarchical structures in political science. 11: Class Diagram - Visualizing hierarchical relationships with class diagrams. 12: IDEF1X - The IDEF1X methodology for modeling hierarchical data. 13: Classification Scheme (Information Science) - Structuring hierarchical information through classification schemes. 14: Hierarchy (Disambiguation) - Clarifying misconceptions and varied meanings of hierarchy. 15: Hierarchy (Mathematics) - Mathematical perspectives on hierarchy. 16: Formal Ontology - Applying formal ontology to define and analyze hierarchical structures. 17: Database Model - Practical applications of hierarchical database models. 18: Nested Set Collection - Representing hierarchical data with nested set collections. 19: Nested Set Model - Implications of the nested set model for hierarchical organization. 20: Living Systems - Hierarchical structures in living systems and their parallels to political and social hierarchies. 21: Taxonomy - Hierarchical classification systems and their role in organizing knowledge. "Hierarchy" provides valuable insights into how hierarchical structures influence political dynamics and societal organization, making it a key resource for anyone interested in political science.
