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Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
The field of synchrotron radiation research has grown rapidly over the last 25 years due to both the push of the accelerator and magnet technology that produces the x-ray beams and the pull of the extraordinary scientific research that is possible with them. Three successive generations of synchrotrons radiation facilities have resulted in beam brilliances 11 to 12 orders of magnitude greater than the standard laboratory x-ray tube. However, greater advances can be easily imagined given the fact that x-ray beams from present-day facilities do not exhibit the coherence or time structure so familiar with the optical laser. Theoretical work over the last ten years or so has pointed to the possibility of generating hard x-ray beams with laser-like characteristics. The concept is based on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in flee-electron lasers. A major facility of this type based upon a superconducting linac could produce a cost-effective facility that spans wave-lengths from the ultraviolet to the hard x-ray regime, simultaneously servicing large numbers experimenters from a wide range of disciplines. As with each past generation of synchrotrons facilities, immense new scientific opportunities would result from fourth-generation sources.
Author:
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Book Description
The field of synchrotron radiation research has grown rapidly over the last 25 years due to both the push of the accelerator and magnet technology that produces the x-ray beams and the pull of the extraordinary scientific research that is possible with them. Three successive generations of synchrotrons radiation facilities have resulted in beam brilliances 11 to 12 orders of magnitude greater than the standard laboratory x-ray tube. However, greater advances can be easily imagined given the fact that x-ray beams from present-day facilities do not exhibit the coherence or time structure so familiar with the optical laser. Theoretical work over the last ten years or so has pointed to the possibility of generating hard x-ray beams with laser-like characteristics. The concept is based on self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) in flee-electron lasers. A major facility of this type based upon a superconducting linac could produce a cost-effective facility that spans wave-lengths from the ultraviolet to the hard x-ray regime, simultaneously servicing large numbers experimenters from a wide range of disciplines. As with each past generation of synchrotrons facilities, immense new scientific opportunities would result from fourth-generation sources.
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 10
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Book Description
Historically, x-ray research has been propelled by the existence of urgent and compelling scientific questions and the push of powerful and exquisite source technology. These two factors have gone hand in hand since Rontgen discovered x-rays. Here we review the progress being made with existing third-generation synchrotron-radiation light sources and the prospects for a fourth-generation light source with dramatically improved laser-like beam characteristics. The central technology for high-brilliance x-ray beams is the x-ray undulator, a series of alternating-pole magnets situated above and below the particle beam. When the particle beam is oscillated by the alternating magnetic fields, a set of. interacting and interfering wave fronts is produced, which leads to an x-ray beam with extraordinary properties. Third-generation sources of light in the hard x-ray range have been constructed at three principal facilities: the European Synchrotrons Radiation Facility (ESRF) in France; the Super Photon Ring 8-GeV (or Spring-8) in Japan; and the Advanced Photon Source (APS) in the US. Undulator technology is also used on a number of low-energy machines for radiation in the ultraviolet and soft x-ray regimes. At the APS, these devices exceed all of our original expectations for beam brilliance, tunability, spectral range, and operational flexibility. Shown in Fig. 1 are the tuning curves of the first few harmonics, showing x-ray production from a few kV to better than 40 keV. High-brilliance radiation extends to over 100 keV.
Author: Eric Beaurepaire
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319030329
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 356
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Book Description
Advances in the synthesis of new materials with often complex, nano-scaled structures require increasingly sophisticated experimental techniques that can probe the electronic states, the atomic magnetic moments and the magnetic microstructures responsible for the properties of these materials. At the same time, progress in synchrotron radiation techniques has ensured that these light sources remain a key tool of investigation, e.g. synchrotron radiation sources of the third generation are able to support magnetic imaging on a sub-micrometer scale. With the Sixth Mittelwihr School on Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation the tradition of teaching the state-of-the-art on modern research developments continues and is expressed through the present set of extensive lectures provided in this volume. While primarily aimed at postgraduate students and newcomers to the field, this volume will also benefit researchers and lecturers actively working in the field.
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Category : Optical detectors
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: Andrew Sessler
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814417203
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
The first edition of Engines of Discovery celebrated in words, images and anecdotes the accelerators and their constructors that culminated in the discovery of the Higgs boson. But even before the Higgs was discovered, before the champagne corks popped and while the television producers brushed up their quantum mechanics, a new wave of enthusiasm for accelerators to be applied for more practical purposes was gaining momentum. Almost all fields of human endeavour will be enhanced by this trend: energy conservation, medical diagnostics and treatment, national security, as well as industrial processing. Accelerators have been used most spectacularly to reveal the structure of the complex molecules that determine our metabolism and life. For every accelerator chasing the Higgs, there are now ten thousand serving other purposes. It is high time to move from abstract mathematics and philosophy to the practical needs of humankind. It is the aim of this revised and expanded edition to describe this revolution in a manner which will attract the young, not only to apply their curiosity to the building blocks of matter but to help them contribute to the improvement of the quality of life itself on this planet. As always, the authors have tried to avoid lengthy mathematical description. In describing a field which reaches out to almost all of today's cutting edge technology, some detailed explanation cannot be avoided but this has been confined to sidebars. References guide experts to move on to the journal Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology and other publications for more information. But first we would urge every young physicist, teacher, journalist and politician to read this book. Contents: Electrostatic Accelerators; Cyclotrons; Linear Accelerators; Betatrons; Synchrotrons; Colliders; Neutrino Super Beams, Neutrino Factories and Muon Colliders; Detectors; High-Energy and Nuclear Physics; Synchrotron Radiation Sources; Isotope Production and Cancer Therapy Accelerators; Spallation Neutron Sources; Accelerators in Industry and Elsewhere; National Security; Energy and the Environment; A Final Word OCo Mainly to the Young. Readership: Scientists, research physicists, engineers and administrators at accelerator laboratories; general readers; undergraduates and graduates in physics, electrical engineering and the history of science."
Author: V.N. Litvinenko
Publisher: Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN: 9780444509390
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 790
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Book Description
The 22nd International Free Electron Laser Conference and 7th FEL User Workshop were held August 13-18, 2000 at Washington Duke Inn and Golf Club in Durham, North Carolina, USA. The conference and the workshop were hosted by Duke University's Free Electron laser (FEL) Laboratory. Following tradition, the FEL prize award was announced at the banquet. The year 2000 FEL prize was awarded to three scientists propelling the limits of high power FELs: Steven Benson, Eisuke Minehara and George Neill. The conference program was comprised of traditional oral sessions on First Lasing, FEL theory, storage ring FELs, linac and high power FELs, long wavelength FELs, SASE FELs, accelerator and FEL physics and technology, and new developments and proposals. Two sessions on accelerator and FEL physics and technology reflected the emphasis on the high quality of accelerators and components for modern FELs. The breadth of the applications was presented in the workshop oral sessions on materials processing, biomedical and surgical applications, physics and chemistry as well as on instrumentation and methods for FEL applications. A special oral session was dedicated to FEL center status reports for users to learn more about the opportunities with FELs. As usual, the oral sessions were supplemented by poster sessions with in-depth discussions and communications. The FEL physicists and FEL users had excellent opportunities to interact throughout the duration of the event, culminating a Joint Sessions. The year 2000 was very successful being marked by lasing with two SASE and one storage ring short-wavelength FELs, and by the first human surgery with the use of FEL, to mention but a few. The International Program Committee and chairs of the sessions had the challenging and exciting problem of selecting invived and contributed talks for the conferences and the workshop from the influx of abstracts mentioning new results and ideas. The success of the conference was determined by these contributions. Scientists from 15 countries gave 70 talks, presented 176 posters and submitted 146 papers, which are published in the present volume of proceedings.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309067995
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 63
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Book Description
The 1999 Solid State Sciences Committee Forum, entitled "Materials in a New Era," was held at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C., on February 16-17, 1999. The forum was designed to launch the report entitled Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics: Basic Research for Tomorrow 's Technology. That report, part of the decadal survey series, Physics in a New Era, reviews some of the outstanding accomplishments in materials research over the last decade. It indicates some emerging areas and conveys the true excitement in the field from a perspective of basic science and potential societal impact.
Author: Frank Smith
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0824719921
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1026
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Book Description
By illustrating a wide range of specific applications in all major industries, this work broadens the coverage of X-ray diffraction beyond basic tenets, research and academic principles. The book serves as a guide to solving problems faced everyday in the laboratory, and offers a review of the current theory and practice of X-ray diffraction, major advances and potential uses.
Author: Oge Marques
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1003836445
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 157
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Book Description
Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized many areas of medicine and is increasingly being embraced. This book focuses on the integral role of AI in radiology, shedding light on how this technology can enhance patient care and streamline professional workflows. This book reviews, explains, and contextualizes some of the most current, practical, and relevant developments in artificial intelligence and deep learning in radiology and medical image analysis. AI for Radiology presents a balanced viewpoint of the impact of AI in these fields, underscoring that AI technologies are not intended to replace radiologists but rather to augment their capabilities, freeing professionals to focus on more complex cases. This book guides readers from the basic principles of AI to their practical applications in radiology, moving from the role of data in AI to the ethical and regulatory considerations of using AI in radiology and concluding with a selection of resources for further exploration. This book has been crafted with a diverse readership in mind. It is a valuable asset for medical professionals eager to stay up to date with AI developments, computer scientists curious about AI’s clinical applications, and anyone interested in the intersection of healthcare and technology.
Author: Yixin Zhao
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323952984
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Small Angle X-Ray and Neutron Scattering with Applications to Geomaterials provides techniques for the analysis of geomaterials, which is of great significance for humans because geomaterials are related to earthquake, resource development, underground spaces, carbon dioxide storage, and more. The book introduces the fundamental theory of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering and covers pore accessibility characterization for natural rocks from four aspects, including quantitative evaluation of pore structure heterogeneity and anisotropy, quantification of pore modification in coals due to pulverization, estimation and modeling of coal pore accessibility, and nanoscale coal deformation and alteration of porosity and pore orientation under uniaxial compression. Finally, interactions between pore structures and fluid behaviors in geomaterials are introduced, along with the connections between small-angle scattering and other techniques (NMR cytophotometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy and synchrotron radiation SAXS and nano-CT) described. Covers both theory and applications of small angle X-ray and neutron scattering as related to geomaterials Provides context for using the techniques described in the book in connection with other well-known techniques Includes analysis methods of interactions between pore structures and fluid behaviors in geomaterials
