Toxicologic Assessment of the Army's Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests PDF Download
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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309174783
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
During the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Army conducted atmospheric dispersion tests in many American cities using fluorescent particles of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) to develop and verify meteorological models to estimate the dispersal of aerosols. Upon learning of the tests, many citizens and some public health officials in the affected cities raised concerns about the health consequences of the tests. This book assesses the public health effects of the Army's tests, including the toxicity of ZnCdS, the toxicity of surrogate cadmium compounds, the environmental fate of ZnCdS, the extent of public exposures from the dispersion tests, and the risks of such exposures.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309174783
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 386
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Book Description
During the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Army conducted atmospheric dispersion tests in many American cities using fluorescent particles of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) to develop and verify meteorological models to estimate the dispersal of aerosols. Upon learning of the tests, many citizens and some public health officials in the affected cities raised concerns about the health consequences of the tests. This book assesses the public health effects of the Army's tests, including the toxicity of ZnCdS, the toxicity of surrogate cadmium compounds, the environmental fate of ZnCdS, the extent of public exposures from the dispersion tests, and the risks of such exposures.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030905799X
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
This report begins by providing an overview of demographic modeling, including the strengths and weaknesses of this technique. Then the elements of the model are developed (e.g., workforce inflows and outflows are defined) and the data set used for estimation of the model--the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)--is described. Next, the calculation of transition rates for various life changes (e.g., retirement, changing profession) is described. At this point, the model is used to make retroactive projections that are tested against real data from the SDR. Finally, the panel presents recommendations for further work that is needed to develop the model so that it can be used to project the needs for biomedical and behavioral scientists. The report evaluates whether exposure to zinc cadmium sulfide caused adverse health effects in exposed people. This summary report was prepared to give information to concerned citizens about zinc cadmium sulfide, especially about the human health effects that might result from exposure to it. It supplements the technical document and provides answers to commonly asked questions.
Author: Subcommittee on Zinc Cadmium Sulfide
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309590558
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 387
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Book Description
During the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Army conducted atmospheric dispersion tests in many American cities using fluorescent particles of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) to develop and verify meteorological models to estimate the dispersal of aerosols. Upon learning of the tests, many citizens and some public health officials in the affected cities raised concerns about the health consequences of the tests. This book assesses the public health effects of the Army's tests, including the toxicity of ZnCdS, the toxicity of surrogate cadmium compounds, the environmental fate of ZnCdS, the extent of public exposures from the dispersion tests, and the risks of such exposures.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Personnel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
Author: Nicholson Baker
Publisher: Penguin
ISBN: 0735215766
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 465
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Book Description
“Staggeringly good.” —Counterpunch A major new work, a hybrid of history, journalism, and memoir, about the modern Freedom of Information Act—FOIA—and the horrifying, decades-old government misdeeds that it is unable to demystify, from one of America's most celebrated writers Eight years ago, while investigating the possibility that the United States had used biological weapons in the Korean War, Nicholson Baker requested a series of Air Force documents from the early 1950s under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act. Years went by, and he got no response. Rather than wait forever, Baker set out to keep a personal journal of what it feels like to try to write about major historical events in a world of pervasive redactions, witheld records, and glacially slow governmental responses. The result is one of the most original and daring works of nonfiction in recent memory, a singular and mesmerizing narrative that tunnels into the history of some of the darkest and most shameful plans and projects of the CIA, the Air Force, and the presidencies of Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower. In his lucid and unassuming style, Baker assembles what he learns, piece by piece, about Project Baseless, a crash Pentagon program begun in the early fifties that aimed to achieve "an Air Force-wide combat capability in biological and chemical warfare at the earliest possible date." Along the way, he unearths stories of balloons carrying crop disease, leaflet bombs filled with feathers, suicidal scientists, leaky centrifuges, paranoid political-warfare tacticians, insane experiments on animals and humans, weaponized ticks, ferocious propaganda battles with China, and cover and deception plans meant to trick the Kremlin into ramping up its germ-warfare program. At the same time, Baker tells the stories of the heroic journalists and lawyers who have devoted their energies to wresting documentary evidence from government repositories, and he shares anecdotes from his daily life in Maine feeding his dogs and watching the morning light gather on the horizon. The result is an astonishing and utterly disarming story about waiting, bureaucracy, the horrors of war, and, above all, the cruel secrets that the United States government seems determined to keep forever from its citizens.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309184290
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
A variety of smokes and obscurants have been developed and used to screen armed forces from view, signal friendly forces, and mark positions. Smokes are produced by burning or vaporizing particular products. Obscurants are anthropogenic or naturally occurring particles suspended in the air. They block or weaken transmission of particular parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible and infrared radiation or microwaves. Fog, mist, and dust are examples of natural obscurants. White phosphorus and hexachloroethane smokes are examples of anthropogenic obscurants. The U.S. Army seeks to reduce the likelihood that exposure to smokes and obscurants during training would have adverse health effects on military personnel or civilians. To protect the health of exposed individuals, the Office of the Army Surgeon General requested that the National Research Council (NRC) independently review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommend exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the general public residing or working near military-training facilities.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309183863
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
As part of the effort to phase out the use of stratospheric ozone-depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the U.S. Navy is considering hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as replacements for the CFC refrigerants used aboard its submarines. Before using the HFCs, the Navy plans to set emergency exposure guidance levels (EEGLs) and continuous exposure guidance levels (CEGLs) to protect submariners from health effects that could occur as a result of accidental releases or slow leaks. In this report, the Subcommittee on Exposure Guidance Levels for Selected Hydrofluorocarbons of the National Research Council's (NRC 's) Committee on Toxicology independently reviews the scientific validity of the Navy's proposed 1-hr and 24-hr EEGLs and 90-day CEGLs for two of the candidate refrigerants-HFC-236fa and HFC-404a. In addition, the subcommittee reviews the the EEGLs and CEGL for HFC-23, one of the combustion products of HFC-236fa. This NRC report is intended to aid the Navy in using HFCs safely.
Author: Campion Quinn
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9811291837
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
In the Name of Progress: The Dark Side of Medical Research is a comprehensive exploration of the dark side of medical progress, examining a series of unethical medical experiments conducted over the past century.This book delves into notorious cases like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, the Guatemala Syphilis Experiment, and the Holmesburg Prison experiments, among others, to shed light on the ethical violations and exploitation that occurred under the guise of scientific advancement. Each chapter methodically uncovers the disturbing details of these studies, analyzing the impact on the victims and the long-term effects on public trust and medical ethics.By providing a critical examination of the ethical breaches in historical medical research, this book emphasizes the importance of informed consent, the protection of vulnerable populations, and the need for stringent ethical standards in medical studies. It aims to educate and provoke thoughtful discussion on the balance between scientific discovery and ethical conduct, highlighting the necessity of safeguarding human rights in medical research and the importance of maintaining ethical integrity in the pursuit of scientific knowledge.
Author: John Greenewald, Jr.
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 1538134071
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 229
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Book Description
What happens when the history books are wrong? The United States Government wants you to not question the narrative that, in some cases, has been written by them for more than a century. But sometimes, real facts emerge from declassified documents that challenge what you thought you knew. This book dissects some of the most amazing declassified documents that have changed the history of the world and our perception of it. With each turn of the page, Secrets from The Black Vault reveals declassified programs and formerly top secret illustrations that detail an Air Force’s secret plan to build a Mach 4 flying saucer; the Department of Defense’s plan to detonate a nuclear bomb on the surface of the moon; the use of psychic spies within the CIA; how an unidentified object almost sparked World War III; and much more. Declassified documents within The Black Vault play a crucial role in understanding the inner workings of America’s top secret agendas.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309065984
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
