Traffic Behavior at Freeway Bottlenecks PDF Download
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Author: Benjamin André Coifman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Traffic flow
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
Author: Benjamin André Coifman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Traffic flow
Languages : en
Pages : 47
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Book Description
Author: Joon ho Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Author: Patrick John Athol
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Express highways
Languages : en
Pages : 378
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Book Description
Author: Yi Hou (Civil engineer)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
This dissertation applies artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to enhance the models of travel demand and traffic behavior at bottlenecks including natural lane reduction and work zone closure. AI models for accurately forecasting travel demand at work zone bottlenecks in urban areas were developed. Driving behavior models of lane changing at natural lane drops at freeway interchanges were proposed. Real-world datasets were used to develop and test the AI models. The lane-changing models took into account factors such as gap acceptance in the target lane, vehicle speeds in the target lane, and distance to the end of the merge lane. Bayes classifier, classification tree, genetic fuzzy system, random forest, and AdaBoost were used to model the impact of these factors on driver lane-changing behavior. The models were built using traffic data collected by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) on a segment of southbound US Highway 101 in Los Angeles, California. To assess the quality of the models, they were tested on traffic data on Interstate 80 in San Francisco, California. The empirical results demonstrated superior performance of AI models over the conventional binary logit model. Random forest and AdaBoost yielded the highest prediction accuracies of 88.3% and 88.9%. The results also demonstrate that ensemble learning methods, such as random forest and Adaboost, produced even higher prediction accuracy than single classifiers. Traffic forecast models are classified into two types based on the forecast horizon: daily, and short-term. None of numerous existing traffic flow forecasting models focus on work zone bottlenecks. Work zone bottlenecks create conditions that are different from both normal operating conditions and incident conditions. Four models were developed for forecasting traffic flow for planned work zone events. Both daily and short-term traffic flow forecasting applications were investigated. Daily forecast involves forecasting 24 hours in advance using historical traffic data, and short-term forecasts involves forecasting 1 hour, 45 minutes, 30 minutes, and 15 minutes in advance using real-time temporal and spatial traffic data. Models were evaluated using data from work zone events on two types of roadways - a freeway, I-270, and a signalized arterial, MO-141, in St. Louis, Missouri. The results showed that the random forest model yielded the most accurate daily and short-term work zone traffic flow forecasts. For freeway data, the most influential variables were the latest interval’s look-back traffic flows at the upstream, downstream and current locations. For arterial data, the most influential variables were the traffic flows from the three look-back intervals at the current location only.
Author: Michael James Cassidy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Express highways
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Author: Boris S. Kerner
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540409866
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 688
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Book Description
The core of ths book presents a theory developed by the author to combine the recent insight into empirical data with mathematical models in freeway traffic research based on dynamical non-linear processes.
Author: Boris S. Kerner
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662544733
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 673
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Book Description
This book offers a detailed investigation of breakdowns in traffic and transportation networks. It shows empirically that transitions from free flow to so-called synchronized flow, initiated by local disturbances at network bottlenecks, display a nucleation-type behavior: while small disturbances in free flow decay, larger ones grow further and lead to breakdowns at the bottlenecks. Further, it discusses in detail the significance of this nucleation effect for traffic and transportation theories, and the consequences this has for future automatic driving, traffic control, dynamic traffic assignment, and optimization in traffic and transportation networks. Starting from a large volume of field traffic data collected from various sources obtained solely through measurements in real world traffic, the author develops his insights, with an emphasis less on reviewing existing methodologies, models and theories, and more on providing a detailed analysis of empirical traffic data and drawing consequences regarding the minimum requirements for any traffic and transportation theories to be valid. The book - proves the empirical nucleation nature of traffic breakdown in networks - discusses the origin of the failure of classical traffic and transportation theories - shows that the three-phase theory is incommensurable with the classical traffic theories, and - explains why current state-of-the art dynamic traffic assignments tend to provoke heavy traffic congestion, making it a valuable reference resource for a wide audience of scientists and postgraduate students interested in the fundamental understanding of empirical traffic phenomena and related data-driven phenomenology, as well as for practitioners working in the fields of traffic and transportation engineering.
Author: Youngjun Han
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 109
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Book Description
This thesis develops a novel breakdown probability model based on microscopic driver behavior for a freeway merge bottleneck. Extending Newell's car following model, two elements of breakdown, trigger and propagation, are derived in terms of vehicle headway. A general breakdown probability is derived in terms of various parameters related to driver behavior and traffic conditions that can be treated as constants or stochastic with probability distributions. The proposed model is validated with real data. It was found the theoretical breakdown probability distribution accords well with the empirical counterpart within reasonable ranges of parameter values. Developed model suggests the breakdown probability (i) increases with flow and the merging spacing, (ii) decreases with the merging speed and aggressive driver characteristics, and interestingly, (iii) increases with the deviation in headway. To achieve the optimum traffic state, the headway adjustment area is suggested as a proactive control with a combination of connected automated vehicle (CAV) and VMS. In this area, random headways evolve to more uniform headways without inducing controlled congestion propagating upstream. Reactive VSL control is also developed in this thesis. The CAV technology is applied to develop VSL strategies to improve bottleneck discharge rates and reduce system delays. Three reactive VSL control strategies are developed to enhance traffic stability using: (i) a single CAV (per lane) for control, (ii) a single CAV (per lane) coupled with VMS, and (iii) multiple CAVs. Adaptive schemes to complement the above three strategies are further developed. These VSL strategies using the CAV technology offer significant benefits over conventional control as: (i) they deliver more efficient control by creating a void, which is less restrictive and simpler; (ii) they could be more cost-effective; and (iii) CAVs can serve two key functions simultaneously, traffic monitoring and control action. This thesis formulates probabilistic control failure based on the stochastic traffic instability. This framework is developed based on the probability of instability by individual vehicles in different traffic states to obtain temporal evolution of probability of traffic instability and ensuing control failure. An optimal control speed is determined to maximize the expected delay saving incorporates probabilistic control failures over time.
Author: Tom Vanderbilt
Publisher: Vintage Canada
ISBN: 0307373177
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 418
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Book Description
Driving is a fact of life. We are all spending more and more time on the road, and traffic is an issue we face everyday. This book will make you think about it in a whole new light. We have always had a passion for cars and driving. Now Traffic offers us an exceptionally rich understanding of that passion. Vanderbilt explains why traffic jams form, outlines the unintended consequences of our attempts to engineer safety and even identifies the most common mistakes drivers make in parking lots. Based on exhaustive research and interviews with driving experts and traffic officials around the globe, Traffic gets under the hood of the quotidian activity of driving to uncover the surprisingly complex web of physical, psychological and technical factors that explain how traffic works.
Author: Antonella Ferrara
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319759612
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
This monograph provides an extended overview of modelling and control approaches for freeway traffic systems, moving from the early methods to the most recent scientific results and field implementations. The concepts of green traffic systems and smart mobility are addressed in the book, since a modern freeway traffic management system should be designed to be sustainable. Future perspectives on freeway traffic control are also analysed and discussed with reference to the most recent technological advancements The most widespread modelling and control techniques for freeway traffic systems are treated with mathematical rigour, but also discussed with reference to their performance assessment and to the expected impact of their practical usage in real traffic systems. In order to make the book accessible to readers of different backgrounds, some fundamental aspects of traffic theory as well as some basic control concepts, useful for better understanding the addressed topics, are provided in the book. This monograph can be used as a textbook for courses on transport engineering, traffic management and control. It is also addressed to experts working in traffic monitoring and control areas and to researchers, technicians and practitioners of both transportation and control engineering. The authors’ systematic vision of traffic modelling and control methods developed over decades makes the book a valuable survey resource for freeway traffic managers, freeway stakeholders and transportation public authorities with professional interests in freeway traffic systems. Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.
