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Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
The third and final volume in a series of reports stemming from a multi-national study on breast-feeding (see also Contemporary Patterns of Breast-feeding and The Quantity and Quality of Breast Milk). Responding to inconsistencies in the published data on concentrations of trace elements in breast milk, the study analyzes milk samples collected from women in Guatemala, Hungary, Nigeria, the Philippines, Sweden and Zaire in an effort to obtain reliable data on the quantities of minor and trace elements present in breast milk. The study was also designed to determine whether the concentrations of these elements varied significantly with the socioeconomic group, geographical origin, or nutritional status of the mothers. The book opens with a brief explanation of the biochemical functions of trace elements and the association of deficiencies with various disorders of growth and development. The second chapter explains the careful design of the study, which used standardized procedures for the collection of samples, a single reference analytical laboratory for each element, and appropriate analytical reference materials. Results are then presented for total dry matter and for antimony, arsenic, cadmium, calcium, chlorine, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, iodine, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. For each element, information is given on any observed differences between study areas, variations in samples between urban and rural areas, and variations in concentrations according to time of year. A discussion of findings compares results of the study with data from the literature, assesses sources of variation in the elemental composition of human milk, and compares the observed daily intake of minor and trace elements with recommended intake. The book concludes that when minor and trace elements are determined under similar conditions in the breast milk of groups of mothers living in different parts of the world, environmental conditions play a major role in determining concentrations. Findings from the study should also prove useful in the formulation of recommendations regarding levels of trace elements in the diet of infants.
Author: World Health Organization
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
The third and final volume in a series of reports stemming from a multi-national study on breast-feeding (see also Contemporary Patterns of Breast-feeding and The Quantity and Quality of Breast Milk). Responding to inconsistencies in the published data on concentrations of trace elements in breast milk, the study analyzes milk samples collected from women in Guatemala, Hungary, Nigeria, the Philippines, Sweden and Zaire in an effort to obtain reliable data on the quantities of minor and trace elements present in breast milk. The study was also designed to determine whether the concentrations of these elements varied significantly with the socioeconomic group, geographical origin, or nutritional status of the mothers. The book opens with a brief explanation of the biochemical functions of trace elements and the association of deficiencies with various disorders of growth and development. The second chapter explains the careful design of the study, which used standardized procedures for the collection of samples, a single reference analytical laboratory for each element, and appropriate analytical reference materials. Results are then presented for total dry matter and for antimony, arsenic, cadmium, calcium, chlorine, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, iodine, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, sodium, tin, vanadium, and zinc. For each element, information is given on any observed differences between study areas, variations in samples between urban and rural areas, and variations in concentrations according to time of year. A discussion of findings compares results of the study with data from the literature, assesses sources of variation in the elemental composition of human milk, and compares the observed daily intake of minor and trace elements with recommended intake. The book concludes that when minor and trace elements are determined under similar conditions in the breast milk of groups of mothers living in different parts of the world, environmental conditions play a major role in determining concentrations. Findings from the study should also prove useful in the formulation of recommendations regarding levels of trace elements in the diet of infants.
Author: Manuel de Rezende
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Human breast milk is considered to be the perfect food for infants, specifically adapted to their needs. Before birth, the mother transfers all the nutrients and bioactive components to the fetus through the placenta. After birth, these substances have to be transferred through colostrum and milk. In particular, human breast milk is supposed to provide all the essential trace elements that are required by the normal term newborn infant. Therefore, the composition of human breast milk and its changes during lactation is a topic of major importance and has been the subject for intensive research. Conversely, human milk can also be a transfer medium of undesirable (toxic) elements from the mother to the infant. An extensive review of the most recent literature was carried out focusing on the current trace elements levels and their changes during lactation. For several elements, there is a consistent knowledge of their characteristic concentrations throughout the various stages of lactation, their dependence on maternal nutritional status, inter-individual and geographical variability, metabolic pathways, inter-elemental relationships, and effects on child development. For many other elements, this knowledge does not exist or is quite limited.
Author: Ruth May Feeley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Author: A. Astrup-Jensen
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0444819819
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 723
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Book Description
Cover -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1. Is breast best? Milk and formula feeds -- Chapter 2. Effects of drugs on milk secretion and composition -- Chapter 3. Determinants of drug transfer into human milk -- Chapter 4. Determinants of drug disposition in infants -- Chapter 5. Use of the monographs on drugs -- Chapter 6. Monographs on individual drugs -- Chapter 7. Vitamins, minerals and essential trace elements -- Chapter 8. Radiopharmaceuticals -- Chapter 9. Environmental and occupational chemicals -- Index -- Last Page.
Author: M. Hamosh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146157207X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 640
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Book Description
The International Workshop on human lactation dedicated specifically to the topic of Maternal and Environmental Effects on Lactation repre sents the recent progress of research in human lactation. Only four years ago it was clear that we do not yet have sensitive research techniques specifically adapted to the study of human milk. This need was addressed by an NIH convened workshop in 1982, the concensus being that appropriate methods have to be developed for the study of the composition of human milk. The progress in the development of these techniques was the subject of the second workshop on human lactation, dedicated specifically to "Milk Components and Methodologies. " The workshop was held in Colorado in 1984 and resulted in the publication of the first volume in the series of "Human Lactation. " At the Colorado meeting it was readily apparent that considerable progress has been made in the development of sensitive techniques able to quantitate the bioactive components of human milk (enzymes, growth factors, immuno-protective agents) as well as the macro, micro and trace elements. At the Colorado workshop it became clear that these workshops greatly benefit the research of human lactation by enhancing communication and collaboration among the investigators in the field. As a result it was decided to have a future workshop about a year later on the topic of "Maternal-Environmental Effects on Human Lacta tion", and I was charged with chairing it.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309039940
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 765
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Book Description
Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Author: E Underwood
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323162185
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition, Fourth Edition, explores the physiological roles of trace elements in human and animal nutrition. It looks at the needs, tolerances, and interactions of trace elements with each other and with other nutrients and compounds, and it explores how deficient, toxic, or imbalanced intakes of such elements lead to biochemical and pathological changes. It also describes ways of diagnosing and addressing such aberrant intakes of trace elements, along with their principal sources. Organized into 20 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the nature of trace elements and their mode of action, including iron, copper, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, manganese, zinc, cadmium, chromium, iodine, selenium, fluorine, mercury, vanadium, silicon, lead, and arsenic. It then discusses the presence of these elements in animal tissues and fluids, along with their metabolism, functions, and toxicity. It also considers other elements, such as aluminum, antimony, barium, boron, bromine, germanium, lithium, rubidium, silver, strontium, tin, titanium, and zirconium. The book concludes with an analysis of the interrelationships among soil, plants, and animals. This book should be a valuable resource for students and chemists.
Author: Linda Ann Vaughan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Breast milk
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Author: Lucille S. Hurley
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461307236
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 686
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Book Description
This book is the published proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals. The Symposium was held at the Asilomar Conference Center in Pacific Grove, California, U.S.A. from May 31 through June 5, 1987. The decision to hold TEMA-6 at Asilomar was made at TEMA-5 in 1985. The International Guidance Committee decided to hold the meeting in California in part to recognize the significant cont~i butions made to the field of trace element metabolism by Professor Lucille S. Hurley. As such, she was the obvious choice as chair of the local organ izing committee. One of the principal goals of Professor Hurley was that TEMA-6 serve as a forum for discussing the use and application of newer methodologies, such as molecular biology, computer modelling and stable isotopes, in studies of trace element metabolism. Based on the comments which the local organizing committee has received, this goal was achieved. The Symposium was attended by 275 scientists from 32 countries covering 6 continents. Twenty-five speakers were chosen for our plenary sessions.
Author: Walter Mertz
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080924689
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 493
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Book Description
The major change in the format of the fifth edition is the presentation of the book in two volumes, necessitated by the rapidly increasing knowledge of metabolism, interactions, and requirements of trace elements. The guiding principle was to present the minimum of results that would serve as a logical foundation for the description of the present state of knowledge.
